Form 3 Uec Math

Chapter 2 Logarithms

Note (3) Law of Indices

(1) Rules for Logarithms 1. am x an = am+n
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑷𝑸= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑷 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑸 2. am ÷ an = am-n
𝑷
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑸 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑷 - 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑸 3. (am) n = amn
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑷𝒏 = 𝒏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝑷 4. (ab) n = anbn
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝐚 𝐧
5. an ÷ bn = (𝐛)
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝟏 = 𝟎
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒚 𝒂 6. a0 = 1
• 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒂 change to base y: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒂= 𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒚 𝒙 7. a-n =
𝐚𝐧
(2) Logarithms Form 𝐚 −𝐧 𝐛 𝐧
• 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥 ⇔ 𝑥 = log 𝑎 𝑦
8. (𝐛) = (𝐚)
𝟏
Exponential/index form ⇔ logarithm form 9. 𝐚𝒏 = 𝒏√𝐚
𝒎
𝒏
10 𝐚 𝒏 = √𝐚𝒎
𝒎
𝟏
11. 𝐚− 𝒏 = 𝒏
√𝐚𝒎

Example
1 Simplify: 5 a) Write the following in logarithm form.
a) log 𝑎 (5 × 7) = i) 32 = 9 iii) 𝑝³ = 𝑟
b) log 𝑎 3 + log 𝑎 4 = ii) 5² = 25
c) log 𝑎 36 − log 𝑎 4 = b) Convert the following to index form.
d) 2 log 5 𝑥 = i) log10 100 = 2
ii) log 𝑥 19 = 4
2 Simplify:
a) log10 1000 = 6 Find the value of x.
b) log 2 64 = a) log 5 𝑥 = −2
c) log 𝑥 𝑥⁵ = b) log 81 3 = 𝑥
1
d) log 5 =
125
7 Solve the equations involving logarithms.
e) log 5 5 =
a) log 2 (2𝑥 + 3) = 3 log 2 3
f) log 0.2 1 =
b) log 4 (𝑥 + 3) = 3
c) log 𝑥 8 + log 𝑥 4 = 5
3 Simplify:
d) log 3 (𝑥² + 2) = 1 + log 3 (𝑥 + 2)
a) log 3 27 + log 3 2 − log 3 √36 =
e) log 7 (2𝑥 + 11) = 2 log 7(𝑥 − 2)
b) 2 log 5 8 − log 5 12 =
f) log 2 𝑥 − log 𝑥 4 = 1
g) log 6 𝑥 = 1 − log 6 (𝑥 − 5)
4 Changing the base of the following.
a) log 9 3
b) log 64 16
c) log 1 125
5
Exercise f) log 7 𝑥 = 1
1 Simplify g) log 𝑥 9 = 0.5
3
a) log 3 814
1
h) log 𝑥 √8 = 2
3
b)
1
log 6 216 i) log 4 8 √2 = 𝑥
64
c) log 2𝑥 8𝑥³ j) log 𝑥 125 = 3
3
d) log 7 √49
e) log 2 3
1 7 Solve the following equations.
√32 a) log 7 𝑝 -log 7 4 =2
f) log 3 1 b) log 2 𝑛 +log 4 𝑛 =9
2
g) log 0.9 0.9 c) log 2 (𝑥 + 5) -log 4 25 = log 2 𝑥
5
d) log 3 𝑥 +log 9 𝑥³ = 2
2 Simplify e) 2 log 25 𝑥 +log 𝑥 25 =3
a) log 6 12 + log 6 45 − log 6 15 f) 3 log 3 𝑥 -log 9 𝑥 =5
3
b) log 2 8 √16 g) log 3 (𝑥 − 3) +log 3 (𝑥 + 3) =3
c) log 4 14 − log 4 10 + log 4 35 h) log 3 (𝑥 2 + 8) = 1 + log 3 (𝑥 + 6)
1
d) 3 log 𝑎 125 − 2 log 𝑎 13 i) log 4 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6) = 2 +log 4 (𝑥 − 2)
1 3
j) log 2 (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2) = 1 +2log 2 𝑥
e) log 2 3 + 3 log 2 27² − log 2 812
3 1 3
k) 1 +log 2 (𝑥 + 2) = log 4 (6 − 2𝑥)²
f) 3 log10 2 + 2 log10 3 − log10 5 + 2 log10 4
8 If log 5 3 = 𝑝, log 5 7 = 𝑞, find value of 𝑥 if
3 Given log 5 2 = 0.431, log 5 3 = 0.683, find a) log 5 𝑥 = 2𝑝 + 𝑞
the values of the following, correct your b) log 5 𝑥 = 3𝑝 – 𝑞 + 1
answer to 2 decimal places.
a) log 5 18 b) log 5 60 Miscellaneous Exercise
3
c) log 5 5.4 d) log 5 4 9 Given that log 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑝 and log 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑞,
1
e) log 5 75 f) log 5 √12 express the following in terms of 𝑝 and 𝑞.
g) log 5 22.5 a) log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 3 𝑦⁴
𝑥²
b) log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 − log 𝑎
𝑦²
4 Simplify
√𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥
1
a) log 5 25 − log 25 5 c) log 𝑎 d) log 𝑎 √
𝑦² 𝑦
b) log 1 32 + log 8 16
4
10 Evaluate
5 Write in logarithmic form: a) log 1 243
9
a) 4³ = 64 log𝑎 625
1 b)
b) 5-2=25 log𝑎 5

c) 10³ = 1000
c) log10 0.001³

6 Find the value of x. 11 Simplify

1 a) log 2 14 + log 2 12 - log 2 21
a) 𝑥 = log 2 16
b) 2log 2 5 -log 2 100 -3log 2 4
b) log 5 𝑥 = 4 9 3 1 81
c) log 64 4 = 𝑥 c) log 9 40 -3log 9 - 2 log 9 25
2
3 1 1 16
d) log13 𝑥 = −2 d) 3log 3 +2log 3 - log 3 +5log 3 2
3 2 3 2 81
e) log 36 𝑥 = 2
12 Find the value of
a) log 3 49 ×log 5 27 ×log 7 25
b) log 7 16 ×log 4 25 ×log 5 7
c) 2 log 5 6 ×𝑙𝑜𝑔36 √125
d) If log 7 32 ×log 2 𝑥 = 5, find the value
of 𝑥.

13 Solve
a) Find 𝑘 if log 𝑝 9 + 2 log 𝑝 𝑘 = 0
b) log10(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 12) = 2
1 1
c) 3log 𝑞 6 +4 log 𝑞 16 − 2 log 𝑞 9 = 2
d) log 2 (2𝑥 + 3) −3 log 4 𝑥² +2 log 2 𝑥 = 3

14 Solve the following equations involving

indices.
a) 5𝑥 = 1
1
b) 7𝑥 = 49
1
c) 3𝑥 = 81
1
d) 𝑥 −2 = 6
e) 5−𝑥 = 25
f) 16𝑥 = 64
1
g) 27𝑛 = 81
h) 72𝑛 = 343
i) 32𝑥−1 = 81
1
j) 0.25 𝑥 = 64
k) 8𝑥−3 = 32𝑥+1
l) 9𝑥+1 = 27𝑥−3
m) 4𝑥 − 12(2𝑥 ) + 32 = 0

15 Express the following in terms of log 𝑎 𝑥,

log 𝑎 𝑦 and log 𝑎 𝑧.
a) log 𝑎 𝑎𝑥𝑦²
𝑥
b) log 𝑎 𝑦³𝑧
√𝑥
c) log 𝑎 𝑦𝑧²
𝑥²√𝑦
d) log 𝑎 3
√𝑧
𝑎²
e) log 𝑎 𝑥 3 𝑦
√