HARI OM
VGN CHINMAYA VIDYALAYA, AVADI
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SALT ANALYSIS
S.NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Colour of the salt (a) Blue (a) May be Cu2+
Colour of the given (b) Light pink (b) May be Mn2+
salt is noted (c) Reddish brown (c) May be Fe3+
(d) Bright Green (d) May be Ni2+
(e) Blue, Red, Violet, (e) May be Co2+
pink (f) Absence of the
(f) No characteristic above ions
colour
2. Smell of the salt (a) Pungent smell (a) Presence of NH4+
Smell of the salt t is (b) Vinegar smell (b) Presence of
noted (c) No characteristic CH3COO-
smell (c) Absence of NH4+
and CH3COO-
3. Nature of the salt (a) Amorphous (a) Carbonate salt
(powdery) (b) Hydrated salt or
(b) Crystalline May be
ammonium
carbonate
4. Solubility (a) Soluble in H2O (a) Absence of
Little of salt is (b) Insoluble in H2O CO32- (except
dissolved in ammonium
distilled water carbonate )
(b) Presence of
CO32-
5. Flame test (a) Brick red coloured (a) Presence of Ca2+
A little of salt is flame (b) Presence of Sr2+
made in to paste (b) Crimson red flame (c) Presence of Ba2+
with conc. HCl and (c) Apple green flame (d) Presence of Cu2+
introduced in to the (d) Blue flame (e) All of the above
non luminous part (e) No characteristic ions
of the Bunsen flame flame
6. Ash test: (a) Green ash (a) Presence of Zn2+
A little of the salt is (b) Blue ash (b) Presence of Al3+
mixed with cobalt (c) Pink ash (c) Presence of Mg2+
nitrate solution and (d) No characteristic (d) Absence of the
filter paper is ash above ions
soaked in the
mixture and burnt.
7. Action of heat (a) White sublimate (a) May be NH42+
A little of salt is (b) Salt turning yellow (b) May be Zn2+
taken in a dry test when hot and (c) May be Pb2+
tube and heated white when (d) May be Cu2+
gently and then removed from (e) May be Co2+
strongly flame (f) Absence of the
(c) Reddish brown hot above ions
and yellow when
cold
(d) Turns white from
blue
(e) Turns blue from
pink
(f) No characteristic
change
8. Dilute acid test (a) Brisk (a) Presence of CO32-
To little of the salt effervescence (b) Absence of CO32-
dil. H2SO4 is added (b) No reaction
9. Concentrated (a) Brown fumes (a) May be Br -
H2SO4 test (without heating ) (b) May be Cl-
To little of the salt (b) Pungent smell on (c) May be CH3COO-
con.H2SO4 is added heating (d) May be NO3-
(c) Vinegar like smell (e) Absence of the
(on heating ) above ions
(d) Reddish brown
fume on heating
(e) No reaction
10. MnO2 Test (a) Greenish yellow (a) Presence of Cl-
Little of the salt , fumes (b) Absence of Cl-
con.H2SO4 and (b) No greenish
MnO2 is added and yellow fumes
heated
11. Cu Turnings test (a) Brown fumes (a) Presence of NO3-
Salt with (b) No brown fumes (b) Absence of NO3-
con.H2SO4 and
copper turnings
heated
12. Ferric chloride test: (a) Blood red colour (a) Presence of
To the original (b) No blood red CH3COO-
solution FeCl3 colour (b) Absence of
solution is added CH3COO-
13. Independent (a) White Precipitate is (a) presence of
Radicals formed sulphate
(a) To the (b) Yellow precipitate (b) Presence of
original is formed phosphate
solution add (c) No white or yellow (c) Absence of
BaCl2 precipitate sulphate and
solution phosphate
(b) To the
original
solution
ammonium
molybodate
solution is
added
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT:
To one portion of the salt, thrice the amount of sodium carbonate is added with
distilled water boiled and filtered, the extract is sodium carbonate extract.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ANIONS ( ACID RADICAL)
1 NITRATE: Brown ring is Presence of NO3- is
To original solution formed confirmed
freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and
con. H2SO4 in the sides
of the test tube
2 BROMIDE Pale yellow Presence of Br - is
To the original solution precipitate is formed confirmed
silver nitrate solution is
added
3. CHLORIDE: White precipitate is Presence of Cl- is
To the original solution formed confirmed
silver nitrate solution is
added
4 ACETATE Blood red colour is Presence of CH3COO-
To the original solution formed is confirmed
Ferric chloride solution
is added
5. SULPHATE White precipitate is Presence of SO42- is
To the original solution formed confirmed
, dil. Acetic acid and
lead acetate is added
6. CARBONATE White precipitate is Presence of CO32- is
To the original solution formed confirmed
add magnesium
sulphate solution
7. PHOSPHATE Yellow precipitate is Presence of PO43- is
To the original solution formed confirmed
ammonium molybodate
solution is added
CATION (BASIC RADICAL ) ANALYSIS
Preparation of original solution:
For water soluble salts the original solution is prepared by dissolving the salt in
distilled water
For water insoluble salt the original solution is prepared by dissolving salt in the
dil.HCl or dil.HNO3
ZERO GROUP Reddish Brown Presence of Zero group
To the original solution Precipitate (NH42+)
Nessler’s reagent is
added with NaOH
1. GROUP I White precipitate is Presence of I group
To the original solution formed (Pb2+)
dil.HCl is added
2. GROUP II Black precipitate is Presence of II group
To the original solution formed (Cu2+)
dil.HCl is added and
H2S gas is formed
3. GROUP III (a)White precipitate Presence of III group
To the original solution is obtained (Al3+)
NH4Cl (salt in excess) (b) Brwon
+ NH4OH is added precipitate is Presence of III group
obtained (Fe3+)
4. GROUP IV (a) White precipitate (a) Presence of IV
To the original solution is obtained group Zn2+
NH4Cl (salt in excess) (b) Brwon (b) Presnece of IV
+ NH4OH is added and precipitate is group Ni2+/Co2+
H2S gas is passed obtained (c) Presence of IV
(c) Buff precipitate group Mn2+
is obtained
5. GROUP V White precipitate is Presence of V group
To the original solution formed Ca2+/Sr2+/Ba2+
NH4Cl (salt in excess)
+ NH4OH is added and
(NH4)2CO3 is passed
6. GROUP VI White crystalline Presence of VI group
To the original solution precipitate is added Mg2+
NH4Cl (salt in excess)
+ NH4OH is added and
Na2HPO4 is passed
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CATIONS ( BASIC RADICAL)
ZERO GROUP Reddish brown Presence of NH4+ is
To the original solution precipitate confirmed
Nessler’s reagent and
NaOH is added
1. GROUP I Yellow precipitate is Presence of Pb2+ is
To the original solution obtained confirmed
potassium iodide is
added
2. GROUP II Chocolate brown Presence of Cu2+ is
To the original solution precipitate is obtained confirmed
potassium ferrocyanide
is added
3. GROUP III White precipitate is Presence of Al3+ is
To the original solution obtained confirmed
sodium hydroxide is
added
To The original Prussain Blue colour Presence of Fe3+ is
solution potassium precipitate confirmed
ferrocyanide is added
4. GROUP IV Bluish green colour Presence of Zn2+ is
(a) To the original precipitate confirmed
solution
potassium ferro
cyanide is added
(b) To the original Rosy red colour Presence of Ni2+ is
solution DMG precipitate confirmed
(Dimethyl
glyoxime) is
added
(c) To the original Brown colour Presence of Mn2+ is
solution NaOH precipitate is formed confirmed
solution is added
(d) To the original Blue colour precipitate Presence of Co2+ is
solution NaOH is is formed confirmed
added
5. GROUP V White precipitate is Presence of Ca2+ is
(a) To the original formed confirmed
solution
ammonium
oxalate is added
(b) To the original White precipitate is Presence of Sr2+ is
solution acetic formed confirmed
acid and
ammonium
sulphate is added
(c) To the original Yellow precipitate is Presence of Ba2+ is
solution formed confirmed
potassium
chromate is White precipitate is
added formed
(d) To the original
solution dil.
H2SO4 is added
6. GROUP VI Blue precipitate is Presence of Mg2+ is
To the original solution formed confirmed
magneson reagent is
added
RESULT
The given simple salt contains : Acid Radical --------------
Basic Radical --------------------
Salt is -------------------------
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