Part I: Multiple Choice (1 point each)
Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the best definition of vulnerability in disaster risk reduction?
a) The probability of a hazard occurring
b) The inability to prepare for disasters
c) The susceptibility of a community, system, or asset to damage from hazards
d) The number of people affected by a disaster
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of vulnerability?
a) Physical
b) Psychological
c) Social
d) Environmental
3. According to UNESCO/UNDRO (1982), how is vulnerability expressed?
a) On a scale from 1 to 10
b) As a percentage
c) On a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss)
d) In absolute numbers
4. Which of the following best describes social vulnerability?
a) The damage caused to infrastructure and housing
b) The inability of individuals or groups to withstand hazards due to social factors
c) The impact of disasters on business and trade
d) The depletion of natural resources
5. A community living in a flood-prone area with no proper drainage system is considered
to have high:
a) Exposure
b) Resilience
c) Adaptation
d) Recovery rate
Part II: True or False (1 point each)
Write T if the statement is true, and F if it is false.
6. ___ Vulnerability is only determined by physical factors.
7. ___ High exposure to hazards automatically means a community is vulnerable.
8. ___ A well-educated population is generally less socially vulnerable.
9. ___ Economic vulnerability affects poor communities more than wealthy ones.
10. ___ Implementing building codes is a way to reduce vulnerability.
Part III: Matching Type (1 point each)
Match the type of vulnerability to its correct description.
| A. Physical Vulnerability | B. Economic Vulnerability | C. Social Vulnerability | D.
Environmental Vulnerability
11. Damage to houses and roads after an earthquake.
12. High poverty rates increasing disaster risk.
13. Deforestation leading to landslides.
14. Lack of education about disaster preparedness.
15. Weak healthcare systems in disaster-prone areas.
Part IV: Short Answer (3 points each)
Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences.
16. Why are some communities more vulnerable to disasters than others?
17. Explain how governance can influence a community’s vulnerability to hazards.
18. What are two strategies to reduce social vulnerability?
19. Give an example of how economic vulnerability can worsen the impact of a disaster.
20. How does resilience play a role in reducing disaster vulnerability?
Part V: Essay (10 points)
Write a short essay (at least 5 sentences) answering the following question:
21. “How does vulnerability affect disaster risk, and what can be done to build a more
resilient society?”
