3: INTRODUCTION-CGC 1D1 STUDY NOTES: What every map should have on it…
Map elements -
TITLE :
You should be able to answer the question: “
?”
The LEGEND:
❖ The legend describes
❖ If you are not absolutely sure someone will understand the symbol, put it on the legend!
Compass Rose (North Arrow)
SCALE:
▪ The small distance on a map represents a much larger distance on the Earth’s surface
▪ The scale can be numerical, in text, or in the form of a diagram.
TYPES OF SCALE:
1. : This is when you say a specific distance on the map
represents a distance in real life or the real world. FOR EXAMPLE:
1
▪
▪ This means 1cm on a is actually 10km in
2. : is indicated or represented by some line or lines drawn on
a map and a specific length represents a real distance in the world.
Example:
0 20 Kilometers
▪ This ( ) much space on the is actually
km in the real world
3. : a statement that says if you take “ONE” distance on your
map, it will be multiplied by the other number to give the real world value. For example:
▪ 1 : 50 000
▪ This means “1” of anything on the would be “50 000” times it in the
▪ SO… in other words, if you measured the distance between Toronto and
Pickering as 1 cm, how far would actually be? Write it out, show your work…
i. 1 cm : cm
ii. Or meters (1m/100cm x ______ centimeters)
iii. Or kilometers (1km/1000m x ______ meters)
LARGE-SCALE MAPS:
SMALL-SCALE MAPS:
2
MAP LABELS:
Labels
Avoid repetition – !
Some examples include:
DATE OF :
This tells us how
When is this important?
As you work, keep in mind:
As you work, consider ways in which you can simplify your design and make it easier
to understand and read
Putting in too much detail or making it too complicated can confuse readers and work
against effective communication.
EXTRA NOTES:
DIRECTION…
• Compass Bearings!
3
• Lets watch a short video about compass direction or bearings then we will see if you
understood – You may want to put down a note for this while you watch…
• https://youtu.be/4dNTYGY4qM4
COMPASS/DIRECTION FACTS:
A circle and a Compass have 360 degrees
Cardinal points are the 4 main directional points:
N (North), E (East), S (South),W (West)
Ordinal Points are:
The 12 points that fall between the Cardinal Points
NE ( ), SE ( ), SW ( ), NW ( ), NNE ( ), ENE (
), ESE ( ), SSE ( ), SSW ( ), WSW ( ), WNW ( ), NNW (
)
BEARINGS AND DIRECTION
Use the following diagram to help you learn about “Bearings.”
Bearings are another way to tell you what direction to travel! (Like north, east, south,
west, north west, south east etc... only now you can say it as a “Bearing”). If you want
you can do this on your diagram digitally, OR do it on a blank piece of paper so you can
practice again in the future! (You don’t have to draw the whole diagram again, just
position your answers)
4
5
Can you label the 4 CARDINAL and 12 ORDINAL points? Give
it a try… You don’t have to do it on here, you can use a scrap
piece of paper and just write the bearing and which point
goes there…
The Seasons – Longitude and Latitude
6
LATITUDE and LONGITUDE – Video: https://youtu.be/swKBi6hHHMA?t=2
LONGITUDE-
NOTES:
If the Earth were flat, rectangular coordinates (x,y) would be sufficient to
describe the locations of points on its surface. However, Earth is a sphere with
no sides, and a special frame of reference is needed. The poles of Earth provide
this reference frame.
Lines of Latitude
EQUATOR – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts
(Northern & Southern hemispheres)
• Are imaginary lines
• The Equator is the starting point (0 degrees) for latitude lines
• Measure the distance North & South of the Equator
• Lines are drawn around the Earth, parallel to the Equator
• Lines never intersect each other
• Lines are
approximately
111 km apart
7
Lines of Longitude
PRIME MERIDIAN – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts
(Eastern & Western hemispheres)
• Are imaginary lines
• The Prime Meridian is the starting point (0 degrees) for longitude lines
• The International Date Line is the 180 degree meridian
• When you cross the International Date Line, you change the date!
• Measure the distance East and West of the Prime Meridian
• Lines are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole
• Lines converge at the poles and are furthest apart at the Equator
• Longitude lines are longer than latitude lines
• Lines are used to determine time zones
Using the latitude & longitude grid we can pinpoint the “ABSOLUTE LOCATION” of any place
on the Earth. This location is specified by a series of numbers, degrees, minutes, seconds
EXAMPLE: 44˚ 25’ 14” N
8
TIME ZONES… Video: You may want to put a few notes here just so you understand
URL: https://youtu.be/kDWHM00sZJc
NOTES:
CANADA’s TIME ZONES
What is the INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE?? Video: https://youtu.be/4ZuDzFjzoqc
NOTES:
