ME231: Tutorial 2
1. A flow field is given by V⃗ = Axî + 2Ay ĵ, where A = 2 s−1 . Verify that
the parametric equations for particle motion are given by xp = c1 eAt
and yp = c2 e2At . Obtain the equation for the pathline of the particle
located at the point (x, y) = (2, 2) at the instant t = 0. Compare this
pathline with the streamline through the same point.
2. Consider the velocity field V⃗ = 1+t
x
î+y ĵ. Plot the family of streamlines
and pathlines. Additionally, derive the expression for streakline from
time 0-2s.
3. The shaded area shown is in a flow where the velocity field is given by
V⃗ = axî + by ĵ; a = b = 1 s−1 , and the coordinates are measured in
meters. Evaluate the volume flow rate and the momentum flux through
the shaded area (ρ = 1 kg/m3 ).
Figure 1: Problem 3
1
4. Obtain expressions for the volume flow rate and the momentum flux
through the cross-section 1 of the control volume shown in the dia-
gram.
Figure 2: Problem 4
5. The velocity distribution for laminar flow in a long circular tube of
radius R is given by the one-dimensional expression,
" 2 #
r
V⃗ = uî = umax 1− î
R
For this profile obtain expressions for the volume flow rate and the
momentum flux through a section normal to the pipe axis.
6. Oil flows steadily in a thin layer down an inclined plane. The velocity
profile is
y2
" #
ρg sin θ
u= hy −
µ 2
Express the mass flow rate per unit width in terms of ρ, µ, g, θ, and h.
Figure 3: Problem 6
7. The velocity profile for laminar flow in an annulus is given by
R2 − Ri2
" #
∆p Ro
u(r) = − Ro2 − r2 + o ln
4µL ln(Ri /Ro ) r
2
where ∆p/L = −10 kP a/m is the pressure gradient, µ is the viscosity
(SAE 10 oil at 20◦ C), and Ro = 5 mm and Ri = 1 mm are the outer
and inner radii. Find the volume flow rate, the average velocity, and
the maximum velocity. Plot the velocity distribution.
Figure 4: Problem 7
8. Find the force required to hold the plug in place at the exit of the water
pipe. The flow rate is 1.5 m3 /s, and the upstream pressure is 3.5 M P a.
Figure 5: Problem 8
9. A tank of water sits on a cart with frictionless wheels as shown. The
cart is attached using a cable to a mass M = 10kg, and the coefficient
of static friction of the mass with the ground is µ = 0.55. If the
gate blocking the tank exit is removed, will the resulting exit flow be
sufficient to start the tank moving? (Assume √ that the water flow is
frictionless and that the jet velocity is V = 2gh , where h = 2m is
the depth of the water.) Find the mass M that is just sufficient to hold
the tank in place.
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Figure 6: Problem 9
10. A shallow circular dish has a sharp-edged orifice at its center. A water
jet, of speed V , strikes the dish concentrically. Obtain an expression
for the external force needed to hold the dish in place if the jet issuing
from the orifice also has speed V . Evaluate the force for V = 5 m/s,
D = 100 mm, and d = 25 mm. Plot the required force as a function
of the angle θ(0 ≤ θ ≤ 90◦ ) with diameter ratio as a parameter for a
suitable range of diameter d.
Figure 7: Problem 10
11. Water flows steadily through the nozzle shown, discharging to atmo-
sphere. Calculate the horizontal component of force in the flanged
joint. Indicate whether the joint is in tension or compression.
12. A small cart that carries a single turning vane rolls on a level track.
The cart mass is M = 5 kg and its initial speed is U0 = 5 m/s. At
t = 0, the vane is struck by an opposing jet of water, as shown. Neglect
any external forces due to air or rolling resistance. Determine the jet
speed V required to bring the cart to rest in (a) 1 s and (b) 2 s. In
each case find the total distance traveled.
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Figure 8: Problem 11
Figure 9: Problem 12
