Lesson - 9

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S
(a) Negation ‘na’ (not)
(b) Question ‘api/apu nu’/ kiṃ

(a) a - 1+ a - 1 = ā -2
Na + ahaṃ = nāhaṃ
IP
(b) a + ā = ā
Na + āgacchāmi = āgacchāmi

1. Ahaṃ tatra na gacchāmi. I do not go there. I am not going there.

Mayaṃ tatra na gacchāma. We do not go there. We are not going there.
1. Ahaṃ tatra na gacchissāmi. I will not go there.
1. Mayaṃ tatra na gacchissāma. We will not go there.
D
2. So idha na āgacchatu. He may not come here. May he not come here. Don't
let him come here.
3. Te idha na āgacchantu. They may not come here. May they not come here.
Don’t let them come here.
4. Tvaṃ evaṃ na kareyyāsi. You may not do thus. You might not do thus. You
should not do thus. You would not do thus.
5. Tumhe evaṃ na kareyyātha.
6. Ahaṃ evaṃ na akariṃ. I did not do thus.
7. Mayaṃ evaṃ na akarimhā. We did not do thus.
2. Question; api/ api nu/ kiṃ
(a)api/ api nu/ kiṃ + sentence = ?
(b) sentence + kiṃ = ?

(a) So idha āgacchati. He comes here.

Api so idha āgacchati.? Does he come here?
Api nu so idha āgacchati?

S
Kiṃ so idha āgacchati?
So idha āgacchati kiṃ?

(b) Tvaṃ tatra gacchasi. You go there.

Api tvaṃ tatra gacchasi? Do you go there?
IP
Api nu tvaṃ tatra gacchasi?
Kiṃ tvaṃ tatra gacchasi?
Tvaṃ tatra gacchasi kiṃ? Do you go there

Four parts of speech in Pali

1. Nāma - noun = ahaṃ, mayaṃ, tvaṃ, tumhe, so, te
2. Ākhyāta - verb = vasati
D
3. Nipāta - indeclinable / mā / na
4. Upasagga - prefix

1. Apāya = apa (out of )+ aya (merit) = out of merit

2. Abhidhamma = abhi (over) + dhamma = abhidhamma
Vinaya = 21000
Suttanta = 21000 + 42000
Adhidhamma = 42000
3. Niraya = nir (out of ) + aya (happiness)
4. Nibbāna = nir + vāna > bāna = nirbāna > nibbāna
5. Dujjana = dur (bad) + jana (man) = dur jana > dujjana (bad man)
 6. Duggati = dur (bad) + gati (state) = duggati (bad or unpappy state after
death)
7. Sujana = su (good )+ jana (man) = good man
8. Dujjana
9. Duggati = dur (bad) + gati (state) = bad or happy state
_____________________
Prefix + noun
Abhi + dhamma
Vi + naya = vinaya
Vi + passanā
_______________
Gacchati (to go)

S
Prefix + verb = apagacchati (to go away)
1. Nisīdati
Ni (down) + sīdati (sink) = nisīdati (to sit down)
2. Uggacchati (to rise)
Ud (up) + gacchati (to go) = uggacchati (to go up, to rise)
IP
3. Ogacchati
O (down) + gacchati (to go) = ogacchati (to go down)

Verbs from lesson - 1

(1) vasati (to dwell)
(2) gacchati (to go)
(3) tiṭṭhati (to stand)
D
(4) uṭṭhahati (to get up)
(5) ut-tiṭṭhati (to stand, to get up)
(6) nisīdati (to sit down)
(7) āgacchati (to come )
(8) sayati (to lie down)
(9) apagacchati (to go away)
______________________
Verbs lesson - 2
(1) pāpuṇāti (to approach, to attain)
(2) jināti (to conquer)
(3) suṇāti (to listen to)
 (4) jānāti (to know)
(5) cināti (to collect, pile up, heap up)
(6) tanoti (to spread)
(7) pappoti (approach)
_________________________

Verbs from lesson - 4

(1) vasati (to dwell)
(2) kasati (to plough)
(3) eti (to come)
(4) vapati (to sow)
(5) jināti (to conquer)

S
(6) bhāveti (to develop)
(7) ghāyati (to smell)
(8) sāyati (to taste)
(9) phusati (to touch)
(10) cinteti (to think)
IP
(11) suṇāti (to listen to)
(12) tanoti (to spread)
________________________
(a) Tiṭṭhati (to stand)
(b) Ud √tiṭṭhati = uttiṭṭhati (dt> tt) (to stand)
1. Dhātvatthāunvattaka upasāra - the prefix that follows the sense of root.
Vattati / saṃvatti
D
2. dhvātvatthavisesaka upasāra = the prefix that qualifies the meaning of the
root or verb
3. Dhātvatthabādhaka =
(c) ud + gacchati (to go up)

Dāna = ādāna
Gacchati(to go) = āgacchati (to come)
Jeti (to conquer) = parājeti (
 Three kinds of prefix
___________________________
1. The prefix that qualifies the meaning of the word it prefixe
Verb
(a) gacchati (to go) = ud + gacchati > uggacchati (dg> gg)
Ud (up) + gacchati = (to go up)
(b) loketi (to look) = ulloketi (to look up)
= ud + loketi > ulloketi (dl> ll)
= oloketi (to look down)
= ava > o + loketi =
(c) Vandāmi (to pay homage) = abhivandāmi (to pay homage
greatly)

S
Noun
(d) Jana =dujjana /sujana
Dur (bad) + jana (people) = bad people
Su (good) + ja (man) = sujanta (good man)
(e) gati = duggati/sugati
IP
dur + gati = duggati (rg> gg)
Duggati = bad existence
(f) gandha =duggandha/sugandha
Dur + gandha = duggandha
Bad smell

2. The prefix that alters the meaning of the word it prefix

D
(a) gacchati (to go) = āgacchati (to come)
(b) jeti (to conquer) = parājeti (to lose)
(c) bhavati (to increase) = parābhavati (to decrease)

(d) dāna (giving) = ādāna (taking)

(e) dhamma =uddhamma
(f) vinaya =dubbinaya
3. The prefix that emphases the meaning of the word it prefix

(a) labhati (to attain) = paṭilabhati (to attain)

(b) vedeti (to experience) = saṃvedeti (to experience)
 (c) vijjati (to have) = saṃvijjati (to have)
(d) phassa (contect) = samphassa (contect)

Verbal base + verbal termination = verb

Group of the verb

1. First group of the verb- first conjugational sign ‘a’

S
Verbal base + verbal termination = verb
Root + conjugational sign = verbal base
Root + conjugational sign + verbal termination = verb

(a) vasati (to live)

IP
Vasa = verbal base
√vas + a + ti = vasati
(b) nisīdati (to sit)
Nisīda = base
Ni √sad > sīd + a + ti = nisīdati
(c) kasati (to plough)
Kasa
D
√kas + a + ti = kasati
(d) vapati (to sow)
Vapa
√vap + a + ti = vapati
(e) gacchati (to go)
Gaccha
√gam > cch + a + ti = gacchati
(f) apagacchati (to go away)
Apa √gam > cch + a + ti = apagacchati / apa + aya = apāya
 2. Second group of the verb - second conjugational sign ‘(ṃ) - a
(a) Bhuñjati (to eat)
Bhuñja
√bhu (ṃ) j +a + ti = bhuṃjati > bhuñjati
(b) Yuñjati (to make effort)
Yuñja
√yu (ṃ) j +a + ti = yuṃjati > yuñjati
(c) Bhindati (to break)
Bhinda
√bhi (ṃ) d + a + ti = bhiṃdati >bhindati
(d) chindati (to cut)
Chinda

S
√chi (ṃ) d + a + ti = chiṃdati > chindati
(e) Limpati (to smear)
Limpa
√li (ṃ) p + a + ti = liṃpati > limpati
IP
(a) Ṃ > ṅ + k, kh, g, gh ṇ
(b) ṃ > ñ + c, ch , j, jh, ñ
(c) ṃ > ṇ + ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ
(d) ṃ > n + t, th, d, dh, n
(e) ṃ > m + p, ph, b, bh, m

3. Third group of the verb - third conjugational sign ‘ya’

D
(a) Gāyati (to sing)
Gāya
√gā + ya + ti
(b) Ghāyati (to smell)
√ghā + ya + ti
(c) Sāyati (to taste)
√sad > sā + ya + ti
(d) jāyati (to be born)
√jan > jā + ya + ti
 (e) Vijjati (to know)
√vid + ya + ti = vidyati > vijjati
What did you do?
(f) Naccati (to dance)
√nat + ya + ti = naccati / Nice to meet you (ty)!

4. Fourth group of the verb- fourth conjugational sign ‘nu/nā/ unā’

(a) Suṇoti (to listen)
Suṇo = verbal base
√su + nu > no + ti = suṇoti
(b) Suṇāti (to listen)

S
Suṇā = verbal base
√su + nā + ti = suṇāti
(c) Pappoti (to attain)
Pappo = verbal base
Pa + √ap + nu + ti = pappoti (pn> pp)
IP
(d) Sakkoti (to be able)
Sakko = verbal base
√sak + nu> no + ti = saknoti >sakkoti
(e) Pāpuṇāti (to attain)
Pāpuṇā =
Pa √ap + unā + ti = pāpunāti > pāpuṇāti
(f) Sakkunāti (to be able)
D
Sakkunā = verbal base
√sak + unā + ti = sakunāti > sakkunāti

5. Fifth group of the verb - fifth conjugational sign ‘nā’

(a) Kiṇāti (to buy)
Kiṇā = verbal base
√kī + nā + ti = kiṇāti
(b) Jināti (to conquer)
Jinā = verbal base
√ji + nā + ti =jināti
 (c) Jānāti (to know)
Jānā = verbal base
√jā + nā + ti = jānāti
(d) Cināti (to collect)
Cinā = verbal base
√ci + nā + ti = cināti

6. Sixth group of the verb - sixth conjugational sign ‘o’

(a) Karoti (to do)
Karo
√kar + o + ti = karoti
(b) tanoti (to spread)

S
Tano
√tan + o + ti = tanoti
(c) Jāgaroti (to wake up)
Jāgaro
√jāgar + o + ti = jāgaroti
IP
(d) Vanoti (to bind)
Vano
√van + o + ti = vanoti

7. Seventh group of the verb - seventh conjugational sign ‘e/aya’

I ī > e + e/aya
U /ū > o + e/aya
D
(a) deseti (to expound)
Dese
√dis > des + e + ti = deseti
(b) desayati (to expound)
Desaya
√dis > des + aya + ti = desayati
(a) Coreti (to steal)
Core
√cur > cor + e + ti = coreti
 (b) corayati (to steal)
Cor-aya
√cur > cor + aya + ti = corayati
(c) Cinteti (to think)
Cinte
√cint + e + ti = cinteti /cint+ ta= cintta >citta
(d) cintayati (to think)
Cintaya
√cint + aya + ti = cintayati
1. ‘A’: vasati
2. (ṃ) a: bhuñjati
3. Ya: vijjati

S
4. Nu >o, nā, unā
5. Nā
6. O
7. E, aya: desayati
Base:
IP
1. A: 1st, 2nd, 3rd 7th ‘aya
2. Ā: 4th nā, unā, 5th nā
3. E: 7th
4. O: 4th/ 6th

Gerund form
1.
D
2. Verbal base +(i) +tvā =gerund
Vasa + (i) + tvā = vasitvā (having lived / after living)
Kasa + (i) + tvā = kasitvā (having ploughed, after ploughing)
Vapa + (i) + tvā = vapitvā (having sewn, after sowing)
Bhuñja + (i) + tvā = bhuñjitvā (having eaten, after eating)
Gaccha + (i) + tvā = gacchitvā (having gone, after going)
Vada + (i) + tvā = vaditvā (having said, after saying)
3. Root + (i) + tvā = gerund
√bhuj + tvā = bhujtvā = bhutvā
√gam + tvā = gantvā =
√vad + tvā = vadtvā > vattvā > vatvā (having said, after saying
 4. Verbal base or root with prefix + ya = gerund
Nisīda
Ni √sad + ya = nisadya > nisajja (dy> jj)
Āgaccha
Ā √gam + ya = āgamya > āgamma (having come, after
coming)

Infinitive form
1. Verbal base + (i) + tuṃ = infinitive
Vasa + (i) + tuṃ = vasituṃ (to live)
Kasa + (i) + tuṃ = kasituṃ (to plough)
Vapa + (i) + tuṃ = vapituṃ (to sow)

S
Bhuñja (i) + tuṃ = bhuñjituṃ (to eat)
Karo + (i) + tuṃ = karituṃ (to do)
2. Root + tuṃ = infinitive
√bhuj + tuṃ = bhuttuṃ (jt> tt) / bhottuṃ (to eat)
√kar + tuṃ = kattuṃ (rt> tt) / kātuṃ
IP
_____________________________________________________________
11-3-2024

1. A
√dhāv + a + ti = dhāvati (to run)
√kas + a + ti = kasati (to plough)
√pav + a + ti = vapati (to sow)
D
2. (ṃ) + a
√bhu (ṃ) j + a + ti = bhuṃjati > bhuñjati (to eat)
√bhi (ṃ) d + a + ti= bhiṃdati > bhindati (to break)
3. Ya
√ghā + ya + ti = ghāyati (to smell)
√vid + ya + ti = vijjati (to know)
√nat + ya + ti = naccati (to dance) (ty> cc)
4. Nu, nā, unā
√su + nu > no + ti = sunoti > suṇoti
√su + nā + ti = sunāti (to listen)
√sak + unā + ti = sakkunāti
5. Nā
√kī + nā + ti = kināti > kiṇāti (to buy)
√ji + nā + ti i =
6. O
√kar + o + ti = karoti (to do)
√tan + o + ti = tanoti (to spread)
√jāgar + o + ti = jāgaroti (to wake up)
7. E, aya
I ī > e + e, aya
U ū> o + e, ya
√dis > des+ e + ti = deseti (to expound)
√cur + e + ti = coreti (to steal)

S
____________________
Gerund
(a) Verbal base + (i) + tvā = gerund
Vasati (to live)
Vasa + (i) + tvā = vasitvā (having lived, after living)
IP
Bhuñjati
Bhuñja + (i) + tvā = bhuñjitvā (having eaten, after eating)
Nisīdati
Nisīda + (i) + tvā = nisīditvā (having sat, after sitting)
(b) Root + (i) + tvā =gerund
√bhuj + tvā = bhuttvā > bhutvā
Aggi > aggy+ āgāraṃ = aggyāgāraṃ >
D
(c) Verbal base or root with prefix + ya
Ni √sad + ya = nisadya > nisajja
_______________________

Infinitive
(a) Verbal base + (i) + tuṃ = infinitive
Vasati
Vasa + (i) + tuṃ = vasituṃ (to live)
Bhuñja + (i) + tuṃ = bhuñjituṃ (to eat)
Nisīda + (i) + tuṃ = nisīdituṃ (to sit)
 (b) Root + (i) + tuṃ = infinitive
√bhuj + tuṃ = bhuttuṃ > bhottuṃ
____________
Gacchati (to go)
√gam + tvā = gamtvā > gantvā
√gam + tuṃ = gantuṃ
Verbs
1. Vasati = နေ၏ / (to live)
√vas ဓာတ် + a ပစ္စည်း + ti ဝိ ဘတ်
_________
Vasitvā = နေ၍ having lived / after living
Vasituṃ - နေခြင်းငှါ ၊ နေရန် to live

S
2. Gacchati
3. Tiṭṭhati
4. Uṭṭhahati
5. Uṭṭhāti
IP
6. Nisīdati
7. Āgacchati
8. Sayati (to sleep)
√si > e > ay + a + ti
Saya + (i) + tvā = sayitvā (having slept, after sleeping)
Saya + (i) +tuṃ = sayituṃ (to sleep)
D
9. Apagacchati
10.Pāpunāti (to attain)
Pāpunā + (i) + tvā = pāpunitvā (having attained, after attaining)
Pāpunā + (i) + tuṃ = pāpunituṃ (to attain)

11.Pappoti
12.Uggacchati
13.Jānāti
14.Jināti
15.Suṇāti
16.Coreti
 17.Rodati
18.Rodati
19.Bhāveti
20.Bhavati
21.Cādeti
22.Tanoti
23.Cināti
24.Eti
25.Kasati
26.Vapati
27.Passati
28.Vadati

S
29.Ghāyati
30.Sāyati
31.Phusati
32.Cinteti
33.Kiṇāti
IP
34.Vikkiṇāti
35. Deseti
36.Pacati
37.Bhuñjati
38.Daṇḍayati
39.Dhāvati
40.Karoti
D
41.Hanti
42.Hanati
43.Anusāsati
44.Jīvati
45.pivati

Model Sentences:
1. So tatra gantvā idha āgacchati.
= so - 3rd.sg. He
= tatra -dem.adv. there
= gantvā - gerund of the gacchati. Having gone, after going
 = idha - dem. Adv. here
= āgacchati - pre. 3rd. Sg comes

** so tatra gacchati. He goes there.

** so idha āgacchati. He comes here.
** so tatra gacchati idha āgacchati.
** so tatra gantvā idha āgacchati.
(a) He goes there and comes here.
(b) Having gone there, he comes here.
(c) After going there, he comes here.

Pubbakāle’kakattukānaṃ tuna, tvāna, tvā.

S
___________________________________
Ā √gaṃ + a + ti
Āgantvā / āgamya > āgamma
Āgantuṃ
IP
2. So tatra gantvā idha āgacchissati.
** so tatra gacchissati.
** so idha āgacchissati.

(a) He will go there and come here.

(b) Having gone there, he will come here.
(c) After going there, he will come here
D
3. So tatra gantvā idha āgacchi.
** so tatra gacchi.
** so idha āgacchi.
(a) He went there and came here.
(b) Having gone there, he came here.
(c) After going there, he came here.

a. Translate into english

1. So tatra nisīditvā tato uṭṭhāti.
(a) So tatra nisīdati. He sits there.
(b) So tato uṭṭhāti. He gets up from there.
(c) So tatra nisīdati tato uṭṭhāti. He sits there and gets up from there

= so - 3rd.sg. He
= tatra -dem. Adv. there
= nisīditvā - geurnd of the nisīdati. Having sat, after sitting
= tato - dem. From there
= uṭṭhāti -pre.3rd.sg gets up

Nisīdati
Nisīda +(i) + tvā = nisīditvā

S
______________________
IP
D

2. Mayaṃ ajja idha vasitvā suve tahiṃ gacchissāma.

(a) We, having lived here today, will go there tomorrow.
(b) We, after living here today, will go there tomorrow.
(c) We will live here today and go there tomorrow.

(u phoy zaw thet)

= mayaṃ - 1st. Pl. we
= ajja - ind. Today
= idha - dem. Adv. here.
= vasitvā - gerund of the vasati. Vasa + (i) + tvā = having lived, after
living
= suve - ind. Tomorrow
= tahiṃ - dem. Adv. there
= gacchissāma - future tense. 1st. Pl. will go
** mayaṃ ajja idha vasissāma.
We will live here today.
** mayaṃ suve tahiṃ gacchissāma.
We will go there tomorrow.

S
** mayaṃ ajja idha vasissāma suve tahiṃ gacchissāma.
*** mayaṃ ajja idha vasitvā suve tahiṃ gacchissāma.

3. Ahaṃ bhuñjitvā sayituṃ na icchāmi.

(a) Having eaten, I do not want to sleep.
IP
(b) After eating, I do not want to sleep.
(c) I eat and do not want to sleep.

(daw seinn mya mya)

= ahaṃ - 1st. Sg. I
= bhuñjitvā - gerund of the bhuñjati. Bhuñja + (i) + tvā = bhuñjitvā
Having eaten, after eating
D
= sayituṃ - infinitive of the sayati. Saya + (i) + tuṃ = sayituṃ (to sleep)
= na - ind. Not
= icchāmi. Present tense. 1st. Sg. want
** ahaṃ bhuñjāmi
** ahaṃ sayituṃ na icchāmi
** ahaṃ bhuñjāmi sayituṃ na icchāmi

4. Kadā tvaṃ desetuṃ tatra gacchissasi?

When will you go there to expound?
(u agung phe naing)
= kadā - inter. Adv. when
= tvaṃ - 2nd.sg. You
= desetuṃ - infinitive of the deseti. Dese + (i) + tuṃ = desetuṃ
= tatra - dem. Adv. there.
= gacchissasi - future. 2nd.sg. Will

5. Tvaṃ āgantvā idha vasāhi.

(ma zar ni lwin)
Having come, you may stay here or may you stay here or let you stay
here or stay here.

= tvaṃ - 2nd. Sg. you

S
= āgantvā - gerund of āgacchati. Ā √gam + tvā = āgamtvā > āgantvā
Having come, after coming
= idha - here. Dem.adv.
= vasāhi - imper. 2nd.sg.
IP
** tvaṃ āgacchāhi.
** tvaṃ idha vasāhi.
** tvaṃ āgacchāhi idha vasāhi.
D

6. Te kasitvā bhuñjituṃ idha āgacchiṃsu.

(daw sandar win)
They came here to eat, having ploughed.

= te - 3rd.pl. they
= kasitvā - gerund of kasati. Kasa + (i) + tvā = kasitvā
Having ploughed, after ploughing
= bhuñjituṃ - infinitive of the bhuñjati. Bhuñja + (i) + tuṃ (to eat)
= idha - dem. Adv. here.
= āgacchiṃsu - past. 3rd. Pl. came.

7. Mayaṃ idāni atra bhutvā vapituṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.

(a) Having eaten here now, we will —
(b) After eating here now, we..
(c) We will eat here now and go there to sow.

(daw kumārī)
= mayaṃ -1st.pl. we.

S
= idāni - ind. Now
= atra - dem. here
= bhutvā - gerund of the bhuñjati. √bhuj + tvā = bhujtvā > bhuttvā
Bhutvā - having eaten / after eating
= vapituṃ - infinitive of vapati (to sow)/ vapa + (i) + tuṃ
IP
= tahiṃ - dem. Adv. there.
= gacchissāma - future. 1st. Pl.
** mayaṃ indāni atra bhuñjissāma.
We will eat here now.
** mayaṃ vapituṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.
We will go there to sow.
** mayaṃ idāni atra bhuñjissāma vapituṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.
D

8. Te atra coretvā ito dhāvitvā tatra pāpuniṃsu.

They, after stealing here and running from here, reached there.

(daw lai lai khaing)

= te - 3rd. Pl. they
= atra - dem.adv. here
= coretvā - gerund of coreti. Core + tvā
Having stolen, after stealing
= ito - from here
= dhāvitvā - gerund of dhāvati. Dhāva + (i) + tvā
Having run, after running
= tatra - dem. Adv. there
= pāpuniṃsu. past . 3rd. Pl. attained / reached

9. So vikkiṇituṃ ito gantvā, tato kiṇitvā idha āgacchi.

(a) He went from here to sell, bought from there and came here.
(b) Having gone from here to sell and bought from there, he came here.

S
(c) After going from here to sell and buying from there, he came here.
= so - 3rd.sg. He
= vikkiṇituṃ - infinitive of vikkiṇāti. Vikkiṇā + (i) + tuṃ (to sell)
= ito - dem. From here
= gantvā - gerun of gacchati / √gam + tvā = gantvā
IP
Having gone, after going
= tato - dem. Adv. from there
= kiṇitvā - gerun of kiṇāti / kiṇā + (i) + tvā = kiṇitvā
Having bought, after buying
= idha - dem. Here
= āgacchi - past. 3rd.sp.
** so vikkiṇituṃ ito gacchi.
D
** so tato kiṇi.
** so idha āgacchi.
*** so vikkiṇituṃ ito gacchi, tato kiṇi idha āgacchi.
 10.Sace so coretvā idha āgaccheyya, ahaṃ daṇḍayissāmi. (u aung p n)
(a) So diha āgaccheyya.
He should come here or he would come here or he may come here or
he might come here.
(b) Ahaṃ daṇḍayissāmi. (daṇḍayati - to punish)
I will punish.
Coretvā = gerund of the coreti (to steal)

(c) so coretvā idha āgaccheyya.

1) So coreyya.
He should steal or he would steal or he may steal or he might steal.
2) So idha āgaccheyya.

S
3) So coreyya idha āgaccheyya. So coretvā idha āgaccheya
He would steal and come here.

= sace -if. Ind

= so - 3rd. Sg. he
IP
= coretvā - gerund of the coreti. Having stolen or after stealing
= idha - dem. Adv. here
= āgaccheyya - opt. 3rd.sg. Would come
= ahaṃ - 1st. Sg. I
= daṇḍayissāmi - future 1st sg. Will punish
Tras: if he would steal and come here / if he, having stolen or after
stealing, would come here, I will punish.
D
11.Sace tumhe tato āgamma idha vaseyyātha, mayaṃ tatra gantvā
vasituṃ sakkunissāma. (U phyo z th)

(a) Tumhe tato āgamma idha vaseyyātha.

1) Tumhe tato āgaccheyyātha. You would come from there.
2) Tumhe idha vaseyyātha. You would live here.
3) Tumhe tato āgaccheyyātha idha vaseyyātha.
If You would come from there and live here.
 4) Sace tumhe tato āgantvā (āgamma) idha vaseyyātha,
(a) If you, having come from there, would live here
(b) after coming from there, would live here
(c) If you would come from there and live here

(b) Mayaṃ tatra gantvā vasituṃ sakkunissāma.

1) Mayaṃ tatra Gacchissāma.
We will go there.
2) Mayaṃ vasituṃ sakkuṇissāma.
We will be able to live.
3) Mayaṃ tatra gantvā vasituṃ sakkuṇissāma.
(a) We, having gone there, will be able to live.

S
(b) We, after going there, will be able to live.
(c) We will go there and be able to live.
__________________
= sace - ind. If
= tumhe - 2nd. Pl. you
IP
= tato - dem. Adv. from there
= āgamma - gerund of the āgacchati (having come or after coming)
= idha - dem. here
= vaseyyātha - opt. 2nd. Pl. would live
= mayaṃ - 1st pl. We
= tatra - dem. Adv. there
= gantvā - gerund of the gacchati. (having gone or after going)
D
= vasituṃ - infinitive of the vasati. (to live)
= sakkunissāma - future. 1st.pl. Will be able
Trans: if you, having come or after coming from there, would live here,
We would be able to live, having gone there.
12.sace tvaṃ tattha gantvā deseyyāsi, mayaṃ sotuṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.
(daw myint myint shwe)
(a) Tvaṃ tattha gantvā deseyyāsi.
1) tvaṃ tattha gaccheyyāsi.
You would go there.
2) tvaṃ deseyyāsi.
You would expound.
3) tvam tattha gantvā deseyyāsi.
You would go there and expound.

(b) Mayaṃ sotuṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.

We will go there to listen.

S
= sace - if. Ind
= tvaṃ - 2nd. Sg. you
= tattha - dem. Adv. there
= gantvā - gerund of the gacchati. Having gone or after going.
IP
= deseyyāsi - opt. 2nd. Sg. would expound
If you, having gone there, would expound,
______________
= mayaṃ - 1st. Pl. we
= sotuṃ - infinitive of the suṇāti. To listen
= tahiṃ - dem. Adv. there
= gacchissāma - future tense. 1st. Pl will go
D
We will go there to listen.

13.Yadi sā desetuṃ sakkuneyya, suve idha āgaccheyya. (daw khin aye

aye thant)
= yadi - if. Ind
= sā -
= desetuṃ -
= sakkuneyya -
= suve -
= idha -
= āgaccheyya -

14.Tumhe atra āgantvā pacitvā bhuñjitvā ajja idha sayitvā suve tattha
gaccheyyātha. (ma zar ni lwin)
1) tumhe atra āgaccheyyātha = you should come here
2) tumhe paceyyātha = you should cook
3) tumhe bhuñjeyyātha = you should eat
4) tumhe ajja idha sayeyyātha = you would lie down here today
5) tumhe suve tattha gaccheyyātha = you go there tomorrow
1) tumhe atra āgaccheyyātha = you should come here
2) paceyyātha = cook,
3) bhuñjeyyātha = eat,

S
4) ajja idha sayeyyātha = lie down here today, and
5) suve tattha gaccheyyātha = go there tomorrow

1) tumhe atra āgantvā = you should come here

2) pacitvā = cook,
IP
3) bhuñjitvā = eat,
4) ajja idha sayitvā = lie down here today, and
5) suve tattha gaccheyyātha = go there tomorrow

= tumhe -
= atra -
= āgantvā -
D
= pacitvā -
= bhuñjitvā -
= ajja -
= idha -
= sayitvā -
= suve -
= tattha -
= gaccheyyātha -
 15.Tumhe idha nisīditvā mā rodittha, tatra gacchatha, gantvā bhutvā
sayatha. (daw seinn mya mya).
Don’t cry having sat here, go there, lie down having gone and eaten.

(a) Tumhe idha nisīditvā mā rodittha.

don’ t cry after sitting here (having sat)
(b) Tatra gacchatha.
Go there.
(c) Gantvā bhutvā sayatha.
Lie down having gone and eaten.

= tumhe - 2nd. Pl. you

S
= idha - dem. Adv. here
= nisīditvā - gerund of nisīdati (having sat or after sitting)
= mā - do not
= rodittha - past. 2nd. Pl. cry
= tatra - dem. there
IP
= gacchatha - imp. 2nd. Pl go.
= gantvā - gerund of the gacchati (having gone or after going)
= bhutvā - gerund of bhuñjati (having eaten /after eating)
= sayatha - imp. 2nd. Pl. lie down.

b. Translate into Pāli

D
1. If you like to live here, come and stay.
= if - sace /yadi
= you - tvaṃ / tumhe
= like - icchasi/ icchatha
= to live - vasituṃ
= here - idha
—--------------------
= come and = āgantvā
= stay - vasāhi / vasatha
Sace / yadi tvaṃ idha vasituṃ icchasi āgantvā vasāhi.
2. I wish to go there and expound. (u aung ph n)
Ahaṃ tatra gantvā desetuṃ icchāmi.
= I - ahaṃ - 1st.sg
= wish - icchāmi.
= go there and - tatra gantvā
= to expound - desetuṃ

3. We do not go there to buy. (day myint myint swe)

Mayaṃ kiṇituṃ tatra na gacchāma.
= we - mayaṃ. 1st. pl.
= do not go - na gacchāma
= there - tatra. Dem.

S
= to buy - kiṇituṃ

4. They come here and cook and go, you eat and drink and lie down. (daw
lai lai khaing)
IP
(a) They come here and cook and go.
Te idha āgantvā pacitvā gacchanti.
(b) You eat and drink and lie down.
Tumhe bhuñjitvā pivitvā sayatha.

= they - te. 3rd. Pl.

= come here and - idha āgantvā
D
= cook and - pacitvā
= go - gacchanti.
_____________________
= you - tumhe. 2nd.pl
= eat and - bhuñjitvā
= drink and - pivitvā
= lie down - sayatha
5. After ploughing there, they came here. (ma zar ni lwin)
Te tatra kasitvā idha āgacchiṃsu / āgacchuṃ.

= after ploughing - kasitvā

= there - tatra
= they - te
= came - āgacchiṃsu/ āgacchuṃ
= here - idha

6. We do not like to kill. (daw aggañānī)

Mayaṃ hanituṃ na icchāma.
= we - mayaṃ - 1st.pl

S
= do not like - na icchāma. 1st.pl
= to kill - hanituṃ

7. Yes, I know, you like to steal. ( daw may tint kyi)

Āma, ahaṃ jānāmi, tvaṃ coretuṃ icchasi.
IP
= yes - āma
= I - ahaṃ. 1st.sg
= know - jānāmi. 1st. Sg.
___________
= you - tvaṃ. 2nd. Sg.
= like - icchasi. 2nd. Sg.
D
= to steal - coretuṃ

8. If he wishes to go there, let him go. (daw nu nu yee)

Yadi so tatra gantuṃ icchati, so gacchatu.

= if - sace/ yadi
= he - so. 3rd. Sg.
= wishes - icchati
= to go there - tatra gantuṃ
___________________________
= let him go - so gacchatu
9. They wanted to reach there. (daw kumārī)
Te tatra pāpuṇituṃ icchiṃsu/ icchuṃ.

= they - te. 3rd. pl

= wanted. icchiṃsu
= to reach - pappotuṃ / pāpuṇituṃ
= there - tatra

11.Where will you stay , after going from here? (daw seinn mya may)
tvaṃ ito gantvā kutra vasissasi?

S
= where - kutra / kuhiṃ
= you - tvaṃ. 2nd.sg.
= will stay - vasissasi?
_____________
= after going - gantvā
IP
= from here - ito

12.If you like, stay here. (u phyo z th)

Sace / yadi tvaṃ iccheyyāsi, idha vasāhi (vasa).

= if - sace/yadi
= you - tvaṃ. 2nd.sg
D
= like - iccheyyāsi
______________
= stay - vasāhi (vasa)
= here - idha

13.Do you like to cook? (u aung phe naing)

(a) Api (api nu / kiṃ) tvaṃ pacituṃ icchasi?
(b) Tvaṃ pacituṃ icchasi kiṃ?

= do you like?
= to cook -
 You like to cook. Api / api nu / kiṃ Tvaṃ pacituṃ icchasi

14.He cannot conquer. (He is not able to conquer.) (daw sandar win)
So jinituṃ na sakkoti.
= he - so. 3rd.sg
= is not able - na sakkoti
= to conquer - jinituṃ

15.I can see (I am able to see). (daw aye yee tar)

Ahaṃ passituṃ sakkomi.
= I - ahaṃ.1st.sg / sakya

S
= am able - sakkomi.
= to see - passituṃ

_____________________________
1) Verb / verbal base + verbal termination = verb
IP
Four verbal bases + verbal termination (30) =
a) Present tense; verbal termination
Sl pl
1st mi ma
2nd si tha
3rd ti (a)nti
b) Future tense; verbal termination
D
Sl pl
1st (i)ssāmi (i)ssāma
2nd (i)ssasi (i)ssatha
3rd (i)ssati (i)ssanti
c) Imperative; verbal termination
Sl pl
1st mi ma
2nd hi tha
3rd tu (a)ntu
 d) Optative; verbal termination
Sl pl
1st eyyāmi (emi) eyyāma (ema)
2nd eyyāsi (esi) eyyātha (etha)
3rd eyya (e) eyyuṃ

e) Past tense; verbal termination

Sl pl
1st iṃ imhā (imha)
2nd o, i ittha
3rd i iṃsu, uṃ
_____________________________________________________

S
Four part of speech in Pali
1) Verb (ākhyāta) = gacchāmi dhāvāmi
2) Noun (nāma) = ahaṃ mayaṃ tvaṃ tumhe so te
3) Prefix (upasagga) = ud + gacchati = uggacchati
4) Indeclinable (nipāta) = api, nu, mā, na
IP
_____________________________________________________

2) Verbal form; gerund and infinitive

a) How to form a gerund?
1) Verbal base + (i) + tvā = gerund
(a) Bhuñja + (i) + tvā = bhuñjitvā (having eaten or after eating)
(b) Vada + (i) + tvā = vaditvā (having said or after saying)
D
(c) Nisīda +(i) + tvā = nisīditvā (having sat or after sitting)
(d) Karo + (i) + tvā = karitvā (having done or after doing)
2) Root + (i) + tvā = gerund
(a) √bhuj + tvā = bhuttvā (jt> tt) > bhutvā
(b) √vad + tvā = vattvā (dt >tt) > vatvā
(c) √kar + tvā = kattvā (rt> tt) > katvā
3) Verbal base or root with prefix + ya = gerund
(a) Ādā + ya = ādāya (having taken or after taking)
(b) Uṭṭhā + ya = uṭṭhāya (having got up or after getting up)
(c) Āgacchati / ā √gam + ya = āgamya > āgamma (my> mm)
(d) Nisīdati / ni √sad + ya = nisadya > nisajja (dy> jj)
How to form an infinitive
1) Verbal base + (i) + tuṃ = infinitive
(a) Bhuñja + (i) + tuṃ = bhuñjituṃ (to eat)
(b) Vada + (i) + tuṃ = vadituṃ (to say)
(c) Karo + (i) + tuṃ = karituṃ (to do)
2) Root + (i) + tuṃ
(a) √bhuj + tuṃ = bhottuṃ (u > o, jt> tt) (to eat)
(b) √vad + tuṃ = vattuṃ (dt > tt) (to say)
(c) √kar + tuṃ = kattuṃ (rt> tt) / kātuṃ (to do)
______________________________
Root + tvā = gerund
Root + tuṃ = infinitive

S
________________________________

1) Verbal base + verbal termination = verb

2) Root + conjugational sign + verbal termination = verb
Seven conjugational signs
IP
_____________________
1) A
2) (ṃ) a
3) Ya
4) Nu, nā unā
5) Nā
6) O
D
7) E , aya
_________________
Seven groups of the verbs
1. First group of the verb = is formed by adding first con.sign
(a) √vas + a + ti = vasati (to live)
(b) √dhāv + a + ti = dhāvati (to run)
Vuddhi = a > ā, i ī > e, u ū > o
I) avudddhika
(a) √ruh + a + ti = ruhati (to grow
(b) √rud + a + ti = rudati (to cry)
(c) √pac + a + ti = pacati (to cook)

II) savuddhika
(a) √ruh + a + ti = rohati (to grow)

S
(b) √rud + a + ti = rodati (to cry)
(c) √suc + a + ti = socati (to grief )
(d) √mud + a + ti = modati (to be happy)

2. Second group of the verb = is formed by adding second. sign

IP
(a) √bhu (ṃ) j + a + ti = bhuñjati
(b) √bhi (ṃ) d + a + ti = bhindati (to break)
(c) √yu (ṃ > ñ) j + a + ti = yuñjati (to make effort)
(d) √chi (ṃ > n ) d + a + ti = chindati (to cut)

3. Third group of the verb

(a) √ghā + ya + ti = ghāyati (to smell)
D
(b) √gā + ya + ti = gāyati (to sing)
(c) √budh + ya + ti = bujjhati (to know) (dhy> jjh)
(d) √nat + ya + ti = naccati (ty> cc)
Nice to meet you! (ty)
4. Fourth group of the verb
(a) √su (sk. Śru > ssu ) + nu > no > ṇo + ti = suṇoti
(b) √su + nā + ti = suṇāti
(c) √sak + unā + ti = sakkunāti
5. Fifth group of the verb
(a) √kī + nā + ti = kiṇāti
 6. Sixth group of the verb
(a) √kar + o + ti = karoti (to do)
(b) √tan + o + ti = tanoti (to spread)
(c) √jāgar + o + ti = jāgaroti (to wake up)

7. Seventh group of the verb = e, aya

A > ā, i ī > e, u ū > o + e /aya
(a) √dis + e + ti = deseti
(b) √dis + aya + ti = desayati (to expound)
(c) √chad + e + ti = chādeti (to cover up)
(d) √cur + e + ti = coreti (to steal)
(e) √cur + aya + ti = corayati

S
_______________
Root ending in ‘ā’
(a) √dā + (a) > - + ti = dāti (to give)
(b) √dā + ti =dāti
(c) √ṭhā + (a) > - + ti = ṭhāti (to stand)
IP
(d) √ṭhā + ti = ṭhāti
(e) √pā + (a) > - + ti = pāti (to protect)
(f) √pā + ti = pāti

(vikaraṇapaccaya)

Verbs in lesson - 9
D
1. Vasati
√vas + a + ti = vasati (to live)
Vasa + (i) + tvā = vasitvā (having lived or after living)
Vasa + (i) + tuṃ = vasituṃ (to live)
2. Gacchati
√gam + a + ti = gacchati (m> cch) (to go)
√gam + (-) +tvā = gantvā (having gone or after going)
√gam + (-) + tuṃ = gantuṃ (to go)
3. Tiṭṭhati
√ṭhā Sk √sthā > ṭṭhā
(ti) √sthā > ṭṭhā + ti = tiṭṭhati (to stand)
 √ṭhā > tiṭṭha + ti = tiṭṭhati
√ṭhā + (i) + tvā = ṭhātvā (having stood or after standing)
√ṭhā + tuṃ = ṭhātuṃ (to stand)
4. Uṭṭhahati

5. Uṭṭhāti
Ud √ṭhā + ti = uṭṭhāti (to get up or to stand up) (dṭh > ṭṭh)
Uṭṭhā + ya = uṭṭhāya (having got up or after getting up)
Uṭṭhā + tuṃ = uṭṭhātuṃ (to get up or to stand up)

6. Nisīdati
Ni √sad > sīd + a + ti = nisīdati (to sit)

S
Nisīda + (i) + tvā = nisīditvā
Ni √sad + ya = nisajja (dy> jj) (having sat or after sitting)
Nisīda + (i) + tuṃ = nisīdituṃ (to sit)
7. Āgacchati
Ā √gam + a + ti = āgacchati (to come)
IP
Ā √gam + tvā = āgantvā
Ā √gam + ya = āgamma (having come o
8. Sayati (to sleep)
** i ī > e > ay + a
√si + a + ti = sayati (to sleep) (si > se > say + a)
√ji + a + ti = jayati (to conquer) (ji > je > jay + a)
√nī + a + ti = nayati (to lead) (nī > ne > nay + a)
D
Saya + (i) + tvā = sayitvā (having slept or after sleeping)
Saya + (i) + tuṃ = sayituṃ (to sleep)

9. Apagacchati

Apa √gam + a + ti = apagacchati (to go aways)

Apa √gam + tvā = apagantvā (having gone aways or after going aways)
Apa √gam + tuṃ = apagantuṃ (to go aways)
10. Pāpuṇāti
Pa √ap + unā + ti = pāpuṇāti (to attain or to reach) (a + a = ā / n > ṇ)
Pāpuṇā + (i) + tvā = pāpuṇitvā (having attained or after attaining)
Pāpuṇā + (i) + tuṃ = pāpuṇituṃ

11.Pappoti
Pa √ap + nu > no + ti = pappoti (to attain or to rach) (pn > pp)
Pappo + ya = pappuyya (pappoya > pappuyya) (having attained or after
attaining)
Pa √ap + tvā = patvā (having attained) ( pa + ptvā > tvā)
Pappo + tuṃ = pappotuṃ (to attain)
Pa √ap + tuṃ = pattuṃ (pt > tt)

S
12.Uggacchati
Ud √gam + a + ti = uggacchati (to go up or rise) (dg > gg)
Ud √gam + tvā = uggantvā (having gone up or after going up)
Ud √gam + tuṃ = uggantuṃ (to go up)
IP
13.Jānāti
√ñā > jā + nā + ti = jānāti (to know)
Jānā + (i) + tvā = jānitvā
√ñā + tvā = ñātvā (having known or after knowing)
Jānā + (i) + tuṃ = jānituṃ
√ñā + tuṃ = ñātuṃ (to know)
D
14.Jināti
√ji + nā + ti = jināti (to conquer)
Jinā + (i) +tvā = jinitvā (having conquered or after conquering)
Jinā + (i) + tuṃ = jinituṃ (to conquer)

15.Suṇāti
√su + nā + ti = suṇāti (to listen)
Suṇā + (i) + tvā = suṇitvā
√Su + tvā = sutvā (having listened or after listening)
Suṇā + (i) + tuṃ = suṇituṃ
√su + tuṃ = sotuṃ (u> o) (to listen)
16.Coreti
√cur + e + ti = coreti (to steal) (u > o)
Core + tvā = coretvā (having stolen)
Core + tuṃ = coretuṃ (to steal)
17.Rudati
√rud + a + ti = rudati (to cry)
Ruda + (i) + tvā = ruditvā (having cried)
Ruda + (i) +tuṃ = rudituṃ (to cry)
18.Rodati
√rud + a + ti = rodati (to cry) (u> o)
Roda + (i) + tvā = roditvā (having cired)

S
Roda + (i) +tuṃ = rodituṃ

19.Bhāveti
√bhū + e + ti = bhāveti (to develop) (bhū >bho > bhav + e )
Bhāve + tvā = bhāvetvā (having developed or after developing)
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Bhāve + tuṃ = bhāvetuṃ (to develop)

20.Bhavati
** u ū > o > av + a
√bhū + a + ti = bhavati (to become) (bh-ū > bh-o > bh-av + a)
Bhava + (i) + tvā = bhavitvā (having become or after becoming)
Bhava + (i) + tuṃ = bhavituṃ (to become)
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21.Cādeti
√chad + e + ti = chādeti (to cover up)
Chāde + tvā = chādetvā (having covered up or after covering up)
Chāde + tuṃ = chādetuṃ (to cover up)

22.Tanoti
√tan + o + ti = tanoti (to spread)
Tano + (i) + tvā = tanitvā (having spreaded or after spreading)
Tano + (i) + tuṃ = tanituṃ (to spread)
23.Cināti
√ci + nā + ti = cināti (to collect)
Cinā + (i) + tvā = cinitvā (having collected or after collecting)
Cinā + (i) + tuṃ = cinituṃ (to collect)

24.Eti
√i + (a/or - ) + ti = eti (to go)
E + tvā = etvā (having gone or after going)
E + tuṃ = etuṃ (to go)
Gacchati - to go
Āgacchati - to come
Eti

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√i + ti = eti (to go)
Ā + √i + ti = eti (to come)

25.Kasati
√kas + a + ti = kasati (to plough)
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Kasa + (i) + tvā = sakitvā (having ploughed or after ploughing)
Kasa + (i) + tuṃ = kasituṃ (to plough)

26.Vapati
√vap + a + ti = vapati (to sow)
Vapa + (i) + tvā = vapitvā (having sown or after sowing)
Vapa + (i) + tuṃ = vapituṃ (to sow)
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27.Passati
√dis + a + ti = passati (to see) (√dis > pass)
Passa + (i) + tvā = passitvā (having seen or after seeing)
Passa + (i) + tuṃ = passituṃ (to see)

28.Vadati
√vad + a + ti = vadati (to say)
Vada + (i) + tvā = vaditvā (having said or after saying)
√vad + tvā = vatvā
Vada + (i) + tuṃ = vadituṃ (to say)
 √vad + tuṃ = vattuṃ (to say) (dt> tt)

29.Ghāyati
√ghā + ya + ti = ghāyati (to smell)
Ghāya + (i) + tvā = ghāyitvā (having smelled or after smelling)
Ghāya + (i) + tuṃ = ghāyituṃ (to smell)

30.Sāyati
√sā + ya + ti = sāyati (to taste)
Or svad > sā + ya + ti = sāyati
Sāya + (i) + tvā = sāyitvā
Sāya + (i) + tuṃ = sāyituṃ

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31.Phusati
√phus + a + ti = phusati (to touch)
Phusa + (i) + tvā = phusitvā (having touched)
Phusa + (i) + tuṃ = phusituṃ (to touch)
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32.Cinteti
√cint + e + ti = cinteti (to think)
Cinte + tvā = cintetvā (having thought after thinking)
Cinte + tuṃ = chintetuṃ (to think)

33.Kiṇāti
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√kī + nā + ti = kiṇāti (to buy)
Kiṇā + (i) + tvā = kiṇitvā (having bought or after buying)
√kī + tvā = ketvā (kī > e)
Kiṇā + (i) + tuṃ = kiṇituṃ (to buy)
√kī + tuṃ = ketuṃ (to buy)

34.Vikkiṇāti
Vi √kī + nā + ti = vikkiṇāti (to sell)
Vikkiṇā + (i) + tvā = vikkiṇitvā
Vikkiṇā + (i) + tuṃ = vikkiṇituṃ
35. Deseti
√dis + e + ti = deseti (to expound)
Dese + tvā = desetvā
Dese + tuṃ = desetuṃ

36.Pacati
√pac + a + ti = pacati (to cook)
Paca + (i) + tvā = pacitvā
Paca + (i) + tuṃ = pacituṃ

37.Bhuñjati
√bhu (ṃ) j + a + ti = bhuñjati (ṃ> ñ) (to eat)

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Bhuñja + (i) + tvā = bhuñjitvā
√bhuj + tvā = bhutvā
Bhuñja + (i) + tuṃ = bhuñjituṃ
√bhuj + tuṃ = bhuttuṃ (u > o, jt> tt)
38.Daṇḍayati
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√daṇḍ + aya + ti = daṇḍayati (to punish)
Daṇḍaya + (i) + tvā = daṇḍayitvā
Daṇḍaya + (i) + tuṃ = dnḍayituṃ

39.Dhāvati
√dhāv + a + ti = dhāvati (to run)
Dhāva + (i) + tvā = dhāvitvā
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Dhāva + (i) + tuṃ = dhāvituṃ

40.Karoti
√kar + o + ti = karoti (to do)
Karo + (i) + tvā = karitvā
√kar + tvā = kattvā > katvā
Karo + (i) + tuṃ = karituṃ
√kar + tuṃ = kattuṃ (rt> tt) / kātuṃ (
 41.Hanti
√han + a + ti = hanati > hanti (to kill)
Hana + (i) + tvā = hanitvā
√han + tvā = hantvā
Hana + (i) + tuṃ = hanituṃ
√han + tuṃ = hantuṃ

42.Hanati
43.Anu-sāsati
Anu √sās + a + ti = anusāsati (to admonish)
Anusāsa + (i) + tvā = anusāsitvā
Anusāsa + (i) + tuṃ = anusāsituṃ

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44.Jīvati
√jīv + a + ti = jīvati (to be alive)
Jīva + (i) + tvā = jīvitvā
Jīva + (i) + tuṃ = jīvituṃ
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45.Pivati
√pā > piv +a + ti = pivati (to drink)
Piva + (i) + tvā = pivitvā
Piva + (i) + tuṃ = pivituṃ

Verbs in lesson 15
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46. Āgacchati
47.Apagacchati
48.Āneti
49.Bhuñjati
50.Bhavati
51.Bhindati
52.Bhāveti
53.Bandhati
54.Bhajati
55.Chādeti
56.Chindati
57.Coreti
58.Cinteti
59.Carati
60.Ḍahati
61.Ḍasati
62.Daṇḍeti
63.Deseti
64.Passati
65.Gaṇhāti
66.Gacchati
67.Ghāti
68.Jahāti

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69.Harati
70.Hanati
71.Bhavati
72.Icchati
73.Jānāti
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74.Jāyati
75.Jināti
76.Karoti
77.Kiṇāti
78.Kasati
79.Marati
80.Mīyati
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81.Muñcati
82.Moceti
83.Muccati
84.Nikkhamati
85.Pacati
86.Patati
87.Pāpuṇāti
88.Pajahati
89.Phusati
90.Pivati
91.Paharati
 92.Ruhati /rohati
93.Sayati
94.Suṇāti
95.Sāyati
96.Tiṭṭhati
97.Tussati
98.Uggacchati
99.Tiṭṭhati
100. Vadati
101. Vacati
102. Vapati
103. Vaṇṇeti

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104. Vasati

____________________________
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DIPARANGA
International Pali School
Assignment – III for Diploma in Pali
Due Date: 25-3-2024/ 23.59
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1. Divide the following verbs into root and conjugational sign and give their
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meaning too. (10-marks for root and conjugation sign and 10-marks
for meaning)

(a) deseti (b) pappoti (c) sakkoti (d) bhuñjati (e) kasati
(f) jināti (g) suṇāti (h) vasati (i) uggacchati (j) vapati

(a) Kiṇāti
√kī + nā + ti = kiṇāti ( buys or to buy)
 2. Form the gerund and inifinitive of the following verbs and give their
meaning too. (2-marks for each word)
(a) cināti (b) jānāti (c) pappoti (d) karoti (e) deseti
(f) chādeti (g) vapati (h) kiṇāti (i) passati (j) nisīdati
(a) vasati
= vasitvā (having lived or after living)
Or vasa + (i) + tvā = vasitvā (having lived or after living)
= vasituṃ (to live)
Or vasa + (i) +tuṃ = vasituṃ (to live)

3. Make the question sentence by using the particle ‘api’, ‘api nu’ and ‘kiṃ
and negative sentence by using particle ‘na’ with the following

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affirmative sentence and translate the question and negative sentences
into English too.
(a) So tato uṭṭhāti. (4-marks)
(b) Tvaṃ atra kīṇāsi. (4-marks)
(c) Tumhe tatra kasatha. (4-marks)
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(d) Ahaṃ idha vasāmi. (4-marks)
(e) Mayaṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma. (4-marks)

(a) So idha āgacchati.

Question sentence:
1) Api so idha āgacchati? Does he come here?
2) Api nu so idha āgacchati?
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3) Kiṃ so idha āgacchati?
4) So idha āgacchati kiṃ?
Negation:
So idha na āgacchati (nāgacchati). He does not come here.

4. Analyze the following sentences and translate them into English. (10) –
marks for analysis and (10) marks for translation)
(a) So tatra nisajja tato uṭṭhāti.
= so - 3rd. Sg. he
= tatra - dem. Adv. there
= nisajja - gerund of the nisīdati (having sat or after sitting)
 = tato - dem. Adv. after there
= uṭṭhāti - present tense. 3rd.sg. Gets up (1-marks)
Trans: he, having sat there, gets up from there. (1-marks)

(b) Mayaṃ ajja idha vasitvā suve tahiṃ gacchissāma.

(c) Tvaṃ āgantvā idha vasāhi.
(d) Te kasitvā bhuñjituṃ idha āgacchiṃsu.
(e) Mayaṃ idāni atra bhutvā vapituṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.
(f) Te tato dhāvitvā tatra pāpuṇiṃsu.
(g) Tumhe idha nisīditvā mā rodittha.
(h) Sace so coretvā idha āgaccheyya, ahaṃ daṇḍayissāmi.
(i) So vikkiṇituṃ ito gantvā tato kiṇitvā idha āgacchi.

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(j) Mayaṃ sotuṃ tahiṃ gacchissāma.

5. Translate the following sentences into Pāli. (20-marks)

(a) I wish to go there and expound.
(b) We do not go there to buy.
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(c) They come here and cook and go.
(d) You eat and drink and lie down.
(e) After ploughing there, they came here.
(f) We do not like to kill.
(g) If he wishes to go there, let him go.
(h) Do you like to cook?
(i) He cannot conquer.
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(j) I can see.