Ex, No, 1
Date : TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Aim:
i) Construct a circuit tomeasure Temperature of Liquid using Thermistoror
Thermocouple or RTD.
i) Also find the graphical relationship between input and output
Apparatus required:
S.No. Equipment /Component Quantity
1. Thermistor 1
2. Multimeter 1
3. Hot Plate 1
4. Mercury Thermometer 1
5. Thermocouple kit 1
6. RTDKit 1
7. Connectingwires As reg
5) 4) 3) Measurement
2) 1)
Tabulate
re readings.
Plot
baih100°C. raise
the Ensure
equilibrium change Heat
Connections
the in the
the
temperature, inthe
graph thermocouple water
to before are of
yse RTD/Thermocouple
using bath madeLiquid
recording
until by as
the the Temperature
using per
is
ce the the
asured each fully
temperatureraisesto heating
immersed diagram
temperature for
lce
element using
rature
and
and Bath
ion Thermocouple
reading. has 0°c, and
had
intermediate
95°C measure
versus
of time
the and
to
le. the reach boiling the
pected every
resistance
thermal
water
25°C
Measurement
NMONANN
E9nEWEI
of
THERMOCOUPLE
Liquid
CONSTANTAN
IRON Temperature
REFERENCE
JUNGTIONS
COPPERWRE
using
REFERENGE
BATHICE Thermocouple
V
TABULATION
Thermometer Reading from Trainer Kit
SI.No. Reading
(° C)
Temperature Voltage
(° C) (mV)
Result: Liquid using Thermistor,
measurement of Temperature of
Thus the
Thermocouple & RTD is done.
- P7
Sensor and Actuate
SKS Publishers
Ex.No.2 Date:
BEHAVIOUR OF PROXIMITY SENSORS
AIM
1) To observe the behaviour of inductive proximity sensor and capacitive
proximity sensor for different material samples.
2) To interface relay and buzzer with sensor to test the output.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1) Proximity sensors (inductive and capacitive).
2) 24 V DC Power Supply P P A G A M
3) 24 V DC Relay with 8 Pin
4) 12 V Buzzer
5) Connecting Wires
TESTING MATERIALS
+ Various materials such as Cast Iron, Stainless Steel, Aluminium, Copper,
Plastic, Rubber, Wood, Bottle with Water,
PROCEDURE
To observe the behaviour f inductive proximity sensor
1) Connect the inductive sensor to a power source.
2) Place various samples (metallic and non-metallic) near the sensor.
3) Observe the sensor's response (LED indicator)
4) The sensor detects metallic objects. No response to non-metallic materials.
To observe the behavlour of capacittve proximity sensor
5) Connect the capacitive sensor to a power source.
6) Place various samples (both metallic and non-metallic) near the sensor.
7) Observe the response (LED indicator)
8) The sensor detects both metallic and non-metallic objects.
TABULATION
Behaviour of Sensor
S.
Material Inductive Capacitive
No.
Proximity Sensor Proximity Sensor
1. Cast Iron Detects the material Detects the material
2 Plastic No response Detects the material
To interface relay and buzzer with sensors
Circuit connection:
1) Connect the +ve teminal of sensor (Brown wire) to +ve teminal of DOCpower supply.
2) Connect the -ve teminal of sensor (Blue wire) to -ve terminal of DC power supply.
3) Connect the +ve teminal of relay (Teminal 2) to +ve teminal of DC power supply.
4) Connect the -ve terminal of relay (Terminal 7) to -ve terminal of DCpower supply.
5) Connect the output of the sensor (Black wire) to the relay input (Teminal 8)
6) Connect one teminal of the buzzer to the NO terminal of the relay (Terminal 6).
7) Connect the other terminal of the buzzer to -ve terminal of DC power supply.
Testing:
8) Switch ON the circuit. AM
9) Place a sample near the sensor.
10) When the sensor detects the object, the relay triggers and the the buzzer gives
sound. It confirms that the interfacing is working correctly.
RESULTS
1) The behaviour of inductive proximity sensor and capacitive proximity sensor
is observed for different material samples.
2) The relay and buzzer are interfaced with sensors. The output is tested.
Ex. No.3 LVDT (Linear Variable Differential
Date: Transformer)
Aim
To construct a circuit for Measurement of Linear Displacement using LVDT.
Also to find the graphical relationship between input and output.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the apparatus Quantity
1 LVDTKit 01 No.
2 Voltmeter(0-30V)MI 01 No.
3
Connectingwires As Required
A.C. input
Primary winding
Ferromagnetic core Hollow bobbin
(armature)
Displacement -
Core
Secondary winding s1
E
S2
Eo
SI.
Displacement (mm) Output
No. Reading from Reading from Voltage
Micrometer Trainer Kit (mV)
-5
4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
PROCEDURE:
Connectionsare made as perthe circuit diagram.
inputsign tothe LVDT circuit.
2Applythe forward and backward till minimum output voltage
and adjust the core
3 Move as the core null positionwhich is exactlyat
position
eisohtained and mark the
transformer.
the centre ofthe
and left side and note down the corresponding
side
4 Now move the core right
voltmeter.
displacement in mm and readings of
displacement and output voltage, such that
between
5. Draw the graph voltage in Y-axis.
displacement in mm in X-axis and
RESULT:
The displacement is measured by using LVDT.
