HEAT & MASS TRANSFER ASSIGNMENT (CLO1 & CLO2)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

NED University of Engineering & Technology
Spring 2025

Max. marks: 𝟐 (CLO1) + 𝟑 (CLO2) = 𝟓 marks Date of submission: 16-05-2025

Q.1 [CLO1] Air at 10°C and at a pressure of 100 kPa is flowing over a plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. If the plate
is 30 cm wide and 0.5m in length at a temperature of 60°C, calculate the following quantities.
At 𝑥 = 0.3 m:
(i) Boundary layer thickness (iv) Thermal boundary layer thickness
(ii) Local friction coefficient (v) Local convective heat transfer coefficient
(iii) Local shearing stress
For the entire plate:
(vi) Total drag force (vii) Heat transfer from the plate
Q.2 [CLO1] In a particular solar collector, energy is collected by placing a tube at the focal line of a parabolic
collector and passing fluid through the tube. The arrangement results in a uniform heat flux of 2000 W/m2 along
the axis of the tube of diameter 60 mm. Determine:
(i) the length of the tube required to heat the water from 20°C to 80°C, which flows at the rate of 0.01
kg/s, and
(ii) the surface temperature at the outlet of the tube.

Q.3 [CLO1] Oil at 20°C flows at an average velocity of 2 m/s through a pipeline 30 cm in diameter. A 200 m
long section of the pipeline passes through icy water of a lake at 0°C. The measurements reveal that the surface
temperature of the pipe is very near to 0°C. Ignoring the thermal resistance of the pipe material, determine:
(i) the temperature of the oil when the pipe leaves the lake,
(ii) the rate of heat transfer from the oil, and
(iii) the pumping power is required to overcome the pressure losses and to maintain the flow of oil in
the pipe.
Q.4 [CLO1]
(a) Air at a temperature of 20°C flows through a rectangular duct with a velocity of 10 m/s. The duct is 30 cm
by 20 cm in size and air leaves at 34°C. Find the heat gained by air when it passes through a 10 m long duct.
(b) In a long annulus (3.5 cm inner diameter and 5 cm outer diameter), the water is heated by maintaining the
outer surface of the inner tube at 60°C. The water enters at 20°C and leaves at 34°C while its flow rate is 2 m/s.
Estimate the heat transfer coefficient.

Q.5 [CLO2] A steam condenser that is employed in a steam power plant handles 35,000 kg/h of dry and
saturated steam at 50°C. The cooling water enters the condenser at 15°C and leaves at 25°C. The tubes are 22.5
mm inside diameter and 25 mm outside diameter. The water flows through the tubes at an average velocity of 2
m/s. The heat transfer coefficient on the steam side is 5000 W/m2·K. Calculate:
(i) the mass flow rate of the water,
(ii) the heat transfer surface area,
(iii) the number of tubes required for the water flow, and
(iv) the number of tube passes in the condenser if the length of each tube per pass should not be more
than 2.5 m.
Ignore the thermal resistance of the wall material and assume that the condensate coming out of the condenser
is saturated water, i.e. the steam loses only its latent heat. Take the latent heat of the steam as 2374 kJ/kg. The
following properties of water at the mean bulk temperature of 20°C may be used:
𝜌 = 998.8 kg/m3 , 𝑐𝑝 = 4180 J/kg·K, 𝜈 = 1.0006 × 10−6 m2/s, and 𝑘𝑓 = 0.59859 W/m·K
Q.6 [CLO2] A chemical industry produces 200 tons of sulphuric acid per day when running for 24 hours. The
acid is cooled in a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger from 60°C to 40°C. The cooling medium employed
is water, which enters the exchanger at 15°C and leaves at 20°C. The acid flows through the inner pipe, while
the water flows through the annulus. The inner and outer diameters of the inner pipe are 70 mm and 80 mm,
respectively, while that of the outer pipe are 120 mm and 130 mm, respectively. The thermal conductivity of
the inner pipe material is 46.5 W/m·K. Calculate:
(i) the mass flow rate of the water per hour, and
(ii) the length of the heat exchanger.
Use the following properties of the water and acid at the mean bulk temperature:

Property Water Acid

𝝆 (kg/m3) 998.2 1800

𝒄𝒑 (kJ/kg·K) 4.18 1.465
𝒌𝒇 (W/m.K) 0.598 0.302

𝝊 (m2/s) 1.006 × 10-6 6.8 × 10-6

𝑹𝒇 (m2.K/W) - 0.0002
Pr 7.01 59.37

Q.7 [CLO2] Hot oil is to be cooled by water in a one-shell and eight-tube pass heat exchanger. The tubes are
thin-walled and made of copper with an internal diameter of 1.4 cm. The length of each tube pass in the
exchanger is 5 m and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 310 W/m2·K. The water flows through the tubes at
the rate of 0.2 kg/s and oil through the shell at a rate of 0.3 kg/s. The water and oil enter at temperatures of 20°C
and 150°C, respectively. Calculate the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger and the outlet temperatures of
water and oil. Take specific heats of water and oil as 4.18 and 2.13 kJ/kg·K, respectively. Use 𝜖-NTU method.
Q.8 [CLO2] In a shell and tube counter-flow heat exchanger, water flows through a copper tube 20 mm I.D.
(internal diameter) and 23 mm O.D. (outer diameter), while oil flows through the shell. Water enters at 20°C
and comes out at 30°C, while oil enters at 75°C and comes out at 60°C. The water and oil side film coefficients
are 4500 and 1250 W/m2·°C. respectively. The thermal conductivity of the tube wall is 355 W/m·°C. The fouling
factors on the water and oil sides may be taken to be 0.0004 and 0.001 respectively. If the length of the tube is
2.4 m, calculate:
(i) the overall heat transfer coefficient, and
(ii) the heat transfer rate.
Q.9 [CLO2] In open-heart surgery under hypothermic conditions, the patient’s blood is cooled before the
surgery and rewarmed afterward. It is proposed that a concentric tube counterflow heat exchanger of 0.5 m
length be used for this purpose with a thin-walled inner tube that has a diameter of 55 mm. If the water at 60°C
and 0.10 kg/s is used to heat the blood entering the exchanger at 18°C and 0.05 kg/s, what is the temperature of
the blood leaving the exchanger? The overall heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2·K and the specific heat of
the blood is 3500 J/kg·K. Use 𝜖-NTU method.
Q.10 [CLO2] Air at 25°C flows over a crossflow car radiator and cools water from 99°C to 60°C. The water
flows at the rate of 4 kg/min through a number of separate passages within the heat exchanger. The mass flow
rate of the air is 14 kg/min. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 80 W/m2·K, determine the required heat
exchanger effectiveness and heat transfer area. Solve the problem using LMTD and 𝜖-NTU methods and
compare the results.