CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.

1.1 Purpose of Study

The purpose of this research is to critically explore Intimacy and Pain as depicted in

the poems; A Little Violence by Seun Lari-Williams and Affection & Other Accidents

by Dami Ajayi. It aims to reflect the intersection between intimacy and pain, further

investigating the emotional dimension as it influences human relationships.

1.2 Scope of Study

The scope of this research is limited primarily to the work of Dami Ajayi’s Affection

& Other Accident and Seun Lari-Williams’ A Little Violence which explores intimacy

and pain as it shows how pain influences Intimacy and how intimacy can act as a

source of pain. This research is limited to some selected poems by closely reading to

unpacking the experiences of intimacy, the aim is to gain deep insights into the

complex dimensions of relationships between and the emotion that influences them.

1.3 Methodology

The research methods adopt a qualitative method. This involves textual analysis of the

poems. Extractions from secondary materials also be a source of the research.

Extraction from the library, the internet, and published journals.

1.4 Background of Poets

Seun Lari-Williams is a Nigerian Poet and a lawyer who resides in Belgium. He was

born and raised in Lagos, Nigeria. He studied law at the University of Lagos and was

called to the Nigerian Bar in 2014. He practiced law until 2019 when he received a

scholarship for a Master's degree in intellectual property law in Germany. His first

anthology ''Garri For Breakfast'' was published in 2016 and longlisted for the NLNG

Nigerian Prize for Literature in 2017. What later became the biggest influence on him

was from having been raised by his father, the late Lari Williams MFR. The
inspiration for ''A Little Violence'' according to him in an interview, ‘What inspired

''A Little Violence'' is a deep commitment to the ordinary Nigerians whose

experiences are not being represented adequately in the poetry scene. I was inspired

by the hungry and tired people begging on the streets and the needless deaths we hear

about every day. I got inspired to do something about the current situation in

Nigeria. I may not be as powerful as freedom fighters like Malcolm X and Nelson

Mandela but I could at least write about the pain experienced by my people in my

way. but I could at least write about the pain experienced by my people in my way.’

(gisturbia.blogspot). Lari-Williams takes the voices of regular Nigerian, Frustrated

lovers, Of parents. He also expresses his pain and grief as he digs deep into himself,

seeking mental peace.

Dami Ajayi hails from Nigeria. He is both a psychiatrist and writer. Ajayi was born

in Lagos in 1986 to a Yoruba-born family. He studied medicine at Obafemi Awolowo

University (OAU), located in Ile-Ife. He co-founded Araba Magazine in 2008 while

still an undergraduate at OAU, together with writers Toni Kan and Tunji Olalere for

The Lagos Review and YabaLeft Review.

He is described as someone who "writes about love like liquor that drowns a person

into his or her feelings," Ajayi was featured in the two-part BBC Radio 4 series

Writing a New Nigeria.

Radi8 Book published his third collection, Affection and Other Accidents, in 2022.

According to OlongoAfrica, it is "a personal narrative of pain" with "the signature of

his poetics by his deployment of accessible language and lapidary details of poems

that cross into the poet’s personal life and everyday realities." Peter Akinlabi called it

"an audacious testing of the very limits of self-revelation," where the poet’s act of
"practicing vulnerability" finds a most heightened articulation of love’s complexities

and contradictions."

1.5 Theoretical Background

This study uses Psychoanalytic theory as a framework for exploring pain and intimacy

through deeper understand of how the unconscious emotional conflict is expressed in

Seun Lari-Williams's A Little Violence and Dami Ajayi’s Affection and Other

Accident. This study shows how this em0otional conflict aligns with the

psychoanalysis theory.

Psychoanalytic theory emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,

particularly with the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud in ‘The Interpretation of

Dreams’ in 1899. This work serves the premise of psychoanalysis. In it, Freud argues

that dreams enable the unveiling of the unconscious mind’s hidden desires and

unresolved conflicts. He stated that “dreams are the royal road to the unconscious” (p.

43) signifying the significance of repressed memories and unconscious thoughts in

shaping human behavior.

This theory aims to understand mental disorders where a physical cause does

not seem readily evident by analyzing psychological conflicts. From his observations,

Freud proposed that the root cause of internal conflicts will lead to emotional, and

even physical symptoms (p. 52). His work led to a further understanding of how early

life experiences impact adult psychological health. Freud’s study of hysteria started in

partnership with Jean-Martin Charcot and Josef Breuer, wherein they used hypnosis
as a primary therapy. Subsequently, patients were provided with a treatment known as

‘the talking cure,’ which was later termed ‘free association.’ This enabled patients to

express their embedded thoughts more candidly. His experiences in practice caused

him to construct a theory around repression, defense mechanisms, and unfulfilled

wishes, all being the relevant pillars of psychoanalysis. Eventually, Freud moved

further from hypnosis and worked towards methods that stimulated self-exploration

(p. 78). Coming from a medical background in neurology, he had preconceived

notions that guided his approach, especially during his primary work concerning

patients who had psychological trauma without evident organic causes. Jones’s work

reminded him that the observation of these cases strengthened his conviction of

underlying conflicts of the unconscious being imperative in mental health (p. 67).

Freud divided the psychological faculties into id which is the seat of all basic

biological impulses, ego which is the manifestation of reality and controls Id urges,

while superego refers to the moral conscience which limits both Id and Ego (p. 29).

Freud claimed that interactions between the various elements of the mind, personality,

and behavioral aspects of a person greatly impact their psyche (p. 78). Additionally,

concepts such as defense mechanisms and transference are still key topics of

contemporary psychological research. His most prowess theories involve childhood

experiences and their effects in adulthood, which heavily impact a person’s emotional

state through various psychosexual stages.

Other than the clinical side, Freud‟s theories bear relevance in literature,

philosophy, and the arts. His theories have been employed in writing, narration,

character development, and symbols. The more critique his work was subject to, the
more importance his dreams and myths interpretations held. Yet, it is these theories of

psychoanalysis that created the most division. These opposing sentiments stem from

the fact that while some defend the eloquent revelations he put forth, others put

skepticism on the subjective methods used and the plethora of contradictions within

his arguments. Despite the debates, it is a fact that his work propelled the world of

psychology far ahead, aiding the development of Jungian psychology, modern

psychotherapy, object relations theory, and more. The development of psychoanalysis

and its associated disciplines stems from his work which offered a new perspective in

comprehending the difficulties and intricacies surrounding human thoughts, feelings

as well and actions.

Today, psychoanalysis is practiced in the form of clinical therapy, academic

research, and even cultural studies. Its relevance in the understanding of human

psychology cannot be overstated. Psychoanalysis rests on a few fundamental

principles, one of which is the fact that some of Freud's ideas may have been disputed,

but the conviction that there are unconscious phenomena that dictate behavior

persists.

Psychoanalysis is defined by the American Psychological Association as “a

set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods which have their origin in the

work of Sigmund Freud and which emphasize unconscious motivation and early

childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior” (p. 298). The Oxford

English Dictionary also describes psychoanalysis as “a system of psychological

theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the
interaction bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by

techniques such as dream interpretation and free association” (p. 437).

Laplanche and Pontalis give a definition regarding psychoanalysis as "The name

given to a procedure for the investigation of mental processes which are almost

inaccessible by any other means" (p. 367). Their viewpoint sees psychoanalysis as a

technique that investigates the hidden mind with its influence on thoughts and

behavior.

Psychoanalytic theory emerged from the influence of philosophy, medicine,

and culture which influence modern psychotherapy and it has shown light to other

disciplines like sociology, anthropology, and literary criticism. It later faced

evolutions and contributions by various theorists or scholars whose ideas later

sharpened and shaped psychoanalytic theory’s development.

Psychoanalytics emerged fighting against the backdrop of the 19th century

advancement of neurology, psychiatry, and philosophy.

Josef Breuer's famous "talking cure" influenced Freud to explore how repressed

emotions can be expressed through language, and this formed the basis of

psychoanalysis.

In Philosophical and cultural inspiration, Romantic and existential philosophies

emphasized irrational and unconscious aspects of the human psyche. The strict

morality of Victorian society also inspired Freud's focus on repressed sexual desires.

Another psychologist who is accredited as one of the founders of psychology

is Carl Jung. Jung was a one-time student and later became a colleague and rival of

Sigmund Freud. He is also inspired by Freud but later drifts apart from Freud because

of his sexism. Jung established what he called "the Collective Unconscious".

Jung's concept of the collective unconscious emphasizes the shared, invisible ties

between individuals and the universe. His idea brings and connects us to intimacy as

it suggests that our bonds with others are rooted in deeper, universal experiences and

archetypes. Pain, such as heartbreak or loss, taps into these shared unconscious

memories, making emotional experiences relatable across cultures and time.

Intimacy also often involves navigating the interplay between the conscious and

unconscious minds, as Jung believed. Understanding our unconscious fears or desires

can help foster deeper emotional closeness while also revealing the pain hidden within

our psyche.

William James is known and regarded as the founding father of American

psychology. James is known for his too mainly important contribution to psychology.

He established focus of psychology to involve human Emotions. James focused on the

relationship that is seen between physiological reactions and emotions. Intimacy is

often involved with vulnerability, which can elicit physical responses like a racing

heart or tears, interpreting feelings of love or grief. Pain, such as rejection or betrayal,

commonly shows in physiological changes that amplify our emotional experiences.

The notion that emotions are secondary to physical reactions can explain why

physical touch or proximity often triggers a feeling of connection or amplifies

emotional pain when absent.

Ivan Pavlov is an acclaimed experimental psychologist who commonly

features dogs in his experiments. Pavlov stands as one of the founding fathers of

psychology because he was purely a biologist. However, his findings in animal

behaviorism laid to open platform for considerable work on human behavior and

conditioning.
Pavlov's work on conditioning highlights how rewards and consequences shape

behavior. In intimate relationships, positive reinforcement such as kindness, affection,

etc. strengthens bonds, while negative experiences such as neglect, criticism, etc. can

create emotional pain or even fear-based behaviors. This idea ties in to show how pain

is learned and experienced in relationships. For example, patterns of emotional

neglect might condition someone to fear intimacy, associating closeness with

vulnerability to pain.

According to Berlucchi, Neuropsychology is a way in which the brain plays a

role in understanding relationships as it is seen in Emotional Processing, The

amygdala which is responsible for emotional responses, plays a significant role in

how we experience intimacy and pain. Joyful moments with loved ones activate the

amygdala, creating a sense of closeness, while painful experiences, like loss or

betrayal, heighten emotional distress.

In the reward centers, Intimacy often activates the brain's reward pathways,

releasing dopamine and also reinforcing bonds. Conversely, the absence of such

rewards, or the activation of stress-related pathways, underpins the experience of

emotional pain.

About Poetry, it serves as a tool or medium in which these concepts are

explored. It can evoke intimacy through shared emotional themes and amplify pain

through its vivid imagery and emotional resonance. The brain's processing of poetry

mirrors our experiences of closeness and loss:

The amygdala responds to the emotions in a poem, mirroring how we process feelings

in real-life relationships.

The hippocampus recalls personal experiences tied to the poem's themes, connecting

the art to our intimate or painful memories.

The reward centers engage when a poem resonates deeply, fostering a sense of

catharsis or healing.

Alfred Adler is crucial to psychology as he established the emotional

Fulfillment (procedure) of humans. He also gave another psychologist a test as he

challenged them to dig deeper into human connection.

Ades's theory which deals with the need to feel valued and appreciated drives directly

to intimacy. Close relationships are often built on the mutual acknowledgment of

worth and emotional security Pain arises when these needs are not met, leading to

feelings of insecurity, isolation (alienation), or unworthiness.

Adler's emphasis on overcoming insecurities resonates with the healing aspect of

intimacy, where trust and understanding can help individuals confront and move past

their emotional wounds.

John B. Watson is known as the father of behaviorism. He is accredited to be

the father of behaviorism. Watson's psychology "Subfield" on observable behavior in

humans and animals. Watson's emphasis on observable behaviors and environmental

stimuli aligns with how people intimacy and pain. Actions like hugging, crying, or

withdrawing are external manifestations of internal emotional states.

Infamously, his project is seen as "Little Albert" because of his experiment with

working with children, as he also shaped an 11-month-old to fear a white rat by

pairing the rat with a loud noise. This project aims to demonstrate emotional

responses (fear) can be a condition in the life of humans. This explains why painful

experiences can make individuals fearful of future intimacy. For example, hurt in past

relationships may associate closeness with pain and avoid someone in intimate

connections.
 Ernest Jones, a student of Freud, brought the ideas of psychoanalysis into

literature, especially in his famous essay ‘Hamlet and Oedipus’ (1949). In this essay,

he explains why Hamlet’s reluctance to avenge his father’s death. In the recent

interpretations, it suggested that Hamlet was either too philosophical, too moral, or

simply indecisive. But, Jones gave more psychological explanation: Hamlet’s

hesitation comes from an unconscious Oedipal conflict. According to Jones,

‘Hamlet’s hesitation is rooted in an unconscious Oedipal conflict, as Claudius has

fulfilled Hamlet’s repressed desires’ (p. 97).

Through the use of Psychoanalytic theory, intimacy, and pain can be explored

in Seun Lari-William's A Little Violence and Dami Ajayi's Affected & Other Accidents

as it reveals how both pain and intimacy are deeply interwoven in the human

experience and relationships. Intimacy often acts as a balm for pain, while pain can

serve as a barrier or enforcer in forming deeper connections. Understanding these

connections through the help of psychoanalysis provides insight into human

relationships and emotions through their experiences.

1.6 Review of Related Scholarship

Intimacy and pain have deep roots in our experiences and lives. Numerous academics

from a variety of fields have written about "Pain and Intimacy," highlighting its

importance in influencing people's experiences.

Elaine Scarry in her 1985 book The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking

of the World, Elaine Scarry develops her point that pain affects intimacy in two

different ways. On the one hand, suffering is hard to describe, which makes it
alienating because people can't fully understand or comprehend it. However, Scarry

contends that this alienation can be healed by caring for or observing another person's

suffering, forging close and meaningful bonds in the process. According to her, "To

have pain is to have certainty; to hear about pain is to have a doubt" (p. 11)

emphasizing how isolating pain can be. The notion that suffering can result in closer

interpersonal ties is further supported by her statement, "The act of perceiving pain

can be a bridge to intimacy when it engenders compassion and care" (p. 45).

Brené Brown, a social work and psychology researcher, highlights the

connection between vulnerability and emotional pain. She emphasizes that people

frequently conceal their feelings of pain to prevent rejection or condemnation in her

book Daring Greatly (2012). But according to Brown, being honest about pain

strengthens bonds and builds trust. "Vulnerability feels like courage and sounds like

truth," she says. Although they aren't always cozy, courage and truth are seldom signs

of weakness (p. 34). If people are honest about their feelings, painful situations like

failure or loss can become opportunities for connection, leading to intimacy and

mutual understanding.

Judith Butler approaches pain and sorrow from a philosophical perspective in

her 2004 book, Precarious Life: The Power of Mourning and Violence. She describes

how loss and grief show how much people depend on and need one another. "We are

undone by each other," writes Butler. And if we're not, we're missing something" (p.

23), highlighting how empathy and camaraderie are fostered by acknowledging pain

as a common human experience. This viewpoint emphasizes how hardship, especially

during times of shared suffering, may bring people together.

According to Jean-Paul Sartre's 1943 book, Being and Nothingness, pain is a force

that forces people to face their freedom and other people's realities. According to

Sartre, pain is a conceptual and existential experience in addition to being a bodily

one. His assertion that "Pain reveals the presence of the Other in its most undeniable

form" (p. 340) implies that genuine encounters and the shared experience of struggle

are the sources of intimacy, fostering bonds that go beyond surface-level interactions.

In Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), psychoanalytic pioneer Sigmund

Freud offers a psychological viewpoint on pain. He describes how relationships are

impacted by pain, especially trauma, which shapes how individuals relate to one

another. According to Freud, "an unconscious desire to master the trauma drives the

compulsion to repeat it" (p. 22). He contends that people occasionally revisit

traumatic events from the past in their relationships, which can either deepen or erode

emotional ties. However, sharing hardships and resolving unresolved issues together

frequently results in the development of these bonds.

Sara Ahmed and other cultural academics investigate the way pain shapes

human experiences. She examines how social and cultural trauma creates emotional

bonds in her 2004 book The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Ahmed demonstrates how

shared pain, such as historical suffering or collective loss, may unite people in

empathy when he says, "Pain binds us, but it also blinds us" (p. 30). Her art

demonstrates how pain shapes relationships and communities as a collective and

personal force.
 It is clear from these researchers' viewpoints that intimacy and pain are deeply

interconnected. Even though pain might be isolated, when it is acknowledged and

shared, it can also promote solid relationships, trust, and unity.

1.8 Thesis Statement

This research reveals the exploration of Intimacy and Pain examining the profound

relationship between humans relationship through their experiences mirroring the

emotional reflection in intimacy, Pain, and the intersection of Intimacy and pain

through Dami Ajayi’s Affections & Other Accidents and Seun Lari-Williams’s A Little

Violence drawing from psychoanalytic theory.

 CHAPTER TWO

INTIMACY EMOTIONAL REFLECTION

2.0 Introduction

Intimacy is an essential aspect of human relationships, shaping emotional connections

and influencing interactions between individuals. It is a fundamental element in

human experience that transcends romantic relationships, extending into friendships,

familiar bonds, and spiritual connections. The emotional dimensions of intimacy

contribute to an individual's psychological reasoning, while it also exposes

vulnerabilities that may lead to emotional distress. This chapter explores the

complexity of intimacy, particularly its emotional reflections, as presented in Ajayi’s

Affection and Lari-Williams’ Violence. It draws from the psychoanalytic theories.

This discussion highlights the intricate nature of intimacy by examining the emotions

it evokes, the psychological frameworks that explain it, and its significance in human

relationships.

2.1 Intimacy

Intimacy is a fundamental component of human relationships, shaping the

depth and quality of interactions between individuals. It extends beyond romantic

engagements to encompass friendships, familial bonds, and spiritual connections.

Intimacy is the ability to form and sustain close connections through mutual

vulnerability and trust. This understanding highlights that intimacy is not merely an
emotional experience but a social and psychological phenomenon that influences

personal identity and well-being.

Seun Lari-Williams' poem “Table for Old Gods”(Pp. 49-51), encapsulates the

universal human longing for intimacy through its invocation of mythological figures,

where Zeus invites other gods to partake in a communal gathering. The call,

Come Sango.

Come Sopono.

Come sit with us

at the garden of our past. (p. 49)

suggests a shared history that binds the gods together, paralleling how human

relationships are often anchored in collective memory and emotional bonds. The

phrase "garden of our past" functions as a metaphor for nostalgia, a space where

individuals find solace in past experiences. This theme aligns with John Bowlby’s

psychoanalytic theories on attachment, where past emotional ties continue to shape

present relationships .This state that, "The propensity to make strong emotional bonds

to particular individuals is a basic component of human nature" ( p. 26).

The fragility of these bonds is further emphasized in the image of a "rickety

table", which symbolizes the impermanence of relationships and the vulnerability of

those seeking connection. The notion that intimacy is precarious yet essential is

reinforced in the lines:

Come sit with us and eat

the crumbs that fall

from the table

where new gods feast. (p. 50)

The reference to “crumbs” highlights the loss of status and relevance, drawing

attention to how relationships may diminish over time. Similarly, the "new gods"

represent a shift in relational dynamics, where individuals may feel replaced or

sidelined, mirroring the existential fear of abandonment. This echoes Erik Erikson’s

psychosocial theory further explains this by stating, "The inability to develop a sense

of intimacy leads to isolation and despair" (p. 245). Which posits that individuals

must navigate personal insecurities to maintain meaningful intimacy.

Furthermore, the poem explores identity crises within intimate relationships,

as seen in the ironic address to the "god of Iron or shall I call you god of rust?" (p.

51). This line reflects the inevitable transformation of individuals over time, where

changes in personal identity affect the nature of intimacy. Jacques Marie

Émile Lacan’s concept of the "Mirror Stage" is relevant here, as it underscores how

identity is continuously reshaped through interactions with others: "The mirror stage

is a drama whose internal thrust is precipitated from insufficiency to anticipation" ( p.

5). The plea, "Come sit with us, / abandoned Chi, / jobless guardian"(50).

Demonstrate the emotional toll of disconnection, emphasizing the human tendency to

seek comfort in shared vulnerabilities. Freud also explores this in his theory of

mourning and melancholia, asserting, "Mourning has a quite precise psychical task to

perform: its function is to detach the libido from its lost objects" ( p. 35).

Lari-Williams' depiction of intimacy, therefore, extends beyond personal

relationships to explore broader existential themes, illustrating how individuals

construct meaning through connection. His work suggests that intimacy is both a

refuge and a struggle, a space where individuals confront their fears of irrelevance,

loneliness, and displacement.

2.2 Dimensions of Intimacy: Emotional, Physical, and Psychological

Intimacy is often categorized into three primary dimensions: emotional,

physical, and psychological. Each aspect plays a crucial role in shaping human

relationships, influencing how individuals experience closeness and connection.

2.2.1 Emotional Intimacy

Emotional intimacy involves the ability to share one’s innermost thoughts,

feelings, and vulnerabilities with another person. It fosters trust and understanding,

serving as the foundation of deep relationships. In ‘Big Hands’(p. 28), Ajayi explores

the complexities of emotional intimacy, particularly the internal conflict that arises

when one must decide whether to embrace vulnerability.

The line, "Fate’s big hands" (p. 28), functions as a metaphor for the unpredictability

of relationships. This suggests that emotional intimacy requires a degree of surrender,

where individuals must navigate uncertainty in order to form meaningful connections.

Bowlby’s attachment theory supports this notion: "Attachment behavior is any form

of behavior that results in a person attaining or maintaining proximity to some other

clearly identified individual" (p. 129).

Ajayi further explores the tension between trust and hesitation in: "My world quakes

from within" (p. 28). This imagery underscores the psychological turmoil associated

with intimacy,resonating with Erik Erikson’s notion of ‘Intimacy Versus Isolation’:

"The inability to fuse one’s identity with that of another person results in a sense of

isolation and despair" ( p. 136). A critical stage in personal development where

individuals must choose between creating deep relationships or withdrawing due to

fear.
 The final lines of the poem encapsulate this dilemma: "I chose the urinal over

your tentative smile" (p. 28). Here, the speaker's decision to retreat symbolizes the

psychological barriers that hinder emotional intimacy. Freud’s theory of defense

mechanisms explains this retreat: "Repression is the essence of the mechanism; its

presence is inferred from the necessity of avoiding distressing thoughts" ( p. 10),

which asserts that early relational experiences shape one’s ability to trust and connect

deeply with others

Ajayi revisits the theme of emotional intimacy in ‘Pole Dancer’ (p. 29), where

the titular dancer serves as a metaphor for the elusive nature of deep connection. The

lines, "flinches out of reach like / a flint of fantasy" (p. 29), capture the fleeting and

unattainable nature of emotional bonds, reflecting the psychological resistance that

prevents individuals from fully engaging in intimacy reflecting Lacan’s view on

desire: "Desire is a relation of being to lack. The lack is encountered in the Other" ( p.

223). This illustrates the psychological resistance that prevents individuals from fully

engaging in intimacy.

2.2.2 Physical Intimacy

Physical intimacy involves touch as a means of fostering connection, ranging

from gestures such as hugging and holding hands to sexual engagement. Robert A.

Johnson emphasizes that physical touch enhances emotional security, reinforcing

relational bonds; “Touch plays a crucial role in fostering emotional and relational

security, often serving as the foundation for deeper connections" (p. 87).

Ajayi’s ‘Cancelling R. Kelly’(p. 32), examines the interplay between physical

intimacy and moral conflict. The opening lines, "Eyes meeting before lips, / Lips

meeting before bodies" (p. 32), depict the sequential progression of physical
closeness, illustrating how intimacy develops gradually. However, this connection is

interrupted when the speaker's partner suddenly withdraws, "You interrupt Joy to turn

off the music" (p. 32). This moment suggests that physical intimacy can be disrupted

by external factors such as moral or personal convictions. It reflects how relationships

are shaped not only by desire but also by ethical considerations and internalized

beliefs. Freud’s theory of the pleasure principle is relevant here: "An instinct is an

urge inherent in organic life to restore a situation that once existed but has been

disturbed" (p. 17).

Lari-Williams’ ‘To Babe Wey Dey Do Shakara’ (Pp. 93-96) presents a playful

yet profound exploration of physical intimacy. The speaker expresses admiration for

his partner’s physical beauty through hyperbolic declarations:

I swear, na one hundred years, I go use

admire be your eye!

Four hundred years I go use

praise your breast dem. (p. 94)

This exaggeration underscores the deep yearning associated with physical intimacy,

while also acknowledging its transient nature. The line: "Time no dey, time dey go!"

(p. 94), emphasizes the fleeting quality of physical attraction, reinforcing the idea that

intimacy, though powerful, is impermanent, reinforcing Lacan’s assertion that "Love

is giving something you don’t have to someone who doesn’t want it" (p. 89).

2.2.3 Psychological Intimacy

Psychological intimacy refers to intellectual and emotional closeness, shaping

how individuals internalize relationships. Melanie Klein’s object relations theory

suggests that early experiences influence an individual’s ability to form psychological

intimacy. Klein states, "The earliest relationships of the infant with its mother form

the foundation for all later social relationships" ( p. 64).

Ajayi’s ‘Pole Dancer’(p. 29), encapsulates this struggle, where the speaker’s

inner conflict is reflected in the lines: "breaks my moral compass" (p. 29). This phrase

highlights the cognitive dissonance associated with intimacy, where personal values

and fears create psychological barriers. Freud supports this notion by explaining that

"The ego is not master in its own house" ( p. 139), reinforcing the idea that

unconscious conflicts shape relational struggles.

Similarly, in ‘Table for Old Gods’`(Pp. 49-51), Zeus’ call to the forgotten

gods serves as a metaphor for psychological attachment. The plea, "Come sit with us,

/ abandoned Chi, / jobless guardian" (p. 51), illustrates the emotional distress linked to

disconnection, underscoring the fundamental human need for psychological security

in relationships. John Bowlby echoes this sentiment, stating, "Attachment is not only

a response to need but a primary motivator in human behavior" ( p. 89).

2.3 Fragility and Longing

Intimacy is shaped by a myriad of emotions, experiences, and needs, with fragility

and longing playing essential roles in how connections are built and nurtured. These

two elements create opportunities for navigating relationships and fostering emotional

growth, dynamically influencing how individuals open themselves up to others and

invest in meaningful connections. Fragility, in particular, operates through the delicate

balance of vulnerability and emotional openness, shaping the way people connect and

build intimacy. Freud asserts that "Anxiety in the face of loss is the price we pay for

love" ( p. 182).
Ajayi’s ‘SAY IT’ (p. 26), encapsulates the theme of fragility through its transient

setting and imagery. The line, "rented room in Greater London" (p. 26), symbolizes

the impermanence of relationships. The transient nature of this setting, further

reinforced by the description of

"cheap scented candles drooling wax" and "jazz notes filtering toward the bed," (p.

26), reflects the fragile nature of intimacy, where connections are both fleeting and

deeply meaningful.

The poem further explores the uncertainty of relationships in the lines, "Call them

lovers & you may be right. / Call them lovers & you may be wrong." (p. 26). This

ambiguity underscores the emotional vulnerability in defining relationships, capturing

the hesitation that often accompanies intimacy. Fragility manifests in subtle gestures,

such as: "My hands dance slowly over your back," (p. 26), which conveys the delicate

navigation of trust. Even unspoken emotions, like the "drawn-out sigh or a moan,"(p.

26) illustrate how fragility resides in nuanced expressions, building emotional depth

through shared vulnerability.

Seun Lari-Williams’ Re: ‘Tell Me That You Love Me’, (p. 89), examines longing as

an essential aspect of human connection. The poem employs surreal imagery to

express unattainable desires: "when the sun comes out at night" and "Come thirtieth

February." (p. 89). These impossible scenarios poignantly reflect the intensity of the

speaker’s longing for intimacy, highlighting its elusiveness. The poem further

employs organic metaphors to describe the depth of yearning:

You will wrap me in your arms like moimoi leaves

you will climb this orange tree

and take hold of its fruit,

 our legs and hearts intertwined

until we squeeze out its juice, (90)

These images encapsulate the deep desire for both physical and emotional connection,

illustrating how longing bridges the gap between desire and action. However, longing,

when unfulfilled, leads to emotional distress, as indicated in the wistful tone of the

speaker. The playful line, "My waist beads will jingle for you/ on the thirty-first of

June," (p. 90), belies a deeper vulnerability, where the speaker's longing for

connection feels both impossible and painfully real. Erikson remarks that "Intimacy is

a choice to risk oneself in the hope of closeness" (p. 197), emphasizing how longing

bridges the gap between desire and action.

Similarly, ‘First Strike’ (p. 51), Ajayi explores the intersection of fragility and

emotional vulnerability. The speaker expresses emotional fragility through anger, a

reaction stemming from unfulfilled expectations. The lines,

"Tonight, you found my ire. / You forced the hands of goodwill," (p. 51), demonstrate

how fragile emotional states can be pushed to the breaking point. The metaphor of

"digesting doubt with stowed-away enzymes," (p. 51), reinforces the internal struggle

with insecurities, where the speaker grapples with unresolved emotional turmoil.

Ultimately, the poem conveys how unmet emotional needs transform vulnerability

into disappointment rather than deeper connection.

Lari-Williams’ ‘At The Airport’ (Pp. 100-101), it extends this exploration of

longing into the sphere of departures and separations. The observation of people

"crying and hugging," (p. 100), reflects the transient nature of human connections,

where the fragility of intimacy is highlighted in moments of separation. The metaphor

of the airport as life itself is articulated in:

 The airport is like life, isn't it?

Except we are all departing—

mother and child—

and no one knows where to, (p. 101)

This analogy emphasizes the impermanence of relationships, reinforcing the contrast

between the desire for stability and the inevitability of change.

From a psychoanalytic perspective, fragility and longing are deeply rooted in

unconscious desires for attachment and security. Bowlby captures this inevitability:

"All human attachments are founded on the expectation of eventual loss" (p. 35).

These poems reveal that longing is both a motivator for connection and a source of

distress when unmet, highlighting the emotional risks inherent in intimacy.

2.4 Affection and Mental Health

Affection is a foundational element of emotional well-being, serving as both a

source of comfort and a means of fostering deeper connections. Psychoanalytic theory

posits that early affection plays a crucial role in shaping an individual’s capacity for

intimacy and mental health. This idea aligns with Donald Winnicott’s concept of the

“Good Enough Mother”, this assert that, "A mother’s adaptation to her infant’s needs

creates the foundation for emotional health" (p. 10). which means that the importance

of consistent affection in bulding emotional mental heath.

Lari-Williams’ ‘Kikiàrà’ (Pp. 102-103), beautifully portrays the deep-rooted

link between affection and emotional well-being. The poem highlights the

transformative relationship between a parent and child, as seen in,

 Not realising,

until you were in my arms,

that the light from your eyes

will be to me

greater than the two which

govern the day and the night. (p. 102)

This imagery emphasizes the profound impact of affection in fostering emotional

fulfillment. Similarly, the tactile description: "Your tiny hand, / with all five fingers

tightly gripping my one finger," (p. 103), illustrates how touch serves as a conduit for

emotional security. The physical closeness between parent and child reflects an

instinctive bond, reinforcing Freud’s assertion that early affection experiences shape

one’s ability to trust and connect in adulthood (p. 222). Bowlby further supports this

by stating, "The young child’s hunger for his mother’s love and presence is as great as

his hunger for food" (p. 265).

Conversely, a lack of affection can lead to emotional distress. In Lari-Williams’

‘Rape’ (Pp. 68-69), the lingering trauma of sexual violence is reflected in the line,

"her scorched soul still oozes wounds," (p. 68) and this imagery aligns with Melanie

Klein’s theory of ‘Projective Identification’, where unresolved trauma disrupts the

ability to trust and accept love, "The infant’s early anxieties and defensive

mechanisms shape its later capacity for relationships" (p. 58). Similarly, the metaphor

in,

Why does this pain

grow petals in romance,

thorns in love songs,

roots in the blanket? (p. 69)

These line capture the invasive nature of trauma, demonstrating how past experiences

distort one’s capacity for affection. Lacan’s notion of the symbolic order provides

insight into this disruption: "The subject is born into a world of language, where

desire is structured by the signifier, yet haunted by what cannot be spoken" (p. 312).

This means that traumatic experiences, though may not be spoken but it does not only

influence intimacy but also influence the unconscious structures of desire and

relational attachment.

However , while affection builds positive mental health, but, its absence or

distortion results in profound psychological consequences. This shows the

significance of healthy intimacy in promoting mental health.

2.5 Love and Loss

Love and loss are inextricably intertwined, shaping the emotional depth of

human relationships. Love fosters deep emotional bonds, but its existence inherently

carries the risk of loss whether through separation, betrayal, or death. Psychoanalytic

theory conceptualizes this interplay as a fundamental aspect of attachment and

identity. Freud describes love as a projection of unconscious impulses onto an

external object, creating a framework that dictates emotional engagement throughout

life (p. 73). When this attachment is severed, individuals experience grief not just as

an external reaction to loss but as an internal crisis of identity.

The poetic works of Ajayi and Lari-Williams explore this dynamic,

illustrating how love creates emotional depth while simultaneously exposing

individuals to vulnerability and sorrow. In ‘Love Language’ (Pp. 98-99), Lari-

Williams presents love as a natural and humorous exchange rather than an idealized

abstraction. The poet playfully compares Osas to the sun, "She be like de sun," (p.
98), to which Osas responds, "So na so so heat I dey cause, abi?" (p. 98). This

humorous exchange captures love’s spontaneity and imperfection, emphasizing that it

thrives in authenticity rather than poetic idealism. The everyday nature of their bond

evident in the shared act of eating “akpu every night with ugu and bitter leaf”

reinforces Freud’s theory of the ‘Love Object’, in which attachment is formed through

shared rituals and mutual understanding (p. 75).

However, the transient nature of love is evident in Ajayi’s ‘Interlogue IV’ (p.

50), where he asserts: "What is love without reciprocity: / that boomerang effect," (p.

50). Here, love is framed as an exchange, its sustenance dependent on its return. The

“boomerang” metaphor suggests that love must be mutual to hold meaning, an idea

supported by Melanie Klein’s concept of ‘Projective Identification’, which posits that

individuals project their needs onto others and form emotional bonds based on

expectations of reciprocation (p. 102).

When love fails to return, loss ensues. Lari-Williams’ ‘A Little Violence’ (p.

10), examines this idea in a societal context, saying, "One is killed, but two hundred

lost a friend."(p. 10), this line demonstrate the ripple effect of loss as it emphasizes

that love forms not just individual but collective attachments. Loss extends beyond

the individual, affecting all who were emotionally connected to the deceased. This

concept aligns with Bowlby’s concept of attachment theory, which describes grief as

a ‘Painful Restructuring of Attachment Bonds’ that forces individuals to redefine their

emotional landscapes (p. 349).

Lari-Williams’ ‘Tangled Headphones’ (Pp. 66-69), it uses visceral imagery to

depict the disorienting nature of loss: "I feel like I have been cut in half / like Agege

bread and / dipped in stew."(p.66). The metaphor of fragmentation shows the

psychological rupture experienced after a significant loss, reinforcing the

psychoanalytic view that love and loss are two sides of the same emotional construct.

This idea is further explored in Ajayi’s ‘On Grief’ (p. 46), where the speaker

acknowledges the impossibility of emotional closure: "We pray that the dying that

comes / to the ones we love / carry the awful weight of meaning."(p. 46). These lines

convey the human tendency to search for meaning in loss, yet ultimately recognizes

that grief is an unresolved process. Love, while a source of joy, inevitably exposes

individuals to sorrow, making loss a transformative force in human relationships.

2.6 Vulnerability as a Prerequisite for Emotional Reflection in Intimacy

Vulnerability is the foundation of emotional reflection within intimacy. It is

the willingness to expose one’s innermost thoughts, fears, and desires, fostering a

deeper connection between individuals. According to Brené Brown, “Vulnerability is

the birthplace of love, belonging, and creativity” (p. 34), demonstrating its role in

emotional authenticity and human connection.

The poetry of Ajayi and Lari-Williams illustrates how vulnerability operates

within intimate relationships, often determining their depth and sustainability. In ‘328

to World’s End’(Pp. 63-64), Ajayi explores the risks of emotional openness,

describing: "Loyalty lapsing, / theatrics of a deflating balloon." (63). These lines serve

as a metaphor for the fragility of trust, emphasizing that relationships falter when

individuals hesitate to be fully transparent with one another. The speaker’s solitude on

a bus, where they are accompanied only by “so the cold sits & kneads me” (p.63),

further reinforces the consequences of emotional withdrawal. The absence of warmth

symbolizes the loneliness that replaces connection when vulnerability is withheld.

This aligns with Bowlby’s concept that says, "the loss or unavailability of an

attachment figure can lead to profound emotional distress and insecurity" (p. 245).

However, vulnerability also has the power to foster genuine intimacy. This is

exemplified in a brief moment of human connection, when the speaker encounters a

“genial Jamaican lady”, whose small act of kindness creates a fleeting yet meaningful

bond. This moment echoes Brown’s assertion that “The most meaningful and

powerful relationships are the ones where we can be our most vulnerable and

imperfect selves and still be loved and accepted” (p. 56).

Ajayi’s ‘First Strike’ (p. 51) further explores vulnerability through the lens of

conflict, demonstrating how emotional openness can either strengthen or fracture

intimacy. The speaker confesses: "Tonight, you found my ire. / You forced the hands

of goodwill."(p. 51). Here, the act of revealing anger is an admission of vulnerability

an acknowledgment of unfulfilled emotional needs. However, the speaker also

grapples with self-doubt, as seen in: "I have tried to digest my doubt / with stowed-

away enzymes."(p. 51). These lines capture the internal struggle of emotional

exposure, where vulnerability can lead to both connection and self-reproach. This

aligns with Freud concept, "The mind defends itself against painful experiences by

relegating them to the unconscious, yet they continue to shape behavior and

relationships" (p. 89).

Lari-Williams’ ‘The Thing Around My Neck’ (Pp. 32-33), portrays

vulnerability as an act of courage, using the metaphor of a tie as a symbol of

emotional restraint, "A tie” (p. 32) a marker of professionalism, becomes “a

hangman’s rope."(p. 33). This imagery reflects the psychological burden of repressing

vulnerability, highlighting the tension between societal expectations and emotional

authenticity. The speaker’s longing to escape, expressed in “I want to elope to the

place of / my dreams” (p. 32), reinforces the idea that suppressing vulnerability can

lead to emotional suffocation. Lacan’s concept of the ‘Mirror Stage’ portrays a deep

insight into this struggle. It assert that, "The subject seeks recognition in the Other, yet

remains alienated from their true desires" (p. 93).

Ajayi and Lari-Williams affirm that vulnerability is a prerequisite for

emotional reflection within intimacy. It allows individuals to engage in meaningful

relationships, fostering trust and self-awareness. While vulnerability carries the risk of

rejection, it is also the key to profound emotional connections, making it an essential

component of intimacy.

Conclusion

Through an exhaustive analysis of intimacy in the works of Dami Ajayi and

Seun Lari-Williams, it is evident that emotional, physical, and psychological intimacy

intertwine to shape human relationships. Fragility and longing highlight the

vulnerabilities inherent in intimacy, while affection serves as a stabilizing force that

fosters emotional well-being.

The poets’ explorations of these themes reveal that intimacy is both a source

of fulfillment and a space of deep emotional risk. While longing drives individuals

toward connection, its unfulfillment results in distress. Likewise, fragility, when

embraced in supportive environments, fosters trust but can become destructive in

unsupportive relationships. Also, affection emerges as a crucial determinant of

emotional resilience, reinforcing the importance of stable and nurturing bonds.

 Also, intimacy, as shown in these poems, reflects the complexities of human

connection where love, loss, longing, and vulnerability coexist, shaping the emotional

landscapes of individuals.

Chapter Three: Narration of Pain and the Interplay of Intimacy

and Pain

3.0 Introduction

Emotional pain is an inevitable component of human existence, often

emerging through intimate relationships. While intimacy fosters deep emotional

connections, it simultaneously exposes individuals to vulnerability, betrayal, and loss.

Despite its challenges, emotional pain functions as a transformative force, shaping

resilience, self-awareness, and personal growth. This chapter critically examines the

complex relationship between emotional pain and intimacy, exploring its implications
through psychoanalytic perspectives, neurobiological insights, and poetic imagery. By

analyzing selected works from Lari-Williams' Violence and Ajayi's Affection , this

chapter argues that emotional pain, while deeply distressing, is both a product of and a

catalyst for intimacy. Through a nuanced engagement with poetic texts, the discussion

illuminates how pain and intimacy interact in human relationships, offering both

devastation and healing.

3.1 Emotional Pain

Emotional pain is an inevitable component of human existence, shaped by

experiences such as heartbreak, betrayal, and unrequited love. The psychological

impact of emotional pain is profound, influencing an individual’s cognitive and

behavioral responses to relationships. Joseph E. LeDoux argues that "emotions are a

basic element of the human experience, influencing not only our feelings but also our

thoughts and behaviors"(p. 212). Furthermore, Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M.

R. emphasize that "the need to belong is a fundamental human motivation, and

disruptions to this need can result in significant psychological distress." (p. 497).

Dami Ajayi’s ‘A Poem for the Condemned Poet’(Pp. 61-62) serves as a poignant

exploration of emotional suffering, utilizing legal and incarceration imagery to

underscore the weight of alienation and despair. The poem opens with the striking

line: "The poet is in the dock, / hands in cuffs," (p. 61), which sets a tone of

entrapment. The “dock” serves a dual function, referring both to a literal courtroom

and a metaphorical space where the poet stands judged whether by society, an

intimate partner, or himself. The “cuffs” become a symbol of restraint, representing

emotional inhibition and the limitations imposed on self-expression.

Ajayi further examines the paradox of pain, where the very conditions that create pain

also define human vulnerability. This is evident in the line, "see these manacles as

adornment for affection," (p. 61). Here, the "manacles," traditionally associated with

restriction, are paradoxically linked to tenderness. This juxtaposition suggests that

emotional pain and affection are inextricably linked, reinforcing psychoanalytic

theories that view pain as an intrinsic component of intimacy (p. 243).

A recurring throughout the poem, "Nothing good comes easy" (p. 61), invokes

the Yoruba deity Orunmila, the god of wisdom and destiny. This allusion extends the

poet’s suffering beyond personal misery, transforming it into a universal human

condition. The refrain embodies both resignation and perseverance, illustrating how

emotional pain, while burdensome, is an integral part of personal growth and self-

discovery.

The poet’s ultimate fear of irrelevance is encapsulated in the lines, "Does he mean

anything to you? Does he mean anything at all?" (p. 61). This existential inquiry

reflects a profound longing for recognition. The repetition of “mean anything” alignd

with John Bowlby’s work which demonstrate the desperate need for validation, a

fundamental aspect of human connection (p. 55). The courtroom setting, with its

mention of the “bailiff” and the “obese judge’s seat squeaks” (p. 61), further

reinforces the institutional indifference that often accompanies emotional suffering.

Through ‘A Poem for the Condemned Poet’, Ajayi crafts a harrowing

meditation on emotional pain, portraying it as both an internalized struggle and an

externally imposed judgment. The poet's anguish is not merely personal but

emblematic of a broader existential crisis, where emotional pain emerges as both a

burden and a defining human experience.

3.2 Trauma and Violence

Trauma and violence apply extreme psychological and emotional

consequences, leaving lasting scars that disrupt identity, relationships, and perceptions

of safety. Freud describes trauma as an event that overwhelms the psyche, leading to

fragmentation and dissociation, "The essence of trauma lies in its overwhelming

intensity, which the mind cannot integrate, leading to a splitting of consciousness" (p.

17). Pierre Janet similarly posits that trauma creates discontinuity in cognitive

processing, preventing individuals from fully integrating their experiences, "Trauma

fragments the continuity of existence, leaving gaps that the sufferer struggles to

bridge" (p. 664).. These theoretical frameworks are essential for understanding the

depiction of trauma in Lari-Williams' ‘Rape’(Pp. 68-69).

The poem opens with an unsettling juxtaposition between art and violence:

A sleeping woman is an erotic

thing in many a painting,

But when Nkechi slept,

no one longed to paint her.

Someone held a knife. (p. 68)

This contrast between the romanticized depiction of women in art and the brutal

reality of sexual violence underscores the dehumanizing power dynamics at play. The

transition from admiration to violation illustrates how intimacy, when distorted by

force, transforms into a weapon of oppression.

The physical and psychological aftermath of the assault is conveyed in the haunting

line, "Her scorched soul still / oozes wounds," (p. 68). This imagery suggests that

trauma is not confined to the moment of violence but persists as an enduring

affliction. The use of the word “oozes” implies a continuous and uncontrollable

suffering, reflecting the long-term impact of trauma on victims.

Further metaphorical expressions of trauma appear in, "Thorns in love songs"

and "roots under the blanket," (p. 69). These lines illustrate how trauma infiltrates

every aspect of life, from intimate relationships to the subconscious space of sleep.

The recurrence of the traumatic event, even in rest, aligns with Bessel van der Kolk’s

research on how trauma dysregulates the nervous system, resulting in hypervigilance

and emotional instability (p. 97).

Lari-Williams intensifies the irrevocability of trauma in, " lifetime of beauty to be

bulldozed / by a single sore moment," (Pp. 68-69). This stark metaphor encapsulates

the irreversible impact of sexual violence, reinforcing Janet’s theory of trauma as a

rupture that permanently alters one’s psychological landscape.

‘Rape’ (Pp. 68-69), is a harrowing depiction of trauma, illustrating how

violence distorts intimacy and leaves an indelible mark on its victims. The poem

demands acknowledgment of the ongoing consequences of trauma, urging society to

recognize and address the psychological toll of violence.

3.3 Grief and Depression

Grief and depression are distinct yet interconnected emotional experiences.

Grief is a natural response to loss, allowing individuals to process the absence of a

loved one, while depression is a psychological condition characterized by prolonged

sadness, emotional numbness, and diminished self-worth. Although grief often

resolves over time, prolonged or unresolved grief can lead to depression, blurring the

boundary between the two states.

 Lari-Williams’ ‘Condolences’ (p. 11), encapsulates the overwhelming nature

of grief through imagery that portrays it as an unmanageable force. The speaker

states,

Condolences pour

into the large pot

of my palms like

condiments. (p. 11)

The metaphor of condolences being likened to “condiments” suggests their

inadequacy in addressing the depth of sorrow. Grief, rather than being soothed by

these expressions of sympathy, accumulates like an excess of seasoning overpowering

rather than comforting. The speaker acknowledges the unfamiliarity of grief, saying,

"I must cook with them / and learn what they taste like" (p. 11). These lines

underscore the process of adapting to loss, highlighting grief as an experience that

requires active engagement. However, the subsequent image of “chaff and stones”(p.

11), remaining suggests that grief leaves behind remnants that are difficult to process.

The act of “I pretend to water them”(p. 11), reflects the complex emotional

negotiation involved in mourning where one acknowledges the loss while struggling

to move forward.

Also, Lari-Williams’ ‘Tangled Headphones’ (Pp. 66-67) employs

fragmentation as a metaphor for grief’s disorienting impact. The speaker compares

their emotional state to being "cut in half / like Agege bread and / dipped in stew."(p.

66). This visceral image captures the sense of being torn apart by loss. The metaphor

of being dipped in stew suggests a transformation where the self is altered by grief,

absorbing its weight. However, unlike grief, depression is marked by emotional

stagnation and a loss of meaning, which is reflected in the line, "I would weep but /
the world doesn’t listen." (p. 66). This isolation aligns with Freud’s distinction

between mourning and melancholia. In Mourning and Melancholia, Freud describes

mourning as an externalized process of grieving, whereas melancholia (akin to

depression) is an internalized state in which grief turns inward, leading to self-

reproach and emotional paralysis.

Ajayi’s ‘Birthday Elegy’ (p. 45), further explores this concept, questioning,"Is dying

for the dead / as it is for the living?"(p. 45), highlights the existential crisis associated

with loss, reinforcing the idea that grief does not merely concern the absence of

another but also involves the disruption of one’s own sense of self.

In all, Ajayi and Lari-Williams portrays that while grief is a necessary process

for healing, its prolonged presence can evolve into depression. The ability to integrate

grief, rather than suppress it, is crucial for emotional well-being.

3.5 The Power Dynamics and Vulnerability of Intimacy and Pain

Intimate relationships are shaped by power dynamics that influence how

individuals navigate vulnerability. Power within intimacy can manifest as control,

dependence, or mutual trust, determining whether relationships become spaces of

security or sites of suffering.

In ‘Haunted House’(Pp. 64-65), Lari-Williams explores power through

supernatural imagery, where the speaker describes objects moving around them, "I

saw pens and pencils rise / and orbit around my table lamp."(p. 65). This imagery

suggests an unseen force exerting control, symbolizing how power often operates

subtly within relationships. The speaker, as a child, imagines possessing control, yet

the underlying reality is one of helplessness. The reference to parental violence,

 I flew out the window,

hovering over our neighbours’ houses ,

gently removing their roofs

and peeping in if they, too, had

mothers with bruises all over;

if they, too, had fathers with voices that

vibrant like afaulty blender. (p. 65)

This highlights the cyclical nature of abuse and the ways in which power imbalances

within family structures shape an individual’s sense of agency. Psychoanalytically,

the child’s attempt to assert control may be understood through Freud’s concept of

repetition compulsion, wherein individuals unconsciously recreate past traumas in an

effort to master them.

Neuropsychology research supports this perspective, demonstrating that

childhood exposure to violence activates the amygdala, the brain’s fear-processing

center, leading to heightened sensitivity to threat in adulthood. Allan Schore, notes

that “relational trauma dysregulates at the interface of physiological and emotional

systems, cycling through distress” (p. 85). This dysregulation can manifest in

adulthood as difficulties in trust and attachment, reinforcing the long-term impact of

early power imbalances.

In Ajayi’s ‘The Anatomy of Silence’(Pp. 58-60), the titular silence represents

both power and submission within relationships. The speaker describes, "This silence

that lacerates peace, / this silence, anathema to bliss."(p. 58). Here, silence functions

as both a weapon and a defense mechanism. In psychoanalytic terms, silence may

represent repression where unspoken conflicts remain unresolved, fostering emotional

distance. However, in some cases, silence can also indicate withdrawal from

vulnerability, protecting individuals from further harm.

3.6 Healing and Resilience of Pain in Intimacy

While intimacy exposes individuals to pain, it also provides a foundation for

healing. Emotional resilience is cultivated through vulnerability, trust, and the ability

to integrate painful experiences into one’s personal narrative.

Ajayi’s ‘On Grief’ (p. 46), it acknowledges the necessity of mourning, "Grief

is what we the living must do." (p. 46). This statement shows grief as an active

process rather than a passive state. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s model of grief outlines

stages such as denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, emphasizing that

healing requires engagement with loss rather than avoidance (p. 38).

Lari-Williams’ ‘Summing Up’ (Pp. 120-121) shows the persistence of love

beyond loss in the line,

Your memory will be

kept right under my hat,

because just as a magician

takes rabbits out of his hat,

somehow you managed

to care for me. (p. 121)

The use of magical imagery suggests that love, even in absence, continues to provide

strength and solace. This aligns with research on attachment, which suggests that the

internalization of positive relational experiences fosters emotional resilience.

 Ajayi’s ‘How to Grieve in Time’(p. 47), further emphasizes the gradual nature

of healing, "Grief, the rocky route, / becomes easier as time passes." (p. 47). The

metaphor of grief as a route demonstrates the idea that it is a healing journey rather

than a destination. This perspective aligns with contemporary research on

neuropsychoanalytic, which suggests that repeated experiences of safety and

connection strengthen neural pathways associated with emotional regulation.

Both poets suggest that healing is not about erasing pain but a process of

transforming it into a source of resilience. Through connection, self-awareness, and

time, intimacy becomes a process for growth, allowing individuals to move beyond

pain and toward renewal.

3.7 Conclusion

The relationship between intimacy and emotional pain is complex,

intertwining vulnerability, connection, and Pain in a way that shapes human

relationships. Through the poetry of Ajayi and Lari-Williams, this chapter has

demonstrated that while intimacy builds deep emotional bonds, it also exposes

individuals to grief, trauma, and psychological wounds. The discussion has

demonstrated the nuanced distinctions between grief and depression, the role of power

dynamics in shaping vulnerability, and the potential for healing through connection.

Ajayi and Lari-Williams portrays that emotional pain is not merely an

affliction but also a catalyst for transformation. Grief, when it is processed, allows

individuals to integrate loss into their emotional narrative, while unresolved sorrow

may lead to depression. Similarly, trauma and violence disrupt emotional security but

also reveal the fragility of intimacy. The poets emphasize that healing does not come
from avoiding pain but from engaging with it learning to navigate vulnerability and

reclaiming intimacy as a space of mutual support.

This chapter show that while intimacy can be a source of pain, it is also the

foundation for healing. Through trust, shared experience, and emotional openness,

pain is not only endured but ultimately transformed into strength. The poetic

narratives examined here shows that intimacy, despite its inherent risks, remains an

important part of human connection, offering both solace and self-discovery.

Chapter 4: Comprehensive Summary

This reasearch has explored the intricate relationship between intimacy and

pain, tracing how human connections shape experiences of vulnerability, grief,

trauma, and healing. The study has drawn upon the poetic works of Dami Ajayi and

Seun Lari-Williams, whose texts serve as profound meditations on the emotional

dimensions of intimacy.

Chapter 2 examined intimacy as a foundational aspect of human experience,

emphasizing its emotional, psychological, and physical dimensions. The chapter

argued that intimacy is not limited to romantic relationships but extends to

friendships, familial bonds, and even spiritual connections.

Seun Lari-Williams’ ‘Table for Old Gods’ provided a striking exploration of

emotional intimacy, using mythological figures to illustrate the longing for shared

history and belonging. The poem’s invitation, "Come sit with us at the garden of our

past," emphasized how intimacy is often rooted in nostalgia and memory. The chapter
also explored the fragility of intimacy, noting how relationships are shaped by both

emotional closeness and the risk of loss. Ajayi’s ‘Big Hands’ further illustrated this

tension, portraying intimacy as both a source of comfort and a site of hesitation.

The chapter concluded that intimacy is an evolving dynamic, requiring vulnerability

and trust. However, the very qualities that build deep connections also expose

individuals to emotional pain, setting the stage for the discussions in Chapter three.

Chapter three examined the role of pain in intimacy, focusing on grief, trauma,

power dynamics, and healing. The chapter distinguished between grief and

depression, drawing on Freud’s psychoanalytic theories to explain their differing

emotional trajectories. Ajayi’s ‘Condolences’ and ‘Birthday Elegy’ explored the

process of mourning, while Lari-Williams’ ‘Tangled Headphones’ depicted the

fragmentation of the self in the wake of loss.

The chapter further investigated how trauma disrupts intimacy, using ‘Rape’ and

‘Haunted House’ to illustrate the long-term psychological effects of violence. Power

dynamics within relationships were analyzed through the lens of vulnerability,

revealing how control and dependence shape emotional experiences.

Finally, the chapter concluded by highlighting the resilience fostered through

intimacy. Poems such as ‘How to Grieve in Time’ and ‘Summing Up’ demonstrated

that healing does not require the absence of pain but rather the ability to integrate

suffering into personal growth. The project ultimately affirmed that intimacy, despite

its risks, remains a crucial force in shaping human experience, offering both the

deepest wounds and the greatest healing.

This summary encapsulates the broader themes of the study, reinforcing the

central argument that intimacy and pain are deeply interconnected, shaping the

emotional landscapes of individuals in profound ways.