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Question 1. What is meant by a substance?
Answer: A substance consists of a single type of particles. Substance is a kind of matter that cannot be
separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process.
Question 2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Answer:
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Question 1. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
Answer:
Question 2. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?
Answer:
Question 3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its
concentration at this temperature.
Answer: Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g
Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g
Mass of solution = Mass of solute + Mass of solvent
= 36 g + 100 g = 136 g
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Question 2. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:
cutting of trees,
melting of butter in a pan,
rusting of almirah,
boiling of water to form steam,
passing of electric current, through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and
oxygen gas,
dissolving common salt in water,
making a fruit salad with raw fruits and
burning of paper and wood.
Question 3. Try segregating the things around you as pure substances or mixtures
Answer: Pure substances—Water, bread, sugar and gold.
Mixtures—Steel, plastic, paper, talc, milk and air.
Question 2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words, solution, solvent, solute, dissolve,
soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.
Answer: 1. Take a cup of water in a container as solvent and heat it.
2. Add sugar in it which is solute. Heat it till all sugar dissolves.
3. You get a solution of water and sugar.
4. Sugar is soluble in water completely.
5. Add half a tea-spoon of tea-leaves, it is insoluble in water.
6. Boil the content, add milk which is also soluble in water, boil again.
7. Filter the tea with the help of strainer, the tea collected in cup is filtrate and the tea leaves collected on the
strainer is residue.
Question 3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected,
the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of
water to form a saturated solution).
(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50
grams of water at 313 K?
(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to coo! at
room temperature. What would she observe us the solution cools? Explain.
(c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?
(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?
Answer:
Question 4. Explain the following giving examples:
(a) Saturated solution
(b) Pure substance
(c) Colloid
(d) Suspension
Answer:
(a) Saturated solution: In a given solvent when no more solute can dissolve further at a given temperature is
called saturated solution.
(b) Pure substance: A pure substance consists of a single type of particles. E.g., gold, silver.
(c) Colloid: A colloid is a solution in which the size of solute particles are bigger than that of true solution. These
particles cannot be seen with our naked eyes, they are stable, e.g., ink, blood.
(d) Suspension: It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles are big enough to settle down, e.g.,
chalk-water, paints, etc.
Question 5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: soda water, wood, air.
soil, vinegar, filtered tea.
Answer: Homogeneous: Soda water, vinegar, filtered tea, air
Heterogeneous: Wood, soil.
Question 7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a “pure substance”?
(a) Ice (b) Milk (c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric acid (e) Calcium oxide (f) Mercury
(g) Brick (h) Wood (i) Air.
Answer: Pure substances are: Ice, iron, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide and mercury.
Question 8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.
(a) Soil (b) Sea water
(c) Air (d) Coal
(e) Soda water.
Answer: Solutions are: Sea water soda water and air.
Question 9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?
(a) Salt solution (b) Milk
(c) Copper sulphate solution (d) Starch solution.
Answer: Milk and starch solution.
Question 10. Classify the following into elements, compounds, and mixtures.
(a) Sodium (b) Soil (c) Sugar solution
(d) Silver (e) Calcium carbonate (f) Tin
(g) Silicon (h) Coal (i) Air
(j) Soap (k) Methane (l) Carbon dioxide
(m) Blood
Answer: Elements – Compounds – Mixtures
Sodium – Calcium carbonate – Sugar solution
Silver – Methane – Soil
Tin – Carbon dioxide – Coal
Silicon – ----- Soap , Air ,Blood
Question 11. Which of the following are chemical changes?
(a) Growth of a plant (b) Rusting of iron
(c) Mixing of iron filings and sand (d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food (f) Freezing of water
(g) Burning of a candle.
Answer: Chemical changes are:
(a) Growth of a plant (b) Rusting of iron
(c) Cooking of food (d) Digestion of food
(e) Burning of a candle
