Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views11 pages

Constructions

This document provides a comprehensive guide on various geometric constructions using a ruler and compass, including the construction of tangents to a circle from an external point, as well as inscribing and circumscribing circles around triangles and regular polygons. It outlines specific steps for each construction, accompanied by justifications and illustrative examples. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice to reinforce the concepts covered in the chapter.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views11 pages

Constructions

This document provides a comprehensive guide on various geometric constructions using a ruler and compass, including the construction of tangents to a circle from an external point, as well as inscribing and circumscribing circles around triangles and regular polygons. It outlines specific steps for each construction, accompanied by justifications and illustrative examples. Additionally, it includes exercises for practice to reinforce the concepts covered in the chapter.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Constructions

INTRODUCTION
In previous classes, you have done some constructions by using a ruler and a compass,
such as bisecting an angle, drawing the perpendicular bisector of a line segment, drawing a
nerpendicular at a point of a ine segment or from a point on a line segment etc. We have
also constructed some triangles and quadrilateral, and also gave their justification.
In this chapter, we will do the following constructions:
(i) Construction of two tangents to a circle from an external point.
(i) Circumscribing and inscribing a circle on a triangle and a regular hexagon.

16.1 CONSTRUCTION OF TANGENTS TO A CIRCLE


In the previous chapter, we learnt that if a point lies inside a circle then there cannot a
tangent to the circle through this point. If apoint lies on the circle then there is one and only
one tangent to the circle and it is the perpendicular to the radius through this point. Thus
to draw a tangent to a circle with centre Oat a point P, join OP and construct perpendicular
to OP at the point P, which is the tangent to the circle at the point P.
Further, we know that if a point ies outside a circle thern there are exactly two tangents
to the circle from this point.
Now let us learn how to draw these tangents.
Construction 1. Construct tangents to a circle from an external point.
Given a circle with centre O and a point P outside the circle. We are required to construct
tWO tangents to the circle from the point P.
Steps of construction
1. Join OP and draw its perpendicular
bisector to meet OP at M.
2. With M as centre and OM (or MP) as
radius, draw a circle. Let this circle
intersect the given circle at points A
and B. P
3. Join PA and PB. Then PA and PB are |M
the required tangents to the given
circle from the point.
Justification
Join OA, then 0AP = 90°
(angle in a semicircle = 90)
As OA is radius arnd Z0AP= 90° i.e. OA I AP, so PA has
to be tangent to the circle.
Similariy, PB is also a tangent to the circle.
Note
Ithe centre of a circde is not given, you may locate it by taking any two
non-parallel
chords of the circle and then finding the point of intersection of their perpendicular
bisectors.

Illustrative Examples
Example 1. Draw a circle of radius 35 cm. Mark apoint Poutside the circle at a distance
of 6 cm from the centre. Construct two tangents from Pto the given circle. Measure
and write down the length of one tangent. (2011)
Solution. Steps of construction
1. Mark a point 0. With O as centre and radius 3:5 cm, draw a circle.
2. Take a point P at a distance of 6 cm from O. P lies outside the circle.
3. Join OP and draw its perpendicular bisector to meet OP at M.
4. Taking Mas centre and OM (or MP) as radius, draw acircde. Let this circle intersect
the previous circle at points Aand
5. Join PA and PB. Then PA and PB are the required tangents. On measuring, we find
that AP = BP = 49 cm (approximately).

Justification
Join OA, then Z0AP = 90° (angle in a semicircle = 90)
As OAis radius and ZOAP = 90°, so PA has to be tangent to the circle.

378 Understanding ICSE Mathematics X


bisector intersestPA
semicircle)
thetangent
of centre. 379
on measuring
point
a theirperpendicular
circle a Constructio
length in
a as
O this on (angle
Taking
the point Let tangents
its B.
circle.
cm.Measure withdraw and
5 adrawA required
points
and cm
and
other. 5
cm and OP at theradius,
3 the
radii cm Join cm 16
to are =
tangents 3radiicicle. asMP)3radiusPB -9
of
25
circles calculations.
of outer
(or andcm. =5-32
=
of circles OMofcirclePA 4= get
concentric
pair construction PA
the and Then we
the concentric
on i.e. that PA theorem,
OA?
actual centre
circlePB. find length 90°
construct point
M
two at and =
Z0AP
Op²-
Draw by of twoa
OP as smaler we of Pythagorascm.
Eracimnoutplce,eitverify Calculation
MSteps
Solution.be meetTaking PB),
PA
DraW = 4=
PA
2. P A0AP PA?
er let to theIoin (or OA.
Join
d 1. In By
Example 3. Draw aline segment AB oflength 5cm. Make a
Using a ruler and compass only, construct: point Con AB such that A
() a circle of aradius 2:5 cm,
(ii) Construct two tangents to the
passing through A and C. AC=3c
the length of the tangents. circle from the external point B. Measure and ro
Solution. Steps of construction
1. Draw a line segment AB of
2. Draw the right length 5 cm. Mark a point C on AB such that
(2016)
bisector of AC. AC =3
3. Taking A as centre and
AC at O. radius 2-5 cm draw an arc to meet the
right bisector .
4. Taking Oas centre and radius OA, draw a
2-5 cm and passing through circle. It is the required circle of radi.
5. Join OB and draw its right
points A and C.
bisector to meet OB at M. Taking M as centre
as radius, draw a circle to meet
the previous circle at and OM
point P and Q.

6. Join BP and BQ,


then BP and BQ are the
B to the circle of
radius 2-5 cm and passingrequired tangents drawn fromn the point
7. On measuring we
find that the length of the through points A and C.
(approx.) tangent BP (or BÌ) = 3-1 cm
Example 4. Let ABC be a right triangle in
is the which AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm and
perpendicular from
the tangents from A to this
Bon AC. The circle
through ZB= 90°. BD
B, C and D is drawn.
circle. Construct
Solution. Steps of construction
1. Draw BC = 4
cm.
2. At B,
construct ZQBC= 90°

380
Understanding ICSE Mathematics - X
From BO, cul off
BA 3 cm,
4. Join AC, we get AABC wil h the g0ven
dala.
From B, draw BD
6.
AC.
Draw a circle
perpendicular lo
witlh
This circle will pass BC as diameter,
D because ZBDC= 90°,through the point
7. As ABL BC, so AB is a
ircle at B and its lengthtangent
3 cm.
to the
QTaking A as Centre and radius 3
cm
(AB), draw an arc to cut the
circle
E. al
9. Join AE, then AE is a
circle at point E. tangent to the

Exercise 16.1
.Jse ruler and compass only for answering this question.
Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Mark the centre as 0. Mark a point P outside the circle
at a distance of 7 cm from the centre. Construct two tangents to the circle from the
external point P. Measure and write down the length of any one tangent. (2019)
n Draw a line AB = 6 cm. Construct a circle with AB as diameter. Mark a point P at a
distance of 5 cm from the mid-point of AB. Construct two tangents from P to the circle
with AB as diameter. Measure the length of each tangent.
the concentric circle of
3 Construct atangent to a circle of radius 4 cm from a point on by actual calculation.
measurement
radius 6cm and measure its length. Also verify the
Draw acircle of radius 3 cm. Take two points P and Qon one of its extended diameter
4, Draw tangents to the circle from these two
each at a distance of 7 cm from its centre.
points P and Q.

CIRCUMSCRIBED AND INSCRIBED CIRCLES


16.2
CIRCUMCIRCLE
O
Circumscribed circle
through all the vertices of apolygon is called
Acircle passing and its centre is called
acircumscribed circle of the polygon,
circumcentre.
inscribed polygon.
Ihe polygon is called the circumference
of the same
lie on
e points, which
circde, are called concyclic points. INSCRIBED CIRCLE

O
Inscribed circle polygon is called
an
of a called
Acircle all the sides and its centre is
inscribed touching
circle of the polygon,
incentre. called circumscribed polygon.
The polygon is Constructions 381
16.3 CONSTRUCTION OF CIRCUMSCRIBE) AND)
INSCRIBED CIRCLES
Construction 2. T0 construct the circunscribed circle of

Given. A triangle with sides AB = 45 cm, BC = 4 cm


and CA = 35 cm.
Required. To construct the circumcircle of AABC.
Steps of construction,
1. Construct AABCwith the
given data.
2. Draw the
perpendicular bisectors of AB and BC.
Let these bisectors meet at the
A

point O.
3. With O as centre and
a
radius equal to OA, draw
circle. The circle so drawn
points A, B and C, and is the passes through the
required
Remarks circumcircle of AABC.
O To construct the
sides of AABC. circumcircle AABC, draw the perpendicular bisectors of any two
of
OThe
perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent i.e. they meet at
a point (the point O of the
above construction).
The point O is called the
0The circumcentre of the circumcentre
of the triangle.
triangle is equidistant fromn the vertices of the
triangl.
Construction 3. To construct the inscribed circle of a
given triangle.
Given. A triangle ABC with BC = 6-4 cm, CA = 5-8 cm
and ZB = 60°.
Required. To construct the incircle of
AABC.
Steps of construction.
1. Construct AABC with the given data.
2. Draw the (internal)
bisectors of B
and ZC. Let these bisectors meet at
the point I.
3. From I, draw N
side BC.
perpendicular to the
4. With I as centre and radius N
equal to B
IN, draw a circle. The circle so drawn C

touches all the sides of the AABC, and


is the required incircle of AABC.
Remarks
O To construct the incircle of AABC,
AABC. Let these bisectors meet at I. draw
From
(internal) bisectors of any two angles of
, draw
1 The (internal) perpendicular to any side.
bisectors the angles of a triangle are
of
point (the point Iof the above construction). concurrent i.e. they meet at a
The point Iis called the incentre of the triangle.
O The incentre of the triangle is
equidistant from the sides of the triangle.
16.3.1Construction of circles in and about a regular polygon
Construction 4. To construct a circle in a given
regular hexagon.
Given. Aregular hexagon of side 1-5 cm.
Required. To construct acircle touching the sides
regular hexagon.
ofthe given
Steps ofconstruction,
1 Construct regular hexagon ABCDEF with side = 15. cm.
Draw bisectors of ZA and ZB. Let these bisectors meet at
the point I.
3. From I, draw IN perpendicular to ED.
circle. This circle touches all the
4. With Ias centre and radius equal to IN, draw a
hexagon.
sides of the hexagon ABCDEE, and is the required circle in the regular
Construction 5. To construct a circle about a given regular hexagon.
Given. A regular hexagon of side 1-6 cm.
vertices of the given regular hexagon.
Required. To construct a circle passing through the
Steps of construction.
with side = 1-6 cm.
1. Construct a regular hexagon ABCDEF
of the sides AB and BC.
2. Draw the perpendicular bisectors
Let these bisectors meet at the point 0.
to OA, draw a circle.
With O as centre and radius equal
vertices of the regular
This circle passes through all the
required circle about the
hexagon ABCDEE, and is the
regular hexagon.

Illustrative Examples
AD=4cm.
given that AB=45 cm, BC =7 cm and median
Example 1. Construct a AABC, radius.
AABC and measure its
Construct inscribed circle of
Solution. Steps of construction
BCof length 7 cm.
1. Draw a line segment

Constructions 383
2 Draw right bisector of BC to meet BC at D.
3. Taking Bas centre of radius 45 cmn, draw an arc.
4cm, draw an arc to meet the previous arc at A.
Taking D as centre and radius
4. Toin AB and AC, then ABCis the
5. Draw internal bisector of ZABC and
required triangle with the givern data.
ZACB. Let these bisector of angles meet at I
6. From I, draw N perpendicular to the side
BC.
7. With Ias centre and radius equal to IN, draw a
circle. The circle so drawn touches
all the sides of AABC, and is the required
incircle of AABC.
On measuring, we find that IN = 1-5 cm (approx.)
:. Radius of incircle = 15 cm
(approx.)
Example 2. Construct a triangle ABC in which base BC 6 cm, AB = 5:5 cm and
ZABC = 120°.
() Construct a circle circumscribing the triangle ABC.
() Draw a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD so that Dis equidistant from Band C. (2012)
Solution. Steps of construction
1. Draw AABC with the given data.
2. Draw the perpendicular bisectors of AB and BC. Let these bisectors meet at the
point O.
drawn panses
witlh O as centre and radius equal to OA, draw acircle. The circle soof AABC
thuough the points A, B andC, and it is the required circuncicle
above circle at the point
, let the perpendicular bisector of the side BC neet thequadrilateral such that D is
). Join CD and AD, then ABCD is the required cyclie
equidistant from Band (.
of side 5 cm. Construct a circle circumscribing
Example 3. Construct a regular hexagon shown. (2015)
All traces of construction must be clearly
the hexagon.
construction
Solution. Steps of
1. Draw a line segment AB of length 5 cm.
At A, construct ZQAB =120° and cut off AF = 5 cm.

5 cm.
construct ZPBA = 120 and cut off BC =
3. At B, CD 5 cm.
At C, construct BCR = 120° and cut off centre and radius
4.
radius 5 cm, draw an arc. With F as ABCDEF is
and
5. With D as centre previous arc at E. Join ELD and EE then
meet the
O Cm,draw an arc to
aregular hexagon of side 5 cm. bisectors meet at O.
perpendicular biscctors of AB and BC. Let these
O. Draw OA, draw a circle. The circle so drawn passes
centre and radius equal to circumscribing the
7. With O as and it isthe required circle
through the points B, C, D, E and E,
hexagon ABCDEF.
Constructions 385
Example 4, Using tuet and cotnpass tonstrtet a tiatigle AMC iH wich kh
CAB = 6()° and AC = 9em. Coistruct the locits, èf :
(0) points equidistant from AB atd AC.
(i)points eqtiidistatit from BÁand BC.
Hence, construct a circle touching the three sides of he trian1gle ititettialty
Solution. Constrtict triangle ABC with the given data.
(i) The locUs of poiils equidistant fron AB arid AT is tthe
the bisector of ZCAB. bisecttrt tof AE t

(i) The locus of points equidistant from BA and BC is the bisector of ZAC. Dra
the bisector of ZABC.
To construct incircle
Let the bisectorsof ZCAB and ZABCmeet at I, then l is the incentre of the circle. From L, dtam
IN LAB. Taking I as the centre and IN as radius, draw the circle. It is the required cirtk
touching the three sides of AABC internally.

Exercise 16.2
1. Draw an equilateral triangle of side 4 cm. Draw its circumcircle.
2. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct :
() a triangle ABC, given AB = 4 cm, BC =6 cm and ZABC = 90.
() acircle which passes through the points A, Band C and mark its centre as O. (2008)
3. Construct a triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm. Draw its circumcircle and measure
its radius.
4) Using ruler and compasses only :
() Construct a triangle ABC with the following data:
Base AB =6cm, AC = 5:2 cm and ZCAB = 60°.
(ii) In the same diagram, draw a circle which passes through the points A, BanddC
and mark its centre O.
5. Using ruler and compasses only, draw an equilateral triangle of side 5cm and draw i
inscribed circle. Measure the radius of the circle.
Draw
() Construct ABC = 60°.
a triangle ABC with
its incircle. Measure and BC= 6-4 cm, CA =5-8 cm and (2007)
record the radius of incircle.
Construct a AABC with BC Construct the
(i) =65 cm, AB =
55 AC = 5 cm.
incircle of the triangle. cmn, of the incircle.
Measure and record the radius (2014)
Using ruler and compasses only, which BC = 4cm,
7. LACB construct
45° and the perpendicular from Aon aBC
triangle
is 2-5 cm. in the
ABCDraw circumcircle of
triangle ABC and measure its radíus.
AB = 6-5 cm
Using ruler and compasses only, construct a AABC such that BC=5 cm,
120o
and ZABC =
() Construct a circumcircle AABC. and
Construct a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD such that Dis equidistant fromn AB
(i) (2018)
BC.
Hint
D. Join CD and
Draw the bisector of ZABC to meet the circumcircle of AABC at
(i)
AD, then ABCD is the required cyclic quadrilateral
such that Dis equidistant
from AB and BC.
of side 4 cm. Construct acircle circumscribing the hexagon.
(2010)
0 Construct a regular hexagon
incircle.
Draw a regular hexagon of side 4 cm and construct its
40

Construcrions 387

You might also like