Grade Subject Year Question Type

SAT Analytical Reasoning 2019 Analytical Reaso

SAT Analytical Reasoning 2019 Passage based

SAT Logical Reasoning 2019 Passage based
LSAT 2019 Passage based
LSAT Logical Reasoning 2019 Passage based
 Question Answer

A medical clinic has a staff of five doctors—Drs.

Albert, Burns, Calogero, Defeo, and Evans. The
national medical society sponsors exactly five
conferences, which the clinic’s doctors
attend,subject to the following constraints:

If Dr. Albert attends a conference, then Dr. Defeo

does not attend it.
If Dr. Burns attends a conference, then either Dr.
Calogero or Dr. Defeo, but not both, attends it.
If Dr. Calogero attends a conference, then Dr.
Evans does not attend it.
If Dr. Evans attends a conference, then either Dr.
Albert or Dr. Burns, but not both, attends it.
If Dr. Burns
attends one of the conferences, then which one of
the following could be a complete
and accurate list of the other members of the
clinic who also attend that conference?
(A) Drs. Albert and Defeo
(B) Drs. Albert and Evans
(C) Drs. Calogero and Defeo
(D) Dr. Defeo
(E) Dr. Evans D

Which one of the following, if substituted for the

condition that motorbike servicing has to be
earlier than laundry, would have the same effect
in determining the order of the student’s
activities?
(A) Laundry has to be one of the last three
activities.
(B) Laundry has to be either immediately before
or immediately after jogging.
(C) Jogging has to be earlier than laundry.
(D) Laundry has to be earlier than hedge
trimming.
(E) Laundry has to be earlier than jogging. C
Electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom in
the same way that the Earth orbits around the
Sun.
It is well known that gravity is the major force
that determines the orbit of the Earth. We may,
therefore, expect that gravity is the main force
that determines the orbit of an electron.
The argument above attempts to prove its case
by
(A) applying well-known general laws to a specific
case
(B) appealing to well-known specific cases to
prove a general law about them
(C) testing its conclusion by a definite experiment
(D) appealing to an apparently similar case
(E) stating its conclusion without giving any kind
of reason to think it might be true D
member finds food, other members observe its
behavior and flock to the food source. On the
other hand, competition within
the school for food may be intense: some mysids
circle around to the back of the school in order to
eat food particles surreptitiously. Schooling can
facilitate the search for mates, but as a school's
numbers rise, food may become locally scarce
and females may produce smaller clutches of
eggs,
or adults may start to feed on the young. Thus,
circumstances apparently dictate the optimal size
of a school; if that size is exceeded, some of the
animals will join another school.
Which one of the following best
expresses the main idea of the passage?
(A) The optimal size of a school of invertebrates is
determined by many different circumstances,
but primarily by issues of competition.
(B) The internal structure of a group of
invertebrates determines what defensive
maneuvers that
group can perform.
(C) Although in many respects invertebrate
schools behave in the same way that fish schools
do, in
some respects
the two types of schools differ.
(D) Certain invertebrates have been discovered to
engage in schooling, a behavior that confers a
number of benefits.
(E) Invertebrate schooling is more directed
toward avoiding or reducing predation than
toward
finding food sources. D
1907, the bridge’s designer, Theodore Cooper,
received word that the suspended span being
built out from the Bridge’s cantilever was
deflecting downward by a fraction of an inch
[2.56 centimeters]. Before he could telegraph to
freeze the project, the whole cantilever arm
broke off and plunged, along with seven dozen
workers, into the St. Lawrence River. It was the
worst bridge construction disaster in history. As a
direct result of the inquiry that followed, the
engineering “rules of thumb” by which thousands
of bridges had been
built around the world went down with the
Quebec Bridge. Twentieth-century bridge
engineers would thereafter depend on far more
rigorous applications of mathematical analysis.
Which one of the following statements can be
properly inferred from the passage? (A)
Bridges built before about 1907 were built
without thorough mathematical analysis and,
therefore, were unsafe for the public to use.
(B) Cooper’s absence from the Quebec Bridge
construction site resulted in the breaking off of
the cantilever.
(C) Nineteenth-century bridge engineers relied on
their rules of thumb because analytical methods
were inadequate to solve their design problems.
(D) Only a more rigorous application of
mathematical analysis to the design of the
Quebec Bridge
could have prevented its collapse.
(E) Prior to 1907 the mathematical analysis
incorporated in engineering rules of thumb was
insufficient to completely assure the safety of
bridges under construction. E
 Explanation Corresponding Images

We know from the second condition that at least

one other person must accompany Dr. Burns, and
that among those who accompany Dr. Burns are
either Dr. Calogero or else Dr. Defeo. Since the
conditions do not require anyone to accompany Dr.
Defeo, it is possible that Dr. Defeo is the only
person to accompany Dr. Burns. Thus, response (D)
is an accurate response, in that it is possible that
Drs. Burns and Defeo attend the same conference,
and it is a complete response, in that Drs. Burns
and Defeo could be the only doctors of the five to
attend the conference. So response (D) is correct.

This question asks you to select the condition

which, if substituted for the third condition in the
passage (repeated below), would have the same
effect as the original condition.
Third condition: Motorbike servicing has to be
earlier than laundry.
In this case, you can deduce that the correct
answer choice is (C):
(C) Jogging has to be earlier than laundry.
This question requires the examinee to identify the
method exhibited in an argument. The passage
draws a parallel between two cases that share a
similar trait: (1) the orbit of electrons around an
atom’s nucleus and (2) the orbit of the Earth around
the Sun in our solar system. It uses knowledge
about the second case (the fact that “gravity is the
major force that determines the orbit of the
Earth”) to draw an inference about the first (that
“gravity is the main force that determines the orbit
of an electron”). The passage is “appealing to an
apparently similar case” (the role of
gravity in determining the Earth’s orbit) to establish
a conclusion about the role of gravity in
determining an electron’s orbit. Therefore, (D) is
the credited response.
D) is the credited response because, as you can see
from the synopsis, the passage begins by
making the point that there are invertebrates that
form schools. Most of the rest of the passage
presents benefits that schooling invertebrates may
derive from their schooling behavior. Choice (D)
accurately captures both of these aspects of the
main point.
Quebec Bridge collapsed while under construction
and the rules of thumb being used were
abandoned as a result, it can be inferred that the
rules of thumb used in building the Quebec Bridge
and bridges prior to 1907 were insufficient to
completely assure the safety of bridges under
construction. Finally, since the alternative to the old
engineering rules of thumb that was adopted
was to “depend on far more rigorous applications of
mathematical analysis,” it can be inferred that
it was the mathematical analysis incorporated in
the engineering rules of thumb used prior to 1907
that made them insufficient to completely assure
the safety of bridges under construction. Thus, (E)
is the credited response.