KIMS COLLEGE OF NURSING

LESSON PLAN

ON

LECTURE METHOD &

DEMOSTRATION

PREPARED BY,

MRS. SARU KRISHNA A

ASST. PROFESSOR

KIMS COLLEGE OF NURSING, TRIVANDRUM

 LESSON PLAN ON LECTURE METHOD & DEMONSTRATION

Name of the teacher : Mrs. Saru Krishna A Date :

Subject : Nursing Education Time :

Unit : Unit – III – Method of teaching Duration : 2hrs

Topic : Lecture method and Demonstration Venue : 4th year BSc Nursing classroom

Group : 4th year BSc Nursing

Strength : 66

Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion

AV Aids : PowerPoint presentations, Whiteboard

Previous Knowledge : Students have previous knowledge from textbooks and medias

Central Objectives : At the end of the class students will gain adequate knowledge regarding lecture and demonstration method and apply this
knowledge in classroom & professional life with positive attitude.

Specific Objective : At the end of the class students will,

 define lecture method

 discuss the purposes
 list down the factors influencing planning lecture
 mention the types of lectures
 describe the strategies to deliver an effective lecture method
 discuss the evaluation of the effectiveness of the lecture
 enlist the lecturing techniques
 elaborate the strategies for delivering a good lecture
 list down the learners’ criteria of a good lecture
 discuss the characteristics of effective and ineffective lecture
 explain the advantages and disadvantages of lecture method
 describe the strategies to overcome the disadvantages
 discuss the interactive lecture
 define demonstration
 list down the purposes of demonstration
 explain the phases of demonstration
 describe the role of the demonstrator
 discuss the advantages of demonstration
 mention the disadvantages of demonstration
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Introduction
2 mins Introduce the Introducing the Actively White
Lecture method is the oldest method of teaching. The term lecture
topic topic listening board
was derived from the Latin word lecture which means to read
aloud. Despite severe criticism levelled against it, lecture still
continues as the most preferred teaching method. Regarding the
criticisms, it is now understood that the fault mainly lies with the
users and not with the method. With the emergence of this view
point, the validity of lecture as a teaching method has been
increased considerably.

Definition

“Lecture is a teaching activity whereby the teacher presents the

3 mins Define lecture content in a comprehensible manner by explaining the facts, Defining Actively LCD What do you
method principles and relationships, during which the teacher is expected to lecture method listening and mean by Lecture

elicit student participation by employing appropriate techniques”. writing notes method?

Purposes of Lectures

 To provide structural knowledge: providing structured

5 mins Discuss the knowledge by integrating and synthesising knowledge form Discussing the Actively LCD What are the

purposes different fields or sources is the prime function of lecture. purposes listening and purposes of
 To motivate and guide in hunting knowledge: As a teacher writing notes lecture method?
alone cannot satisfy the knowledge requirement of students,
he or she has to explain the various sources of knowledge.
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 To arouse students’ interest in a subject: By following
lecture method, teacher can orient the students to a subject
by explaining the need for studying it, ways of learning and
revision, mode of writing university examination, etc.
 Introduce students to new areas of learning: innovations are
occurring on a regular basis in the diagnosis, treatment and
nursing management of disease conditions.
 To clarify difficult concept: Lecture method is highly
suitable for clarifying concepts. Teacher should use enough
examples and illustrations to clarify the concepts.
 To assist in preparing students for a discussion: Before
discussion teacher has to provide a concrete idea to the
students regarding the topic of discussion, aims of
discussion, etc. As a means of providing this information,
lecture method helps the teacher in creating a conducive
atmosphere for discussion.
 To promote critical thinking: Compared to other methods
formal lectures usually give less emphasis to critical
thinking, but a thoughtfully designed and delivered lecture
can challenge students to think critically and analytically by
modeling the thinking process according to the
characteristics of the discipline.
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Factors Influencing Planning Lecture

Learner Factors

 Educational back ground of the student

 Previous knowledge
 Class size
 Learning styles
 Personality and intelligence.

Subject Matter Factors

5 mins Enlisting the Enlisting the Actively LCD
 Domain of the objective Which are the
factors factors listening and
 Content to be learned factors
influencing influencing writing notes
 Nature of the content, simple or complex. influencing
planning lecture planning
lecture method?
Environmental Factors lecture
 AV aids
 Lighting and ventilation
 Noise and climate
 Infrastructure facilities
 Furniture
 Seating arrangements.

Psychological Factors

 Emotion
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 Mood
 Memory
 Abstract thinking
 Concept formation

Types of lectures

 The ideal lecture: The participants attend the lecture of

their own willing and this implies commitment on their
part. The role of the lecture is to persuade the audience
by virtue of the beliefs and values that are shared by both
parties. Lecture given by the politicians are the example
of the ideal lecture.
 The classical lecture: In our education system, attendance
at lectures is seen as being largely compulsory, in contrast
to the ideal lecture. The students attend the lecture, with
the focus of getting good grades and marks and this is
more specific in its subject matter.
 The experiential lecture: This form of lecture is used prior
to experiential learning and is given to participants to
5 mins Mention the Mentioning the Actively LCD
explain the basic concepts and explanations about the issue Which are the
types of lectures types of listening and
in question. types of
lectures asking doubts
lectures?
Strategies to Deliver an Effective Lecture Method

The lecture has to be well organized so that the learners

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can follow throughout the lecture Planning for a lecture

should include the following:
1. Preparation:

 Set the objectives. Teacher, while lecturing, should

keep the educational objectives clearly in her mind.
 Find out if there is a better teaching-learning method
to attain the objectives.

2. Sequencing the lecture:

 Identify the main points that need to be stressed.

Teacher, while lecturing, should keep a central
concept of the lecture in mind and its relativity to
the educational objectives. The concept is to be
completed in one delivery.
10 mins Describe the Describing the Actively LCD
3. Organizing the material: What are the
strategies to strategies to listening and
 Subdivide the lecture under headings. Each concept strategies to
deliver an deliver an writing notes
has to be broken into simple pieces of information deliver an
effective lecture effective
and the sequence of these pieces has to be maintained effective lecture
method lecture method
 Select appropriate AV aids method?

 Plan student preparation and follow-up activities

 Allow group discussion/buzz session to solve
problems and to gain arousal feedback
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 Have a written teaching plan.

4. Delivering the lecture:

 Begin the lecture by arousing interest

 Present aims and objectives of the lecture in the
beginning
 Recognize limitation of time; avoid too much of
material.
Do not speak fast; 100 words per minute are ideal
 Vary the pace and loudness to avoid monotony
 Use illustrative anecdotes to teach abstract and
complex ideas; aim at concept learning by all the
students
 Appear confident, look at the learners, have eye
contact and establish nonverbal contact
 Assess learner response and react accordingly
 Give 2-to-3-minute break between main parts
 Do not dictate notes; use handouts or chalk board to
convey the outlines of the lecture
 Present a summary at the end.

Steps to improve active participation by learner:

The following steps may help to activate and hold
learner attention.
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 Open the lecture with a series of questions that the
learners should be able to answer at the end of the
lecture
 Have wider eye coverage of the student
 Club the lecture with discussion
 Allow time near the end of the lecture for students
to write a summary of the main presentation or
answer a few questions based on the lecture
 Follow the principles and techniques of questioning.

5. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Lecture

• Informal feedback in the class could be sought by
noticing student behavior
• Formal student evaluation helps in assessing the
effectiveness of the lecture.
Peer evaluation: Opinion of colleagues or supervisors is
also obtained to assess the lecture
• Feedback is also obtained by analyzing the video or
audio recording of the lecture.
On note-taking: Note-taking results in loss of time for
reflection and discussion. Listening without note-taking
is the best method, if the learnt material had immediate
use. Duplicating summary (handouts) is the best method,
if the learnt content had to be used at a later period. Writing
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down full notes or outline during the lecture is of little

use.

Lecturing Techniques

 Voluntary dissemination of information or spontaneity: This

is the essence of lecturing. Instead of reading
continuously from a prepared note teacher has to converse
freely with the students.
 Voice gradation and voice quality: Voice gradation is the
periodical alteration of both pitch and volume
while lecturing and with some conscious effort voice
gradation will become the part and parcel of the teaching
activity.
 Adequate pacing: Too slow a pace and too fast a pace are
not advisable as the former creates boredom and the latter
leads to confusion. A successful teacher always organizes
the content effectively and pace the lecture in a
comprehensible manner in accordance with the receptivity
level of students.
 Proper body language: Action often speaks louder than
words, the teacher has to keep this in mind
and be aware about the body language while lecturing. One
can maintain proper body language by practicing principles
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of effective communication. Maintaining eye contact with
students is very essential and avoid looking out of the
Which are the
window, at the wall and over the students' head as Enlisting the Actively LCD
lecturing
10 mins Enlist the these are considered as impersonal behaviors. lecturing listening and
techniques?
lecturing  Control annoying mannerisms: Annoying mannerisms are techniques writing notes
techniques very distracting to the students. Crushing or tossing chalk,
breaking the knuckles, waving hands unnecessarily,
pinching the nose and repeatedly saying 'so', 'right', 'okay'
and 'uh' are the common annoying mannerisms.
 Judicious use of audiovisual aids: In addition to blackboard,
charts and graphs, advancements in
educational technology offers help through a handful of
sophisticated audiovisual aids to the teacher in facilitating
learning by way of the lecture method. Judicious selection
of visual aids is important, as they are very useful in
delivering lectures effectively.
 Simple plans and key points: when planning for a lecture
always go for a simple plan instead of complicated ones.
Select some of the key points from the content and build the
whole lecture around them. This will help students recollect
the taught lesson in an easy manner.
 Elicit feedback from students: even though feedback is a
vital technique, due to the hurry in finishing the content,
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many teachers neglect it while lecturing. To a certain extend
feedback assists the teacher to assess the amount of
knowledge received by the students and the progress they
have achieved. An intelligent teacher always critically
analyses the feedback from the students as a means for
evaluating the effectiveness of her lecture and the
subsequent diagnosis of any defects.
 Providing further clarification: one of the purposes of
lecture is to clarify difficult concepts by citing examples or
through illustrations. Even then, after initial clarification
teacher has to assess the need for further clarification in-
between the lecture and if needed provide it. You can assess
the need for further clarifications by asking “any more
explanation needed”, “so far is clear to you”, “anything to
be further clarified: “any doubts to be rectified”, etc.
 Time management: time factor is very important in
lecturing. Certain teachers cover the content within the
stipulated time while some others find it very difficult to do
so. When time exceeds than expected, tension slowly
invades the teacher and damage the entire lecture.

Strategies for Delivering a Good Lecture

• Learn how not to read your lectures
• Prepare yourself emotionally for class.
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Opening a Lecture
• Avoid a "cold start"
• Minimize nervousness
• Grab students' attention with your opening
• Vary your opening
• Announce the objectives for the class
• Establish rapport with your students.
Capturing Students' Interest

 During class, think about and watch your audience-

your students
 Vary your delivery to keep students' attention
 Make the organization of your lecture explicit
 Convey your own enthusiasm for the material
 Be conversational
 Use concrete, simple, colorful language
 Incorporate anecdotes and stories into your lecture
 Do not talk into your notes. If lectern and you need to refer
to your note cards, raise
the cards.
 Maintain eye contact with the class
 Use movements to hold students' attention
Use movements to emphasize an important point or to
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lead into a new topic
 Use facial expressions to convey emotions
What are the
 Laugh at yourself when you make a mistake Elaborating the Actively LCD
strategies for
Elaborate the  Keep track of time strategies for listening and
delivering a
10 mins strategies for  Be humorous delivering a writing notes
good lecture?
delivering a  Use AV aids to stimulate the students good lecture
good lecture Learner's Criteria of a Good Lecturer

 Presents material clearly and logically

 Clearly audible, writes legibly and concisely
 Has mastery of the content and is an expert of the subject
 Maintains appropriate pace in lecture
 Uses constructive criticism while giving feedback to the
students
 Stimulates critical thinking on the part of the learners
 Presents the material using the principles of learning

 Facilitates easy learning by moving from known to

unknown and from simple to complex
 Appears confident and at ease
 Avoids excess of factual details
 Possesses good sense of humor
 Illustrates practical applications related to the subject
matter
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 Utilizes instructional aids judiciously
 Avoids personal mannerisms
 Does not ridicule wrong answers
 Is democratic and friendly
 Appreciates learner's accomplishments
Invites questions and listens to answers
 Enjoys teaching and loves the subject
 Maintains eye-contact with the students, and do not teach
the black board
 Maintains conducive and nonthreatening environment
 Maintain good interpersonal relationship with the students.

Characteristics of effective and ineffective lecture

Effective lecture Ineffective lecture

Teacher-student interaction Teacher dominating the lecture

Two-way communication One way communication

Enlisting the Enlisting the Actively White What are the
Shared responsibility Both have not realized the
10 mins learners’ criteria learners’ listening and board criteria for a
objectives
of a good criteria of a writing notes good lecture
lecture good lecture
Small group and problem- No such activities. Depends
solving activities are used. only on teacher.
Sharing of information
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facilitates learning.

Variety of supporting media No supporting media

Discuss the Discussing the Actively LCD What are the
Limited note taking required Extensive note taking required
10 mins characteristics characteristics listening and characteristics
of effective and Humorous and good Monotonous and less of effective and writing notes of effective and
ineffective interpersonal relationship interpersonal relationship ineffective ineffective
lecture lecture lecture?
Obtains regular feedback Very less or no feedback

Advantages of Lecture Method

 It is efficient in the sense that one teacher can

communicate with a larger number of students
 A well-presented lecture motivates the students
It helps a teacher to build a foundation on which
students can construct their own knowledge
 It is good to introduce a new topic
 It enables the teacher to have complete control of the
classroom
 It gives the opportunity to have personal contact with
the students
 It aids in monitoring the progress of each and every
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student by being keen and alert
 Lecture is a highly economical method of teaching, as
it requires very less resources
 It saves time and energy by teaching a large number at
a time
 Lecture makes the students feel secured as they are
under proper guidance from teacher
It sprawls enthusiasm and interest among the students
 It helps to teach even complex concepts easily by
following a logical sequence
 It is most flexible as the teacher can alter or mold her
teaching according to the needs, interests, level of
students, time limit and nature of subject matter, etc.

Disadvantages of Lecture Method

 Lecturing makes the learner more passive in the

learning process. Most of the time, the students do not
participate in the learning process, remaining dormant
 Attention span of the students decreases considerably
after 20 minutes with a reduction of information
assimilated
 As readymade information is being fed to the students,
there is no place for any practical activity, observation,
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experimentation or demonstration
 This method pays little attention to needs, interests and
abilities of individual students
 It may leave gaps in understanding, if the teacher is
not having very good communication skills
 A very monotonous presentation may not be successful
in attracting the students' attention
 Pace of lecture does not suit all students.
Explain the Explaining the Actively LCD What are the
Strategies to overcome the Disadvantages
10 mins advantages and advantages and listening and advantages and
 Emphasize higher level intellectual skills: Ensure that the
disadvantages disadvantages writing notes disadvantages of
teaching objectives specify more than just facts and
of lecture of lecture lecture method?
technical skills by emphasizing higher level intellectual
method method
skills, such as problem solving, critical thinking and the
exploration and development of appropriate attitudes.
Lecturers can challenge students to think critically and
analytically by modeling the thinking process according
to the characteristics of the discipline.Critical thinking can
also be encouraged by the use of challenging questions
throughout the lecture.
 Signposting for clear direction: As well as organizing and
ordering the content, tell learners what you are doing by
providing good signposts about the structure and direction
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of the lecture. Include such things as: (a) links between
sections like what is coming next and what has just been
completed, (b) summaries, (c) reviews, (d) statements,
which indicate a change of topic and (c)highlight principles
or key ideas so that they stand out from the details and
examples.
 Make lectures more interactive: Include teaching activities
that promote cognitive challenge and require learners to
demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject matter and
relevant problems. This may mean using small group
activities during the lectures so that learners have an
opportunity to interact with each other and to explore issues,
discuss, analyze, and report back to the class.
 Less memorizing of facts and more construction of
meaning: Decrease the amount of factual material that has
to be memorized. When learners are pressed for time and
overloaded with content, they will usually take a surface
approach. Learners need to know what to listen for, how the
lecture links to and supports subsequent learning activities
and what they should be doing with what they hear. You
need to let them know what sort of notes are likely to be
useful and what follow-up learning activities you expect
them to undertake. Spend more time in helping learners to
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understand and use basic principles rather than memorizing
facts. Ask students to explain answers to questions instead
of just accepting the correct answer.

INTERACTIVE LECTURE
Interactive lecture is a combination of lecture, discussion and
questioning.

 It is the modified version of the traditional lecture method

and developed by retaining the merits and deleting the
demerits of the lecture, discussion and questioning.
 Sandra De Young has explained the interactive lecture in
the following way. "The techniques of lecture, discussion Which are the
5 mins Describe the Describing the Actively LCD
and questioning can be effectively blended together into an strategies to
strategies to strategies to listening and
interactive lecture, utilizing the advantages of all the overcome the
overcome the overcome the writing notes
methods and reducing their disadvantages. disadvantages?
disadvantages disadvantages
 Class time can be logically and efficiently divided into
sections for lecture, informal discussion, questioning, more
lecture and so on. In this way, subject matter is presented
for discussion, problem solving can take place and questions
can stimulate student thinking and clarify difficult points.
 Students become periodically active in the class, which
eliminates some of the objections to pure lecturing.
Changing tactics every 15 to 20 minutes may also help
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recapture students’ attention at points when it naturally
seems to wander. The class becomes more interesting and it
is to be hoped, more memorable."

DEMONSTRATION

Introduction

Possession of psychomotor skill is very essential for good nursing

practice and by virtue of its effectiveness in teaching psychomotor
skills; demonstration enjoys a dominant position among teaching
methods employed in teaching nursing.

Definition

 Demonstration is a method of teaching by exhibition and

explanation combined to illustrate a procedure or
experiments.
 Demonstration can be defined as an accurate portrayal of a
procedure, techniques or operation.

-Larid 1986

Purpose of Demonstration

 It may be used to provide a model of a skill

It may be used to support an explanation of an idea,

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theory, belief, concept or skill

 It shows the learner "how" to perform certain

psychomotor skill
 It also helps to understand "Why" certain things occur
 It arouses interest and motivates the learner
 It directs the attention of the learner to the skill
5 mins Discuss the Discussing the Actively LCD
 It supports the verbal explanation of a principle or sWhat is
interactive interactive listening and
physical process interactive
lecture lecture writing notes
 It provides a visual image that contributes to encoding lecture?
of information
 Demonstration provides a means to illustrate, clarify
an approach and skill
 It is a method where a teacher involves many learners
at one time, thereby aiding for an economical use of
time, materials and equipment
 It shows a process in action.

Phases of demonstration

Entire demonstration can be divided into three phases,

 Planning and Preparation phase

 Performance phase
 Evaluation phase
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Planning and preparation phase

In the planning and preparation phase, teacher prepares herself,

arranges necessary articles and creates a conducive learning
environment suitable to the number of students. During this phase
the teacher has to:

 Set well defined objectives based on the theoretical

knowledge and need of students
 Review related knowledge
2 mins Introduce the Based on scientific principles or rational basis split the Introducing the Actively White
topic demonstration into appropriate steps so that students can easily topic listening board

follow the demonstration.

 Do rehearsals as needed for attaining the proficiency

required for conducting demonstration.
 If the demonstration involves the presence of a patient or
mock patient, plan for their comfort and saftey. Obtain
5 mins Define Defining Actively LCD What is
necessary permission in the case of patients.
demonstration demonstration listening and demonstration?
 Create a conducive learning environment by providing
writing notes
adequate facilities, especially the facility to observe the
demonstration
 Plan for maximum student participation
 Ensure adequacy and good working condition of
equipment’s; assemble equipment’s in a convenient order.
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 Plan for return demonstration
2 mins List down the  Give necessary guidance to the students for achieving the Listing the Actively LCD
What are the
purposes of objectives of demonstration. This can be done by listing the purposes of listening and
purposes of
demonstration objectives and explaining what is expected from the student demonstration writing notes
demonstration?
in order to achieve them.
 Prepare a checklist regarding the articles and steps so that
teacher can avoid shortcomings in the performance phase.
 In the planning phase itself teacher should foresee the
importance of providing opportunities for students to
practice the skills and make arrangements for the same.
 Preparation of procedure manual at the institutional level by
the faculty or at the regional level by collaborating with
other institutions not only brings uniformity to procedures
but also reduces the workload of teachers in the preparation
phase.

Performance phase

In this phase, teacher performs the demonstration. Throughout this

phase she has to maintain a positive approach by telling “what to
do" rather than "what not to do. She should also exhibit a fine
coordination of head, heart and hand than simply repeating as per
the procedure manual.

Following steps will help you perform demonstration in an

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impressive way:

(a) Based on the principle of proceeding from whole to parts,

10 mins Explain the Explaining the Actively LCD
briefly narrate the whole procedure before explaining the individual
phases of phases of listening and Which are the
steps in detail. This can be done either by asking few questions or
demonstration demonstration writing notes phases of
by briefing yourself. demonstration?
(b) Explain the name and use of articles kept ready for performing
demonstration.

(c) Start the demonstration slowly so that students can

follow easily.

(d) Explain the purposes and scientific principles associated with

each step.

(e) Pace the steps and verbal explanations in a student friendly

manner.

(f) Make sure that students have understood each step, repeat if
they have not understood it.

g) Wherever possible involve students in the performance phase.

(h) In-between ask questions and encourage to seek clarifications in

order to get feedback from students, complete the procedure with a
summary.

(i) Replace the articles, demonstrate the after care of them and wash
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hands.

(k) Show the way of recording the procedure.

(l) Conclude the performance phase with a discussion. Discussion
will help provide any further clarifications.

Evaluation phase

Evaluation is done mainly through return demonstration and asking

thought provoking questions.

Role of the Demonstrator

Before the procedure:

 Should have a clear understanding of the learning

objectives.
 Formulate behavioral objectives for the particular
demonstrative session.
 Perform a skill analysis of self and students.
 Possess mastery of skill and confidence in demonstrating.
 Analyze the process completely and break it into sequential
steps.
 Have all material in place.
 Check the operation of all equipment before the
demonstration.
 Asses the entry behavior of the students and determine
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prerequisites.
 Give an overview of the procedure to the students before
demonstrating.

During the procedure:

 Conduct demonstration at a normal pace.

 Make sure everyone can see each step of the procedure
 Proceed in a step-by-step fashion without carrying or
overlapping steps.
 Motivate them by explaining why the skill is important.
 Demonstrate the total skill at normal speed.
 Follow sequence in demonstration.
 Ensure that a particular step is clear to the learners before
proceeding to next step.
 Intersperse demonstration with lecture, discussion and
questioning
 Communicate clearly and directly.
 Avoid use of negative examples and variations in technique.

After the procedure:

 Get feedback from all learners.

 Arrange for return demonstration by the student
 Provide immediate supervised practice, with adequate
time allowance.
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 Provide verbal, rather than physical guidance.
 Remember that initial interest may wane, so provide
motivation and encouragement.
 Replace all articles and equipments.

Ensure whether the learning objectives are attained or not.

Advantages of Demonstration

Demonstrations are an excellent way to illustrate points

which enable the learner to comprehend complex and
difficult material in a short period of time.

 When properly prepared, several minutes of demonstrations

may accomplish more than hours of lecture.
 Demonstrations reduce the gap between theory and
practice. The teacher can provide practical examples
which reflect actual practice.
 Complex models and processes become real by way of
demonstration
 Demonstration activates more than one sense, which
enhances learning. It involves visual, aural and
kinesthetic sense of individuals that improves recall and
transferability of the knowledge and skill learnt.
 Demonstration provides variety to the learning
situations, thereby reducing boredom. Exchange of
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learning becomes more relaxed and joyful.
Describe the  Demonstration allows the learner, to see the exact Describing the Actively LCD
What is the role
10 mins role of the manner in which a skill or behavior is to be performed role of the listening and
of the
demonstrator  Demonstration trains the learner in the art of careful demonstrator writing notes
demonstrator?
observation
 Demonstration stimulates the interest of the learners
by use of concrete illustration.
Disadvantages of Demonstration
 Sometimes, a few learners are negatively motivated after
a demonstration as they are unable to perform the skill.
 Teachers who do not possess a mastery level of skill or
cannot demonstrate the correct procedure and or her
behavior may confuse and discourage the learners.
 It is often difficult to isolate tasks, skills, procedures
and behaviors in a step-by-step manner. Some skills
are difficult to break down into components and may
be better understood from a holistic perspective.

 They may be time consuming, as they require more

time for practice and review.
 Demonstrations are usually best with small groups.
 Even the most skilled and talented teacher
may find it difficult to provide timely detailed feedback on
performance to each individual in a group.
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For the demonstration to be more effective, the
demonstrator should possess certain skills and qualities.

Summary

Till now we discussed about the definition, purposes, factors

influencing planning lecture, strategies for delivering a good
lecture, lecturing techniques, evaluation of the effectiveness of the
lecture, learners criteria for a good lecturer, characteristics of
effective and ineffective lecture, advantages and disadvantages of
lecture method, strategies to overcome the disadvantages and
interactive lecture and we discussed about the introduction,
definition, purposes, phases, role, advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

Learning is more valued only when the knowledge acquired is

combined with skill. Lectures, discussions and many other
techniques are incomplete as they do not provide a combination of
knowledge and skill. This flaw is always rectified by
demonstrations. Demonstrations show the learners, how something
works and what procedures to be followed in doing a particular job.
Demonstration of the skills is often required in order for the learner
to fully comprehend as well as apply the new knowledge,
competencies, skills, concepts and or truth. Learning is more valued
only when the knowledge acquired is combined with skill.
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Demonstrations show the learners, how something works and what
procedures to be followed in doing a particular job.

Recapitulation

 What is lecture method?

 Which are the purposes of lecture method?
 Which all are the factors influencing planning lecture?
5 mins Discuss the Discussing the Actively LCD
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of lecture What are the
advantages and advantages and listening and
method? advantages and
disadvantages disadvantages writing notes
 What is demonstration? disadvantages of
demonstration demonstration
 Which all are the purposes of demonstration? demonstration?
 What is the role of demonstrator?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
demonstration?

References

 B Sankaranarayan, Learning and Teaching Nursing, third

edition, Brainfill Publishers, 2009.
 R Sudha, Nursing Education Principles and Concepts, first
edition, Jaypee publication, 2013.
 D Elakkuvana Bhaskara Raj, Nursing Education, first
edition, Jaypee publication, 2018.
 K P Neeraja Textbook of Nursing Education, First edition,
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Jaypee publication, 2003.

Jaspreet Kaur Sodhi, Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing

Educaytion, second edition, Jaypee publication, 2022.
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TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S LEARNER’S AV EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS