1.
The wall of a tube 4𝑚 long and 20𝑚𝑚 diameter is held at constant temperature by
providing a steam jacket. A viscous fluid enters the tube at 30℃ and leaves at 40℃ at
the rate of 180 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟. Determine (i) the average heat transfer coefficient, and (ii) the
𝑑
0.67 𝑅𝑒𝑃𝑟
𝑙
wall temperature. Use the following correlation: 𝑁𝑢 = 3.65 + 𝑑 0.67 .
1+0.04( 𝑅𝑒𝑃𝑟)
𝑙
Take the following thermophysical properties of the fluid:
𝑘𝑔 𝐽
𝜌 = 850 3
; 𝑘 = 0.1396 𝑊 ⁄𝑚𝐾 ; 𝜈 = 5.1 × 10−6 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 ; 𝑐𝑝 = 2000
𝑚 𝑘𝑔𝐾
2. A steam condenser is transferring 250 𝑘𝑊 of thermal energy at a condensing
temperature of 65℃. The cooling water enters the condenser at 20℃ with a mass flow
rate of 7500 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ𝑟 . (i) Calculate the log mean temperature difference. (ii) If overall
heat transfer coefficient for the condenser surface is 1250 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 ℃, what surface area
is required to handle this load? (iii) What error would be introduced if the arithmetic
mean temperature difference is used rather than the log-mean temperature difference?
Assume the specific heat of cooling water as 𝑐𝑝 = 4.2 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔𝐾 .
3. A vertical plate is maintained at 40℃ in still air at 20℃. Determine the height at which
the boundary layer will turn turbulent, if the turbulence sets in at 𝐺𝑟. 𝑃𝑟 = 109 . The
properties of air at the film temperature are:
𝜈 = 16 × 10−6 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 , 𝜌 = 1.165 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 , 𝑃𝑟 = 0.71.
Repeat the problem for water flow at the same film temperature. The properties of water
are:
𝜈 = 0.8315 × 10−6 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 , 𝛽 = 0.31 × 10−3 𝐾 −1 , 𝑃𝑟 = 0.71.
4. In a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger, water is heated from 25℃ to 65℃ by oil
with a specific heat of 1.45 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔℃ and mass flow rate of 0.9 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑠 . The oil is cooled
from 230℃ to 160℃. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 410 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 ℃ calculate
(i) the rate of heat transfer (ii) the mass flow rate of water (iii) the surface area of the
heat exchanger.
5. An oil cooler for a lubrication system must cool 1000 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ of oil (𝑐𝑝 =
2.09 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔℃) from 80℃ to 40℃ by using cooling water flow of 1000 𝑘𝑔⁄ℎ (𝑐𝑝 =
4.18 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔℃) at 30℃. Give your choice for a parallel flow or counter-flow heat
exchanger, with reasons. Also calculate the surface area of the heat exchanger if the
overall heat transfer coefficient is 𝑈 = 24 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 ℃ .
6. When 0.5 𝑘𝑔 of water per minute is passed through a tube of 20 𝑚𝑚 diameter, it is
found to be heated from 20℃ to 50℃. The heating is accomplished by condensing
steam on the surface of the tube and subsequently the surface temperature of the tube
is maintained at 85℃. Determine the length of the tube required for fully developed
flow.
Take the thermophysical properties of water at 60℃ as:
𝜌 = 983.2 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ; 𝑘 = 0.659 𝑊 ⁄𝑚℃ ; 𝜈 = 0.478 × 10−6 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 ; 𝑐𝑝 =
4.178 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔℃
7. Show by the method of dimensional analysis that for natural convection heat transfer
the Nusselt number is a function of the Grashoff number and the Prandtl number.
8. In a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger, water is heated from 25℃ to 65℃ by oil
with a specific heat of 1.45 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔℃ and mass flow rate of 0.9 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑠 . The oil is cooled
from 230℃ to 160℃. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 410 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 ℃ calculate
(i) the rate of heat transfer (ii) the mass flow rate of water (iii) the surface area of the
heat exchanger.
