DR.

FERMEL V DELA CRUZ, RCrim, PESE

Police Lieutenant Colonel
 Drug is any chemical substance that by, virtue
of its chemical nature alters the structure and
functioning of a living organism.
 Any natural or synthetic substance that is
administered to produce specific
physiological or psychological effects.
 The book of Judges old Testament revealed
that Mighty Samson was put to sleep by
Delilah by means of drugs lace wine before
cutting the hair, the source of his strength.
 Historian credited that marijuana (cannabis
sativa) is the world oldest cultivated plant
started by the Incas Peru.
 Peruvian and Mexican Incas have also the
common practice to use the coca leaves
during religious offering ceremonies.
 It was also known
that marijuana was
“sacred tree” in the
belief of the
Assyrians being used
during religious
rituals
 Papaver somniferum
 About 7000 years BC cultivated
and prepared by the
Summerians.
 Hypocrates as the father of
Medicine, prescribed the juice
of the white poppy plant as
early as 5ooo BC in the belief
that it can cure many illness
both in internal and external
use.
 The plant was first harvested in
Mesopotamia.
 The first derivative of opium.
 Friedrich W. Sertuner discovered
morphine.
 He called this new drug “Morphium”
and later changed to Morphine after
the Greek God of Dream Morpheus.
 This was the first attempt to cure
opium addiction.
 During the American Civil War cast
numbers of American soldiers
became addicted to drug so much so
that morphine addiction became
known as “soldiers disease”
 Diacetylmorphine
 Second attempt of treating opium
and morphine addiction started in
1896
 It was discovered by the British
Chemist in the name of Alder Wright.
 It was called the “miracle drug”
because it was believed that in can
be cure the both opium and
morphine addiction.
 It was named after the word “hero”
due to its impressive power.
 It turns out later that heroin is the
most addictive of all drugs.
 The third derivative of opium
 Discovered in France while in
process o discovering other
drugs that could cure opium,
morphine and heroin
addiction but it was also
ended in the same tragic
result.
 It is widely used as an
ingredients in the most cough
syrup.
 The use of chemical substance that alter
psychological functioning dates back to the
Old Stone Age. EGYPTIAN relics from 3500 BC
depict the use of OPIUM in RELIGIOUS
RITUALS.
By 1600 BC, an Egyptian reference work
listed opium as an analgesic or painkiller. The
Incas of South America were known to have
used cocaine for atleast 5000 years ago.
Cannabis, the hemp plant which marijuana
and hashish are derived, also has a 5000 year
history.
 During World War I and II, the use of
injectable morphine to ease the pain of battle
casualties was so extensive that MORPHINE
addiction among veterans came to be known
as the “soldier disease”.
By that time, the medical professional and
the public recognized how addictive
morphine was, its use had reached epidemic
proportions.
Then in 1898, the Bayer drug company in
Germany introduced a new opiate,
supposedly a non-addictive substitute for
morphine and codeine. It came out under the
trade name heroin, yet it proved to even more
than addictive than morphine.
 When cocaine, which was isolated from
the coca leaf in 1869, appeared on the
international drug scene, it too was used for
medicinal purposes.
Its popularity spread and soon it was used
in the other products, a variety of gin tonics
and most famous of all, Coca- Cola, which
was made with coca until 1903.
 The early Filipino were
fermented alcoholic beverages
and the preparations known as
nga-nga.
 narcotics, including Marijuana,
were not in the list of vices in
the country at that time.
 The opium poppy plant and the
coca bush were absent in the
Philippines vegetation prior to
1521.
 During the Spanish era, drug control laws
prohibited the use of opium by the native
Filipino and other people except the Chinese
 Chinese started smoking opium in 1780.
 In 1908 the total ban of opium was effected.
 The campaign continued until the Japanese
occupation in 1946 at which point all
supplies of opium were cut of from the
country and during that period the number of
opium addicts was probably lowest in Asia.
 The Narcotic Drugs Law.
 AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE REGISTRATION OF, WITH THE
COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE, AND THE IMPOSITION OF
FIXED AND SPECIAL TAXES UPON ALL PERSONS WHO
PRODUCE, IMPORT, MANUFACTURE, COMPOUND, DEAL IN,
DISPENSE, SELL, DISTRIBUTE, OR GIVE AWAY OPIUM,
MARIHUANA, OPIUM POPPIES, OR COCA LEAVES, OR ANY
SYNTHETIC DRUGS WHICH MAY HEREAFTER BE DECLARED
HABIT FORMING BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES,
THEIR SALTS, DERIVATIVES OR PREPARATIONS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
 The law also declared as a matter of national policy, the
prohibition of the cultivation of marijuana and opium poppy.
 Dangerous drug Act of 1972 on March 30
1972 ( President Marcos)
 This law amended by P.D. 44 dated November
9, 1972 placed under control not only
narcotics by also Psychotropic substances.

 This Act shall be known and cited as the
"Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002“
 an act instituting the comprehensive dangerous
drugs act of 2002, repealing republic act no. 6425,
otherwise known as the dangerous drugs act of
1972, as amended, providing funds therefore, and
for other purposes
ARE ALL DRUGS ARE
HARMFUL?
 Are plant substance that have
drug effect and whose use is
not generally regulated by the
law.
 These substance generally
require little processing after
the plants gathered.
 Although they may be
processed or sold
commercially, it is possible for
the consumer to prepare the
drug for use if it can be grown
locally.
 Are commercially produced drugs that may
be purchased legally without prescription.
 These drugs are known as propriety drugs.
 Are commercially produced drugs that can be
legally sold or dispensed only by a PHYSICIAN
or an PHYSICIAN ORDERS.
 They are like over the counter drugs in that
they are manufactured by pharmaceutical
companies, but they differ, in the decision to
use drugs is legally vested in a licensed
physicians not in use.
 Are commercial products that have a
psychoactive drug effect but are not usually
considered drugs.
 These substance are not generally recognized
by law except insofar as standards of
sanitation and purity is required.
 These are drugs whose sale, purchase or use
generally prohibited by the law. Criminal
penalties usually apply to violators of these
laws.
 It is generally considered a drug and thus be
classed
 Is also to merit its own
category, although it too could
be included in the
unrecognized drugs.
 Alcohol in forms, such as beer,
wine and distilled liquor is one
of the most widely used drugs
in our society.
 It is regarded by many experts
as the most commonly abused
drugs in our society.
1. Hallucinogens
2. Stimulants
3. Depressants
4. Narcotics
- most popularly known as psychedelics,
- drugs capable of provoking sensation, thinking,
self awareness and emotions.
- is a group of natural or synthetic drugs that
produce reactions such as perceptual alterations
and changes on the state of consciousness.
- alteration of time and space perception,
illusion, hallucination and delusion may be
minimal or overwhelming depending on the
dose.
- MOST POPULAR- marijuana, LSD, Psilocybin,
mescaline,
1. Marijuana – (cannabis
sativa) is a Mexican term
meaning pleasurable
feeling.
• Mixed preparations with
flowering tops, leaves and
stem.
• The plant may grow from 3
to 10 feet high.
• Addictive substance
tetrahydrocannabinol or
THC.
Street name: mary jane, flower,
pampapogi, brownines,
damo, pot, tea, joint, Dope
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) – most
powerful psychedelic obtained from
ergot, fungus that attacks rye kernels.
1,000 times more powerful than
marijuana.
• Pure white, odorless crystalline powder
that is soluble in water.
• Has no medical applications, although it
has been suggested that it may be used
in the treatment of certain mental
illnesses.
• Very potent drug and so is usually
diluted.
• Discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman
Street name: acid, drop, blotter, L, Lucy,
tab, trip
3. Psilocybin –
hallucinogen compound
from small Mexican
mushroom
• Obtained from certain
types of “magic
mushrooms” that are
indigenous to tropical
and sub-tropical regions
of South America,
Mexico, and the United
States.
4. Mescaline – aka STP
which stands for
serenity-tranquility-
peace
• A drug derived from the
dried tops of peyote
cactus, a small cactus
native of Mexico.
• Less potent than LSD
• Does not cause physical
dependence
 Are group of drugs having the effect of stimulating
the central nervous system
 Are drugs which increases alertness of physical
disposition
 Drugs that induce alertness, wakefulness, elevated
mood, increased speech, mental and motor activity,
relieve fatigue or boredom and decreased appetite.
 Also called upper
 EXAMPLES- shabu, ectasy, cocaine, amphetamine
• Methamphetamine
hydrochloride – “poor
man’s cocaine”
- Commonly known as
shabu ( “KAKUZEIZAI”
JAPANESE term “kakuzei”
walking and “zai” drugs)
- White odorless and
crystalline powder with
bitter taste.
- STREET NAMES:
- Poor man’s cocaine, S,
Shabs, ubas, sipao, sha,
ice
• Cocaine - the drug
taken
from the coca bush plant,
erythroxylon coca which
usually grows in south
America.
- in its pure form, is also
white and made up of
shiny, colorless crystal
and also known as
“snow”
- one of the strongest
short acting stimulant.
• Amphetamines – usually prescribed to reduce
appetite and to relieve minor cases of mental
depression, relieves mental depression and
comfort fatigue and sleepiness.
- Most common and widely used preparations
of the drug are methamphetamine,
amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine,
which are known and sold under such trade
names as BENZEDRINE and DEXEDRINE.
- These drugs achieve their effect by
increasing the amount and activity of the
neurotransmitter (noradrenaline) within the
brain thus causing psychic effects.
- STREET NAMES:
- Eye opener, lid poppers, pep pills, uppers,
hearts
• Methylenedioxymethamphetamin
e – (MDMA) ecstasy – a white,
yellow or brown in color with a
bitter taste and comes in the
form of tablet, capsule or
powder.
• Its tablet form comes in various
designs and shapes hence it is
dubbed as “designer drugs”
• Most abusers are categorized
among the elites, yuppies
(young urban professional) and
nocturnal party goers.
• STREET NAMES:
• XTC, adam, essence, E, herbals
 Are group of drugs that has the effect of
depressing the central nervous system.
 Drugs which decreases or depress body
functions and nerves activity.
 Also called : DOWNERS
 Examples: BARBITURATES and alcohol
1. Sedatives – drugs which depresses
the central nervous system.
• Usually prescribed by doctors in
order ease anxiety and induce
sleep.
• A drug that calms a patient down,
easing agitation and permitting
sleep.
1.a. barbiturates – are drugs that is
used for inducing sleep in persons
plagued with anxiety, mental
stress, and insomia.
• also used for epilepsy and
hypertension
2. Tranquilizers – are
drugs that calm and
relax and diminish
anxiety.
• Used in treatment
of nervous states
and some mental
disorders without
producing sleep
3. Methaqualone – a non
barbiturate compound formerly
used as a sedative and hypnotic;
now found only as a drug of
abuse.
• Tasteless and odorless,
methaqualone comes in either
tablets or capsules

common names: French Quaalude,

furies, mandrakes, quas, quacks,
quads, 714s, soaps, soapers,
sopes, super Quaaludes, super
soper
4. Benzodiazepines –
• minor tranquilizer: a drug
belonging to a group of
minor tranquilizers.
• are a type of medication
known as tranquilizers.
Familiar names include
Valium and Xanax.
• Use: short-term treatment
for sleeping difficulties,
muscle relaxation, alcohol
withdrawal,
5. Rohypnol – sold as a hypnotic,
powerful sedative
• used to treat anxiety, insomnia
and sleep disorders, and seizure
disorders; they are also used as
skeletal-muscle relaxants.
• Became widely known as date-
rape drug
• Combination of alcohol and
rohypnol was reputed to
produce profound intoxication in
which the woman would be
highly suggestible and unable to
remember what happened to
her.
 These are drugs which produce insensitivity,
stupor, melancholy (sad) or dullness of the
mind with delusions.
 The word "narcotic" comes from the Greek
word "narkos", meaning sleep. Therefore,
"narcotics" are drugs that induce sleep.
Specifically, that means the opiates such as
heroin, morphine and related drugs.
1. Opium – refers to a flowering
plant of the species papaver
somniferum.
- the plant is usually 3-4 feet
high, raw opium is dark
brown in color and is bitter in
taste.
- morphine, heroin and
codeine are derived from this
substance.
- the plant displays a
beautiful flower that ranges in
color from white to purple.
Active ingredient: meconic acid-
analgesic property.
2. Morphine – most important
alkaloid and constitutes
about 10% of the use of raw
opium. (through boiling and
filtering process).
- effective as pain killer six
times potent than opium
- white crystalline powder
light porous cubes, small
white tablets
- STREET NAMES: m,
dreamer, emma, emsel,
pulbos
3. Heroin – most commonly
used narcotic in the world
- white odorless crystalline
powder with a very bitter
taste.
- three to five times more
powerful than morphine from
which it is derived and the
most addicting opium
derivative
STREET NAMES: Blanco, brown,
sugar, kabayo, kengkoy,
gamot, matsakao, pulbos,
sapsap, tinik
4. Codeine – a derivative of
morphine, commonly
available in cough
preparations
- also known as
methylmorphine.
- effect is weaker in
intensity.
- Street name: schoolboy
5. Methadone and demerol –
common synthetic drug
with morphine-like effects.
 Oral ingestion
 Inhalation
 Injection
◦ Subcutaneous (SC)
◦ Intramuscular (IM)
◦ Intravenous (IV)
 Snorting
 Buccal
 Suppositories
 The drugs is taken by the
mouth and must pass through
the stomach before being
absorbed into the blood
stream, the one of the most
common ways of taking a
drug.
 This is the safest most
convenient and economical
route whenever possible.
 This route makes use of
gaseous and volatile drugs,
which are inhaled and
absorbed rapidly through the
mucous of the respiratory
tract.
 Drug in gaseous from enter
the lungs and are quickly
absorbed by the rich capillary
system, it is probably the
second most commonly used
route of drug administration.
 Faster response than the oral method
 To deliver drugs directly into the body tissue and blood
circulation.
 The drug can be administered into the body by the use of
syringe and hypodermic needle in the following way.
◦ Subcutaneous (SC)
◦ Intramuscular (IM)
◦ Intravenous (IV)
 Subcutaneous (SC)
◦ Drug is administered by injecting the drug just
below the surface of the skin, this is sometimes
called “ skin popping”.
 Intramuscular (IM)
◦ Administration involves the injection of drug into a
large muscle mass that has a good blood supply,
such as the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, or
triceps.
 Intravenous (IV)
◦ The most efficient means of administration which
involves depositing drug directly into the blood
stream, this is also rapid method of drug
administration.
 Inhalation through the nose of drugs not in
gaseous form, it is sometimes inhaling a
powder or liquid drug into the nose coats of
the mucous membrane.
 The drug is administered by placing them in
buccal cavity just under the lips and active
ingredients of the drug will be absorbed into
the bloodstream through the soft tissues
lining of the mouth.
 The drug is administered through the vagina
or rectum in suppository form and the drug
will also be absorbed into the blood stream.
 This refers to the application of drugs directly
to a body site such as the skin and the
mucous membrane.
 The introduction of drugs into the deeper
layers of the skin by the use of special type of
electric current for local effect.