PASSIVATE Version: 14

Doc.-No.: 1035
DATA SHEET
SAP-No.: 1678479

EcoTri HC2 IMDS-No.: 900896

Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance

CONTENTS

1. Process Information................................................................................................................................. 2
2. Equipment ............................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Cleaning Procedure for the Decontamination of Cr(VI)........................................................................... 3
4. Make-Up .................................................................................................................................................. 3
5. Working Parameters ................................................................................................................................ 4
6. Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 4
7. Control of the Cr (III) Content .................................................................................................................. 5
8. Control of the pH ..................................................................................................................................... 5
9. Guidelines for the Storage of EcoTri HC2 concentrate ........................................................................... 5
10. Application Guidelines ............................................................................................................................. 6
11. SAP No. for Make - Up and Maintenance Products ................................................................................ 6
12. General Safety Precautions .................................................................................................................... 6
13. Recommendations for Wastewater Treatment ........................................................................................ 7
14. Analytical Instructions .............................................................................................................................. 8
Determination of EcoTri HC2 by Photometry ..................................................................................... 8
Determination of Cr(III) by Titration ..................................................................................................10
Determination of Chromium(VI) by Photometry ...............................................................................13
Determination of Zinc by F-AAS .......................................................................................................15
Determination of Iron by F-AAS .......................................................................................................18

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

1. Process Information

• EcoTri HC2 is a Chromium(III) containing thick layer passivation for zinc and zinc alloy which is
completely free of Chromium(VI).

• With EcoTri HC2 excellent corrosion resistance can be achieved which corresponds to a Cr(VI)
containing yellow chromate.

• Especially when heat treatment is required prior to corrosion testing (e.g. 1 hour at 120 °C,
2 hours at 180 °C, 24 hours at 120 °C) the corrosion protection is excellent.

• EcoTri HC2 produces green-red iridescent passivate layers on all kind of zinc surfaces with an
increased passivation layer thickness compared to an usual blue passivation.

• EcoTri HC2 can be used for both rack and barrel plating.

2. Equipment

Tanks Rubber lined steel or with lining made of polyethylene or

polypropylene, PVC, PVC/Polyester-
reinforced material.
Never install the EcoTri HC2 tank after a chromate tank in
the line as you will risk Cr(VI) contamination.

Heating Required
Heater or heat exchanger made of PTFE.

Bath Agitation A uniform and slight air agitation is required. An intermittent

drum rotation is advantageous.

Filtration Required

Exhaust Required

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

3. Cleaning Procedure for the Decontamination of Cr(VI)

If a customer wants to use an old tank, which until now was used for Cr(VI) containing chromates, the
customer is obliged to decontaminate the tank before using trivalent passivate solutions in the same tank.

It should be recognized that it is difficult to remove all traces of hexavalent chromium and all tanks and
ancillary equipment should be washed down and cleaned by hand, scrubbing or power washing might be
needed.

The following decontamination procedure is recommended:

• 20-50 g/l sodium bisulfite in water is heated to a temperature of 60 – 70 °C

• pH is adjusted to 3 – 4 with sulfuric acid
• The tank is filled for several hours with this solution to decontaminate existing Cr(VI) in the tank
• Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III)
• Clean the tank afterwards with water

After cleaning and leaching the tanks they should be filled with clean water and tested for the presence of
Cr(VI). The according analytical method can be found in the last chapter of this document.

Note: The bisulfite solution can be used afterwards for waste treatment of Cr(VI) solutions.

4. Make-Up

Make-up of 100 l Liter kg

Water about 88.0
EcoTri HC2 12.0 14.5

The pH must be adjusted to working range with nitric acid or sodium hydroxide!

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

5. Working Parameters

Temperature 55 °C (50 – 60 °C)

pH
zinc zinc iron zinc nickel

1.8 ( 1.6 - 2.0 ) 2.0 ( 1.8 - 2.0 ) 2.5 ( 2.2 - 3.0 )

measured with a pH meter

(with temperature compensation).

Adjustment is carried out with NaOH or HNO3 .

The pH electrode must not be kept permanently in the

bath due to the fluoride content!

Density Cannot be used for monitoring the bath.

Immersion Time 60 seconds (30 - 90 seconds)

Transfer Time max. 20 seconds

For use on zinc prior to passivation with EcoTri HC2 it is recommended to use either a hydrochloric acid or a
nitric acid dip (0.3 % (v/v)). We advise to use three rinsing tanks equipped with spray bars after the
passivation with EcoTri HC2.

6. Maintenance

Nominal Values On Make-up During Operation

Cr3+-Ions 3.3 g/l 2.9 – 3.6 g/l
Zinc --- < 15 g/l
*
Iron --- < 100 mg/l
**
Copper --- < 5 mg/l
**
Lead --- < 5 mg/l
*
For highest corrosion protection requirement. The iron content can be reduced with a cation
exchanger system (see separate Data Sheet)
**
Contaminations of copper or lead must be avoided

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

7. Control of the Cr (III) Content

The Chromium (III) content of a made up passivation is:

• 3.3 g/l calculated as Cr3+.
• 120.0 ml/l calculated as EcoTri HC2.

The Chromium (III) ions content is adjusted by adding EcoTri HC2.

To increase the Cr3+-ions content by about 1.0 g/l, add 36 ml/l EcoTri HC2. Consumption of EcoTri HC2
strongly depends on drag-out.

• Per m2 of passivated parts the following consumption will occur:

• 20 – 30 ml EcoTri HC2 depending on drag-out .
Automatic dosing is recommended.
2
During barrel plating a higher consumption will occur (30 – 50 ml/m ) – depending on drag-out.
Recirculation of rinse water will reduce the consumption of EcoTri HC2.

8. Control of the pH

After addition of EcoTri HC2 the pH must be checked and if necessary adjusted with NaOH
or HNO3.

9. Guidelines for the Storage of EcoTri HC2 concentrate

EcoTri HC2 concentrate should be stored at normal indoor conditions. The recommended temperature
range is 8 – 30 °C.

Do not store EcoTri HC2 concentrate for extended period at temperatures above 40 °C or below 0 °C. This
can lead to a shorter shelf life or to freezing of the product.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

10. Application Guidelines

• Generally, the high working temperature causes the high corrosion resistance.
Therefore avoid using a low working temperature.
• Higher temperatures and a lower pH need shorter immersion times.
• Lower temperatures and a higher pH need longer immersion times.

11. SAP No. for Make - Up and Maintenance Products

PRODUCT SAP No.

ECOTRI HC 2 1675243

12. General Safety Precautions

Avoid direct contact with this material. Do not inhale associated mist or vapors. Wash contaminated clothing
before reuse. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for specific precautions before handling this
material and for first aid recommendations. As applicable, keep exposure below the limits recommended by
the appropriate regional regulatory agencies.

For further information on product safety refer to the corresponding MSDS. The
MSDS is enclosed at the first delivery of a product. Otherwise a MSDS for a product
is available on request from the appropriate regional Atotech office.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

13. Recommendations for Wastewater Treatment

Rinse water and Concentrates

Rinse water and Concentrates can be treated by a neutralization precipitation.

Concentrates should be diluted with the rinse water in the ratio of 1 : 3 and then neutralized with calcium
hydroxide (Ca-lime) to pH 10 and a minimum reaction time of 1 h.

The addition of Ca-lime is necessary to precipitate also the included fluoride.

For better flocculation add flocculation agent (recommended is polyacryl amide/anionic with a molecular
weight of 4 - 6 million) and stir. Allow the precipitate to settle for better filtration.

After filtration is complete the filtrate must not be mixed with metal ions bearing waste streams.

Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the limit values of pollutants
including the general regulations on dangerous materials!!

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

14. Analytical Instructions

Version: 01
Determination of EcoTri HC2 by Photometry
Doc.-No.: EXT-0879-UV-01

Principle:

At 560 nm, Cr(III) shows an extinction maximum that is used for the quantitative determination.

Reagents required*:

• EcoTri HC2 conc.

• 5M HNO3
• DI Water

Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the permitted limits for
pollutants, including the general regulations for hazardous materials!

Equipment required:

• UV/VIS Spectral photometer (e.g. Perkin Elmer Lambda 2S)

• Plastic, Glass or quartz cuvette (pathlength: 1 cm)

Operating parameter UV/VIS spectrometer:

Method VIS Curve Linear
Wavelength 560 nm Ordmode Single wave

Stock Solutions (Standards):

Three stock solutions with the concentrations of 100 ml/l, 120 ml/l and 140 ml/l EcoTri HC2 are prepared in
DI Water.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Procedure:
A) Calibration Solutions (Standards):
• 10.0** ml of each of the stock solutions are pipetted into separate 50 ml volumetric flasks, 5ml 5M Nitric
Acid is added into each and then filled up to the mark with DI Water.

B) Determination of the Calibration Curve:

• The fresh prepared calibration solutions are immediately measured in a 1 cm cuvette at 560 nm against
the DI Water.

C) Determination of the EcoTri HC2 in the Bath:

• 10.0** ml of the sample is pipetted into a 50 ml volumetric flask, 5ml 5M Nitric Acid is added and filled
up to the mark with the DI Water. The solution is immediately measured in a 1 cm cuvette at 560 nm
against DI Water.

Evaluation:
Determination of the content of EcoTri HC2 of the sample to be analyzed is carried out by comparing the
extinction result with the calibration graph previously plotted or calculation.

Example:
Extinctions of the calibration solutions: 100 ml/l: E100 = 0.103; 120 ml/l: E120 = 0.124; 140 ml/l: E140 = 0.145.
Extinction sample: Esample = 0.133.

Calculation:

 100 120 140 

 + + 
E
 100 E E140 
× E sample = ml/l EcoTri HC2
120

 100 120 140 

 + + 
 0.103 0.124 0.145  × 0.133 = 129 ml/l EcoTri HC2
3

Quality assurance: For maintenance, calibration of measuring devices and the use of
standards and reference materials please refer to the corresponding guidelines.

* Unless otherwise stated, these are always analytical grade substances.

** Volumes given exact to a decimal point must be measured with a volumetric pipette.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Version: 03
Determination of Cr(III) by Titration
Doc.-No.: EXT-0858-TIT-03

Principle: Redox titration

Reagents required*:

• Diphenylamine indicator 2% in ethanol

• Sodium hydroxide Solution 5 M (5 N) (200 g/l NaOH)
• Hydrochloric acid conc.
• Hydrogen peroxide 30 %
• Phosphoric acid conc., density 1.70
• Ammonium iron(II) sulfate volumetric solution 0.1 M (0.1 N) (Factor has to be determined daily)

Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the permitted limits for
pollutants, including the general regulations for hazardous materials!

Starting amount and factors

The sample amounts and factors given in the table below can be used for most of the passivations.

Working range Sample amount Factor (g/l)

Cr(III) (g/l) (ml)** Cr3+

<2 10 0.173
2-5 5 0.346
5-10 2 0.867

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Procedure:

• Place sample (refer table above) into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and mix with
• 2 ml sodium hydroxide solution 5 M,
• 50 ml DI water.
• Carefully add 20 ml hydrogen peroxide 30% (in portions) and cover the flask with a funnel.
• Allow boiling for 20-30 min (the hydrogen must be boiled down completely!).
• After the solution cooled down to 60-80°C, add
• 10 ml hydrochloric acid conc. and
• 10 ml phosphoric acid conc.
• Cool down to room temperature (not necessary if you work without the indicator on an titroprocessor)
and fill up to 100 ml with DI water.
• After addition of 4 drops indicator titrate with
• 0.1 M Ammonium iron(II) sulfate volumetric solution until the deep violet colour of the solution changes
to a light green/yellow.

Alternative: The Titration can be conducted as a turning point titration using a

titroprocessor equipped with the Pt-electrode to determine the endpoint.

Calculation:
•
The amount of ml of 0.1 M Ammonium iron(II)-sulfate volumetric solution used – multiplied by the factor
indicated in the table above – gives the content of Cr(III) in g/l.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Example:

Examples and Calculations

1. Example

During titration of 2.0 ml sample, 11.2 ml of of 0.1 M Ammonium iron (II) sulfate volumetric solution was
used.

11.2 x 0.867 = 9.7 g/L Cr(III)

2. Example

During titration of 5.0 ml sample, 13.2 of 0.1 M Ammonium iron (II) sulfate volumetric solution was used.

13.2 × 0.346 = 4.6 g/l Cr(III)

3. Example

During titration of 10.0 ml bath, 6.6 ml of of 0.1 M Ammonium iron (II) sulfate volumetric solution was used.

6.6 × 0.173 = 1.14 g/l Cr(III)

Quality assurance: For maintenance, calibration of measuring devices and the use of
standards and reference materials please refer to the corresponding guidelines.

* Unless otherwise stated, these are always analytical grade substances.

** Volumes given exact to a decimal point must be measured with a volumetric pipette.
*** For the purpose of calculation, the factor of the standard solution is assumed to be 1.000 and is
therefore not taken into account in the examples.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Version: 07
Determination of Chromium(VI) by Photometry
Doc.-No.: A0000389-07

Reagents required*:

• Reagent 1:
700 ml phosphoric acid will be filled with water to 1000 ml
• Reagent 2:
1 g of 1.5-Diphenylcarbazide dissolved in 100 ml acetone and acidified with a drop of conc acetic acid.
• Cr(VI) stock solution, 1.0 g/l: 2829 mg potassium dichromate will be dissolved in DI water and topped
up to 1000 ml using a volumetric flask.
• Cr(VI) standard solution 1.0 mg/l: 1.0 ml of Cr(VI) stock solution are pipetted into a 1000 ml
volumetric flask and filled up with DI water.

Please follow the general regulations for hazardous materials in the Material safety
data sheets!
The analytical procedure is to be followed exactly.
Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the permitted limits for
pollutants.

Equipment required:

• usual lab equipment

• Quartz glass cuvettes (thickness 1 cm)
• UV/VIS Spectrometer Lambda 2S (Messrs. Perkin Elmer)

Parameters

Methode Cr VI

Curve linear

Wavelength 540 nm

ordmode single wave

The above listed equipment is only valid when this method was created. For purchase of new
analytical equipment the recommend equipment list has to be followed:

https://10.187.127.52/Communication/html/scientific_services_chemical_services_analytics.php

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Procedure:

Prepare in 4x 20 ml volumetric flask.

Blank: 2.0 ml of sample,

5 ml DI-water, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 1, mixed thoroughly,
filled up with DI-water to 20ml.
Add0: 2.0 ml of sample,
5 ml DI-water, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 1, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 2, mixed thoroughly,
filled up with DI-water to 20ml.
Add0.1: 2.0 ml of sample,
5 ml DI-water, mixed thoroughly,
2.0 ml of Cr(VI) standard solution, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 1, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 2, mixed thoroughly,
filled up with DI-water to 20ml.
Add0.2: 2.0 ml of sample,
5 ml DI-water, mixed thoroughly,
4.0 ml of Cr(VI) standard solution, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 1, mixed thoroughly,
1 ml of reagent 2, mixed thoroughly,
filled up with DI-water to 20ml.

• The autozero is carried out with the blank.

All samples are measured after 10 min in a 1 cm cuvette at 540 nm against the blank solution.

•
6+
Due to the inherent color of the sample it is necessary to fix the LOQ of the method to 1.0 mg/l Cr .

Evaluation:

The content of Cr(VI) in the sample is evaluated by standard addition method. The result is given in
mg/l.

Quality assurance: For maintenance, calibration of measuring devices and the use of
standards and reference materials please refer to the corresponding guidelines.

* Unless otherwise stated, these are always analytical grade substances.

** Volumes given exact to a decimal point must be measured with a volumetric pipette.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Version: 02
Determination of Zinc by F-AAS
Doc.-No.: EXT-0175-AA-02

Principle:

The solution will be atomized and afterwards the extinction will be measured in an air/acetylene flame at the
corresponding wavelength. Evaluation is carried out by an external calibration using aqueous standard
solutions.

Reagents required*:

• Zinc stock solution (cZn = 1.000 g/l; e.g. Messrs. Kraft)

• DI water
• Nitric acid (65 %), p.A.

Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the permitted limits for
pollutants, including the general regulations for hazardous materials!

Equipment required

• Atomic absorption spectrometer (2100/4100 with control and evaluation unit, e.g.
Messrs. Perkin Elmer or equivalent type)
• Burner: air/acetylene single-slit burner head (e.g. Messrs. Perkin Elmer)
• Heater plate

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Standards:
0.5 mg/l Zn: 0.25 ml of zinc standard solution and 5 ml of 5 M nitric acid are to be pipetted into a 500 ml
flask then filled up to the mark with DI water and mixed thoroughly.

1.0 mg/l Zn: 0.50 ml of zinc standard solution and 10 ml of 5 M nitric acid are to be pipetted in to a 500 ml
flask then filled up to the mark with DI water and mixed thoroughly.

Operating conditions:

Perkin Elmer 2100/4100

Lamp current 30 mA Gas mixture air/acetylene

Calibration Peak height Fuel flow 2.0 l/min
Integration time 1.0 s Oxidant flow 6.0 l/min
Replicates 3 Wavelength 213.8 nm
Background correction D2-lamp Slit 0.7 nm

Varian AA280FS

Lamp current 7 mA Gas mixture air/acetylene

Calibration Peak height Fuel flow 2.0 l/min
Integration time 1.0 s Oxidant flow 6.0 l/min
Replicates 10 Wavelength 213.8 nm
Background correction none Slit 0.7 nm
Calibration New-rational Delay 30 sec

Please consult the instruction manual provided by the manufacturer of the AAS
system, for information on the individual parameters such as the flame, the slit
width, the integration period, etc.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Procedure

If the sample gets turbid, it must be filtered prior to measurement.

•
**
1.0 ml sample are pipetted into a 50 ml volumetric flask. After addition of
• about 2 ml nitric acid it will be topped up to the required level with DI water and mixed thoroughly
(dilution factor = 50).
• For determination of the zinc content, this solution must be further diluted in a ratio of
1 : 500 with DI water prior to measurement (dilution factor = 25,000)

For the operational range please refer to the Datasheet and chose dilution accordingly!
If the sample absorbance is out of the calibrated range another dilution has to be chosen!

Evaluation

Evaluation is carried out by an external calibration via the software.

Example:

Dilution factor : 25,000; zinc concentration measured by AAS: 0.4 mg/l.

Calculation:

0.4 mg/l × 25,000 = 10.0 g/l zinc

* Unless otherwise stated, these are always analytical grade substances.

** Volumes given exact to a decimal point must be measured with a volumetric pipette.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Version: 02
Determination of Iron by F-AAS
Doc.-No.: EXT-0176-AA-02

Principle:

The solution will be atomized and afterwards the extinction will be measured in an air/acetylene flame at the
corresponding wavelength. Evaluation is carried out by an external calibration using aqueous standard
solutions.

Reagents required*:

• Iron stock solution (cFe = 1.000 g/l; e.g. Messrs. Kraft)

• DI water
• Nitric acid (65 %), p.A.

Be sure to observe all local regulations concerning the permitted limits for
pollutants, including the general regulations for hazardous materials!

Equipment required

• Atomic absorption spectrometer (2100/4100 with control and evaluation unit, e.g.
Messrs. Perkin Elmer or equivalent type)
• Burner: air/acetylene single-slit burner head (e.g. Messrs. Perkin Elmer)
• Heater plate

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Operating conditions:

Perkin Elmer 2100/4100

Lamp current 30 mA Gas mixture air/acetylene

Calibration Peak height Fuel flow 1.8 l/min
Integration time 1.0 s Oxidant flow 7.5 l/min
Replicates 3 Wavelength 248.3 nm
Background correction D2-lamp Slit 0.2 nm

Varian AA 280FS

Lamp current 10 mA Gas mixture air/acetylene

Signal Signal height Fuel flow 2.0 l/min
Integration time 1.0 s Oxidant flow 13.5 l/min
Replicates 10 Wavelength 248.3 nm
Background correction OFF Slit 0.8 nm
Calibration New-Rational Delay 30 sec

Please consult the instruction manual provided by the manufacturer of the AAS
system, for information on the individual parameters such as the flame, the slit
width, the integration period, etc.

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EcoTri HC2
Cr (VI) free passivation for zinc and zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance Doc.-No.: 1035

Calibration

Standards Iron S1 = 2.0 mg/l S2 = 4.0 mg/l

1 ml HNO3 conc. is added to 100 ml standard solution each.

The dilution ratio depends on the iron or zinc concentration of the solution to be analyzed. Due to the
influence of the matrix, however, the solution must be diluted at a ratio of at least 1 : 10 in any case. With
„normal“ working conditions the following dilution ratios are recommend:

Determination of Iron 1 : 25 to 1 : 50

If the sample gets turbid, it must be filtered prior to measurement.

•
**
1.0 ml sample are pipetted into a 50 ml volumetric flask. After addition of
• about 2 ml nitric acid it will be topped up to the required level with DI water and mixed thoroughly
(dilution factor = 50).
• It is now possible to directly determine the iron content by AAS without further dilution.

For the operational range please refer to the Datasheet and chose dilution accordingly!
If the sample absorbance is out of the calibrated range another dilution has to be chosen!

Evaluation

Evaluation is carried out by an external calibration via the software.

Example

ContentIron(mg/l) = AAS contentIron(mg/l) x Dilution Factor

Calculation

Measured Value: 0.8 mg/L Fe

ContentIron(mg/l) = 0.8 mg/l x 50 = 40 mg/l

* Unless otherwise stated, these are always analytical grade substances.

** Volumes given exact to a decimal point must be measured with a volumetric pipette.

This sheet shall serve for your information. The content of the sheet is based on our best Atotech Deutschland GmbH
knowledge. We do not undertake any duty to advise. The contents of the sheet shall not P.O. Box: 21 07 80
be considered as an agreement on condition and quality of the goods delivered. 10507 Berlin, Germany
The decision to use our products for its production purposes is the responsibility of our Erasmusstraße 20
customer. We can accept liability only for the quality of our products at delivery. If 10553 Berlin, Germany
difficulties arise in the application of our products, we propose that you contact our phone +49 (0) 30 349 85 0
technical service department. fax +49 (0) 30 349 85 777

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