Q.
1 Write a program in C or C++ language for the following functions
without using string.h header file:
a: "to get the length of a string, you use the strlen() function"
b: "To concatenate (combine) two strings, you can use the strcat() function
c: "To copy the value of one string to another, you can use the strcpy()"
d: "To compare two strings, you can use the strcmp() function." and other
related functions
Solution: Without using pointers:
#include <stdio.h>
// Function to get the length of a string
int my_strlen(char str[]) {
int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0') {
length++;
return length;
// Function to concatenate two strings
void my_strcat(char dest[], char src[]) {
int i = 0;
// Find the end of the destination string
while (dest[i] != '\0') {
i++;
}
int j = 0;
// Append the source string to the destination string
while (src[j] != '\0') {
dest[i] = src[j];
i++;
j++;
// Add the null-terminator
dest[i] = '\0';
// Function to copy one string to another
void my_strcpy(char dest[], char src[]) {
int i = 0;
// Copy characters from source to destination
while (src[i] != '\0') {
dest[i] = src[i];
i++;
// Add null-terminator
dest[i] = '\0';
// Function to compare two strings
int my_strcmp(char str1[], char str2[]) {
int i = 0;
// Compare the strings character by character
while (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0') {
if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
return str1[i] - str2[i]; // Return the difference between first non-
matching characters
i++;
// If one string is shorter than the other, return the difference in length
return str1[i] - str2[i];
int main() {
// Test data
char str1[100], str2[100], str3[100], str4[100];
// Input two strings
printf("Enter first string: ");
fgets(str1, sizeof(str1), stdin);
// Remove the newline character from fgets if present
str1[my_strlen(str1) - 1] = '\0';
printf("Enter second string: ");
fgets(str2, sizeof(str2), stdin);
str2[my_strlen(str2) - 1] = '\0';
// Part a: Get the length of a string
printf("\nLength of first string: %d\n", my_strlen(str1));
// Part b: Concatenate two strings
my_strcpy(str3, str1); // Copy str1 to str3
my_strcat(str3, str2); // Concatenate str2 to str3
printf("\nConcatenated string: %s\n", str3);
// Part c: Copy one string to another
my_strcpy(str4, str1);
printf("\nCopied string: %s\n", str4);
// Part d: Compare two strings
int result = my_strcmp(str1, str2);
if (result == 0) {
printf("\nStrings are equal.\n");
} else if (result < 0) {
printf("\nFirst string is lexicographically smaller than the second.\n");
} else {
printf("\nFirst string is lexicographically greater than the second.\n");
return 0;
With Using Pointers:
#include <stdio.h>
// Function to get the length of a string int my_strlen(const char *str) { int
length = 0; while (str[length] != '\0') { length++; } return length; }
// Function to concatenate two strings void my_strcat(char *dest, const char
*src) { // Move the pointer to the end of the destination string while (*dest !=
'\0') { dest++; }
// Append the source string to the destination string
while (*src != '\0') {
*dest = *src;
dest++;
src++;
}
// Add the null-terminator at the end of the concatenated string
*dest = '\0';
// Function to copy one string to another void my_strcpy(char *dest, const
char *src) { while (*src != '\0') { *dest = *src; dest++; src++; } *dest = '\
0'; // Ensure null-termination }
// Function to compare two strings int my_strcmp(const char *str1, const char
*str2) { while (*str1 != '\0' && *str2 != '\0') { if (*str1 != *str2) { return *str1
- *str2; // Return the difference between the first non-matching characters }
str1++; str2++; } return *str1 - *str2; // If one string is longer, this will return
the difference }
int main() { // Test data char str1[100], str2[100], str3[100], str4[100];
// Input two strings
printf("Enter first string: ");
fgets(str1, sizeof(str1), stdin);
// Remove the newline character from fgets if present
str1[my_strlen(str1) - 1] = '\0';
printf("Enter second string: ");
fgets(str2, sizeof(str2), stdin);
str2[my_strlen(str2) - 1] = '\0';
// Part a: Get the length of a string
printf("\nLength of first string: %d\n", my_strlen(str1));
// Part b: Concatenate two strings
my_strcpy(str3, str1); // Copy str1 to str3
my_strcat(str3, str2); // Concatenate str2 to str3
printf("\nConcatenated string: %s\n", str3);
// Part c: Copy one string to another
my_strcpy(str4, str1);
printf("\nCopied string: %s\n", str4);
// Part d: Compare two strings
int result = my_strcmp(str1, str2);
if (result == 0) {
printf("\nStrings are equal.\n");
} else if (result < 0) {
printf("\nFirst string is lexicographically smaller than the second.\n");
} else {
printf("\nFirst string is lexicographically greater than the second.\n");
}
return 0;
}
