Principles of

Reinforced Concrete Design

ENGR. ROLLS GRANT VASQUEZ
CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
One Way Slab Design
 ULTIMATE
Design STRENGTH DESIGN :D ES IGN O F SLA BS
of Slabs
LOAD
MONOLITHIC
TRANSFER FLOOR SYSTEM

Partition with
Cover Wall
CHB

Slabs

Wood studs

Cross-Sectional View:
Floor Tiles
Floor Tiles Mortar
Water Proofing
Membrane
Slabs

hanger
Column furring
Beam/Girder ceiling board

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Design of Slabs
LOAD TRANSFER
(superimposed, floor
weights, live loads)x
Floor Weights Carries DL +LL

SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS

Slabs Carries Floor Loads +WSLAB
• Floor finish
• Ceiling framing and ceiling
finish
• Partition Beam Carries Tributary Loadfrom Slabs +W BEAM
• Miscellaneous loading such as
electrical, mechanical, and
plumbing fixtures
Carries Tributary Load from Slabs +W +
Girder Reaction of Beam
GIRDER

Note: Recall/Review Discussion in

LOAD DISTRIBUTION
Column Carries Reactions from Girders

Footing Carries Loads from Columns

Soil

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Design of Slabs
Types of Slabs
1. Conventional Slab
• One Way Slab
• Two Way Slab
2. Flat Plate Slab
3. Flat Slab
4. Waffle Slab
5. Ribbed Slab
6. Hollow Deck
Design of Slabs
Types of Slabs

One Way Slab

Two way Slab

Design of Slabs
Types of Slabs

Flat Slab

Flat Plate Slab

Design of Slabs
Types of Slabs

Waffle Slab

Ribbed Slab
Design of Slabs
Types of Slabs

Hollow Deck Core

ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :D ES IGN O F SLA BS
Design of Slabs
ONE Way
One WAYSlabs
SLABS(NSCP
(NSCP2015
2015Section
SECTION 407)
407)

407.3.1.1 Minimum Thickness of One Way Slabs

A
Support Condition Minimum t
CROSS - SECTION
simply supported l / 20
one end continuous l / 24
both end continuous l / 28
cantilever l / 10

where: l – span in direction of bending “A” d

t
B 1m
• Only applicable for normal weight of
concrete and fy =420MPa (& other s s s/2
Grade 60 values)
Flexure 1000 mm
• For fy other than 420 MPa, the Bars
expressions in 407.3.1.1 shall be
multiplied by (0.4 +fy/700) d=t-cc-db/2
cc =20 mm
• For slabs made of lightweight, Shrinkage and
expression shall be multiplied Temperature
by the greater of a) and b) Bars
a. 1.65-0.003wc
b. 1.09 TOP VIEW
where wc is weight in kg/m 3
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ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :D ES IGN O F SLA BS
Design of Slabs
One
ONE Way
WAYSlab Design
SLABS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 407)

FLEXURE Reinforcements: Minimum Area of Reinforcements: Maximum spacing:

Check spacing (round down to an

∅Mn ≥ 𝑴𝒖 increment of 10 mm)
𝑎 s=b
𝐴𝑏
∅Mn = ∅ 0.85f′c ab (d− ) k=0.002 if < Grade 420 𝐴𝑠
(𝑏 = 1000)
2 Asmin=kbt
𝑎 k=0.0018 if >= Grade 420
∅Mn = ∅ Asfy (d− ) Check smax (407.7.2)
2
0.85f’c ab = Asfy 3t
Solve for As Lesser of
450mm

Shrinkage and Temperature bar requirements

5t
As= As,min smax lesser of:
450mm
Note: Reinforcements in slabs will always yield

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Problem 1

The section of a solid one-way slab is shown

in the figure. The concrete is a normal density
concrete with unit weight of 2400 kg/m3.
Reinforcing steel has strength of fy=276 MPa

Calculate the minimum thickness of the

following in millimeters

a) Slab B1
b) Slab B2
c) Slab B3
Problem 2

A slab has dimensions of 4m by 10m. The slab is to carry a uniform service

superimposed dead load of 7.2 kPa and service live load of 6 kPa. Use fy=420
MPa for 12mm main bars and fy=280 MPa for 10mm shrinkage and temperature
bars. Specific Gravity of Concrete is 2.4. f’c=28 MPa. Calculate the following

a. Minimum Slab Thickness, mm

b. Spacing of main bars, mm
c. Spacing of temp bars, mm
Seatwork

A slab has dimensions of 8.45 m by 3.6m m. The slab is to carry a uniform

service superimposed dead load of 12 kPa, service live load of 7.2 kPa, and a wall
load of 11.9 kN/m. The wall is 2.95m high. Use fy=420 MPa for 12mm main bars
and fy=280 MPa for 10mm shrinkage and temperature bars. Specific Gravity of
Concrete is 2.4. f’c=28 MPa. Assume the slab is fixed ended on both ends.
Calculate the following

a. Minimum Slab Thickness in mm considering the slab is single span

b. Spacing of main bars using the maximum negative moment, mm
c. Spacing of temp bars, mm
d. Draw the detail of reinforcement
ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :Design of Slabs
MONOLITHIC FLOOR

Note: Because of the monolithic connection between slab

and girder, negative bending is experienced at the end
Design Strip
supports.
1m

Tributary
Width

A1 A2 A3

Uniform LinearLoad
Floor Load =DL +LL ( per length)
wu = Wu * 1m
End Span Interior Span End Span
DE CE CE CE CE DE
ln1 ln2 ln3 Exterior Support

+Mms +Mms Interior Support

+Mms

Clear Span, ln
ln = A -bw
-M DE -M CE -M CE -MDE A – short span
Bw – width ofgirder
-M CE -M CE
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ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :Design of Slabs
MONOLITHIC FLOOR: ACI Coefficient Method

Approximate moments and shears for continuous

beams and one way slabs provided that: Mu= Cwuln2 Vu=C wuln

✓ There are 2 or more spans where: C =coefficient

w u =uniform load (ultimate)
✓ Loads are uniformlydistributed ln =clear span (between faces of support)

✓ Members are prismatic

✓ Unfactored live load does not exceed three (3) times Locations:
the unfactored dead load (LL <3DL) Exterior Face of First Interior support

✓ Spans are approximately equal, with the larger of two

End Span Interior Span End Span
adjacent spans not greater or shorter by more than
20% (A1 ≤1.2A2 and. 1.2A1 ≥A2) Do not compare Other Face
Interior Face of exterior
alternate spans. support

For calculation of “ ln “ at discontinuous end, “ ln “ is

the clear span in question for +Mu, -Mu, Vu

For calculation of “ ln “ at continuous end, “ ln “ is the Discontinuous Slab is Monolithic Slab is

End unrestrained With Spandrel Monolithic with
average of adjacent clear spans for -M u (Precast) Beam column

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 ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :Design of Slabs
MONOLITHIC FLOOR: ACI Coefficient Method
MORE THAN TWO (2)SPANS
MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

Discontinuous end unrestrained 0 1/11 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11

Spandrel Beam 1/24 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11
Column 1/16 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11
End Span Interior Span Interior Span

DE MS CE CE MS CE CE
SHEAR COEFFICIENTS 1/2 1.15/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/2

TWO (2) SPANS

MOMENT COEFFICIENTS
NOTE (for 2 or more
Discontinuous end unrestrained 0 1/11 1/9 1/9 1/11 0
spans): For slabs
Spandrel Beam 1/24 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/24 with spans that
NSCP 406.5.2

don’t exceed 3m,

Column 1/16 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/16 the coefficient of
the moment at the
End Span End Span
faces of the
support be 1/12.
DE MS CE CE MS DE
SHEAR COEFFICIENTS 1/2 1.15/ 2 1.15/ 2 1/2

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ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :Design of Slabs
MONOLITHIC FLOOR: ACI Coefficient Method

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Problem 3
 ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :Design of Slabs
MONOLITHIC FLOOR: ACI Coefficient Method
MORE THAN TWO (2)SPANS
MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

Discontinuous end unrestrained 0 1/11 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11

Spandrel Beam 1/24 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11
Column 1/16 1/14 1/10 1/11 1/16 1/11 1/11
End Span Interior Span

DE MS CE CE MS CE CE
SHEAR COEFFICIENTS 1/2 1.15/ 2 1/2 1/2 1/2

TWO (2) SPANS

MOMENT COEFFICIENTS
NOTE (for 2 or more
Discontinuous end unrestrained 0 1/11 1/9 1/9 1/11 0
spans): For slabs
Spandrel Beam 1/24 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/24 with spans that
NSCP 406.5.2

don’t exceed 3m,

Column 1/16 1/14 1/9 1/9 1/14 1/16 the coefficient of
the moment at the
End Span End Span
faces of the
support be 1/12.
DE MS CE CE MS DE
SHEAR COEFFICIENTS 1/2 1.15/ 2 1.15/ 2 1/2

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Problem 4 Interior CHB Wall
Design Slabs BCFG, FGJK, and JKNO.
• fy = 280 MPa (main bar), fy= 250 MPa
(temp bars) f’c = 21 MPa. Use unit
A Floor: Solid flat tile on B C D weight of 24 kN/m3

3m
25mm mortar base
Office2: Typical Office 3.4m • db=12mm and ds/t=10mm
Office1: Call Center Office • Girder size is 300mm by 450mm (typ.)
5m
• Column size is 550 mm square (typ.)
E F G H
Steel stu ds with 13mm gypsum
Floor: Quarry tile on
• Assume floor height to be 3.2m
each side, 2.5 m high
13mm mortar bed 2.9m All areas:
I J K L
• Ceiling: Suspended metal lath
HALLWAY with gypsum plaster.
Floor: Concrete fill
finish, 40mm THK 2.6m • MEPFS: 1.2 kPa
M N O P Partitions
• Exterior CHB walls: 150mm THK
5.8m 6.9m 6m
with full grout. Density of 21.2
kN/m3. Each face is to be plastered
• Interior CHB walls: 100mm THK
with full grout. Density of 16.5
kN/m3. Each face is to be plastered

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NSCP 2015
Section 204
Dead Loads
NSCP 2015
Section 205
Live Loads
ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN :D ES IGN O F SLA BS
MONOLITHIC FLOOR

wu1 wu2 wu3

Mu1 Mu2 Mu3 Mu4 Mu5 Mu6 Mu7 Mu8 Mu9

ln1 ln2 ln3

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Two Way Slab Design
 Two way Slab

❖If the ratio of clear width

S to clear length L,
𝑺𝒏 𝑳𝒏
> 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 or < 𝟐
𝑳𝒏 𝑺𝒏
The slab is classified as two-
way slab

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 Two way Slab (cont.)

❖ When loaded, the slabs bend into a dished surface

rather than a cylindrical one.

❖ The slab is curved in both directions; hence moment

exists in both directions

❖ The slab must be reinforced in both directions, by at

least two layers of bars perpendicular, respectively, to
two pairs of edges

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 Minimum Thickness of Two way Slabs

❖Preliminary slab thickness may be

computed as follows

𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 2 ( 𝑆𝑛 + 𝐿𝑛 )
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = =
180 180

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 Minimum Thickness of Two way Slabs

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 Design of Continuous Two-way Slabs

ACI Coefficient Method for two way slabs

❖Determination of moment in two-way slabs with various

conditions of continuity at the supported edges is
mathematically formidable and not suited to design
practice

❖For a variety of edge conditions, the method makes use

of tables of moment coefficients

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 ACI Moment Coefficient Method Design
Regions

❖ Middle strip moment: 𝑀𝑀𝑆 = 𝐶𝑊𝑢 𝑙𝑛2

2
❖ Column strip moment: 𝑀𝐶𝑆 = 𝑀
3 𝑀𝑆
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 ACI Moment Coefficient Method Design
Moments

❖ The moments in the middle strip in the two directions are computed from

𝑀𝑎 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑙𝑎2 Short Direction

𝑀𝑏 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑙𝑏2 Long Direction

Where:
𝐶𝑎 , 𝐶𝑏 = tabulated moment coefficients

𝑊𝑢 = uniform load

𝑙𝑎 , 𝑙𝑏 = length of clear span in short and long directions, respectively

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 Table 1
Coefficient for
negative
moment in
slabs

*Use linear interpolation for ‘m’ values not

on the table
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 Table 2
Coefficient for
dead load
positive
moment in
slabs

*Use linear interpolation for ‘m’ values not

on the table
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 Table 3
Coefficient for
live load
positive
moment in
slabs

*Use linear interpolation for ‘m’ values not

on the table
 Various Edges of Continuity

Case11 6 6
Case

22
Case 7 7
Case

Case
33 Case 8
8
Case 4
4
9
Case 9

Case
55
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 Other Design Requirements

❖Clear bar cover : at least 20mm

❖No temperature bars

❖Main bar spacing:

s ≤ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2t

❖ Minimum ratio of main bars = kbt where k=0.002 for below grade 60
reinforcements and k=0.0018 for grade 60 and above reinforcements

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Design Slab B of the floor system
shown. f’c =28 MPa, fy=280 MPa. Use Example
dbs=12mm , dbl=10mm

Specific Gravity of concrete =2.4

Toppings and finishes = 1.15 kPa
Utilities =0.70 kPa
Parition loads = 3.2 kPa
MEPFS = 2.4 kPa

The building to be used is a public

parking garage

Assume all beams to be 250x500mm

Dimensions at edge are measured at

edge of beams
Assume 𝜶𝑓𝑚 ≥ 2

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 Solution 1 Solution 2

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