QIB FOR CLASS XII - CHEMISTRY PBA

Ser SLO Questions Answer

1. What is the color of the flame for Ba²⁺? 1. Green

2. What is the confirmatory test for Ca²⁺? 2. (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ solution

3. Which radical shows a brick-red flame? 3. Ca²⁺

4. What is the precipitate formed with K₂CrO₄ for 4. Lemon yellow

Ba²⁺?

5. Which basic radical evolves NH₃ gas with 5. NH₄⁺

NaOH?

6. Which radical gives a blue ash on performing 6. Al³⁺

the filter ash test?

7. What is the color of the precipitate for Pb²⁺ 7. White

Detect the following cations:
with Na₂CO₃ solution?
NH4+, Mg+2, Al+3, Ca+2,
1.
Cr+3, Mn+2, Fe+2, Fe+3,
8. Which radical shows a yellow-brown flame? 8. Fe³⁺
Cu+2, Zn+2, Ba+2
9. What is the precipitate color when Al³⁺ reacts 9. White
with NaOH?

10. Which radical gives a green precipitate with 10. Zn²⁺

Na₂CO₃ solution?

11. Indicate the specific colour changes that occur 11. Cu²⁺: Blue precipitate (Cu(OH)₂) → Indicates
when adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to copper(II) ions.
solutions containing copper (II), iron (II), and Fe²⁺: Green precipitate (Fe(OH)₂) → Indicates
aluminium cations. iron(II) ions; may oxidize to brown (Fe(OH)₃). Al³⁺:
White precipitate (Al(OH)₃) → Indicates aluminum
ions; may dissolve in excess NaOH.
12. When a metal salt is heated in a flame, the
12. How does the flame test aid in identifying thermal energy excites the electrons in the
different metal ions? metal ions to higher energy levels. As the
Ser SLO Questions Answer
excited electrons return to their ground state,
they release energy in the form of light. ach
metal ion produces a unique colour due to the
specific energy transitions that occur. These
characteristic colours can be used to identify
the metal present in a sample
13. How can you test for iron ions (Fe²⁺ and 13.
Fe³⁺)? Fe²⁺: Add potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]),
resulting in a blue precipitate of Turnbull’s blue
(Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂).
Fe³⁺: Add potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), forming
a reddish-brown complex (iron(III) thiocyanate).
14. Give confirmatory tests for detecting 14. Nessler's Reagent Test
ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) • Procedure: Add a few drops of Nessler's
reagent (potassium mercuric iodide) to the
solution.
• Observation: A yellow to brown precipitate
indicates the presence of ammonium ions.
Formation of Ammonium Salts
• Procedure: React the sample with
hydrochloric acid (HCl).
• Observation: The formation of ammonium
chloride (NH₄Cl) can be confirmed through
crystallization.
15. What role does sodium hydroxide (NaOH) play 15. Sodium hydroxide is used to precipitate metal
in the detection of cations, and how is it used hydroxides from solutions containing cations.
in the process? • When NaOH is added dropwise to the salt
soln, a coloured precipitate may indicate the
presence of specific cations (e.g., blue for Cu²⁺
as Cu (OH)₂, green for Ni²⁺ as Ni (OH)₂).
• For certain cations like Al³⁺, a white precipitate
forms, which may dissolve upon excess NaOH
addition, indicating amphoteric behaviour.
16. State procedure of filter 16. Shake the given salt with
ash test and write color of ash cobalt nitrate solution in a
test tube.Drip a strip of filter
Ser SLO Questions Answer
produce by zinc and paper into the solution .
magnesium ion. Take it out and dry the filter
paper .Now burn the filter
paper and note the color of
the ash. Zinc ion:Green
Magnesium ion:Pink
17. Write wet test for ferrous ion. 17. In the sodium hydroxide test,a
green ppt of ferrous hydroxide
starts to form, which turns
orange-brown when left in the
same condition as it is.
Therefore, confirms the
presence of Fe+2
18. How will you differentiate between Fe+2 and 18. i. Fe+3 gives blood red coloration with KCNS or
Fe+3? NH4SCN while Fe+2 do not.
ii. Fe+2 gives green ppt. with NaOH while Fe+3
gives reddish brown ppt.
iii. Fe+3 gives blue ppt with pot. Ferrocyanide
while Fe+2 give blue ppt.
19. What is the confirmatory test of Ca+2? 19. Salt solution+NH4Cl+ K4 [Fe(CN)6].White ppt
of Ca2[Fe(CN)6] is formed.

1. How can you detect the carbonate ion 1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the sample;
(CO₃²⁻)? effervescence occurs due to the release of
carbon dioxide gas, which can turn limewater
milky.
2. What test can you perform to identify the 2. Add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid
nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)? and iron(II) sulfate; a brown ring at the
Detect the following anions:
interface indicates the presence of nitrate.
2. CO3-2, NO3-1, SO4-2, SO3-
3. How can you test for the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻)? 3. Add barium chloride solution; a white
2, Cl-1, Br-1, I-1, CrO4-2
precipitate of barium sulfate forms, confirming
the presence of sulfate ions.
4. What method can you use to detect the sulfite 4. Add dilute hydrochloric acid; the release of
ion (SO₃²⁻)? sulfur dioxide gas can be confirmed by its
characteristic odor and its ability to turn
Ser SLO Questions Answer
potassium permanganate from purple to
colorless.
5. How can you confirm the presence of halide 5. Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate
ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻)? solution; a white precipitate for chloride (AgCl),
a cream precipitate for bromide (AgBr), and a
yellow precipitate for iodide (AgI) will indicate
the respective halide ions.
6. What observation indicates the presence of 6. The observation of effervescence, or bubbling,
carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻) when hydrochloric due to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas
acid is added to a salt? confirms the presence of carbonate ions.

7. How can nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) be confirmed 7. In the Brown Ring Test, add iron (II) sulphate
using the Brown Ring Test? (FeSO₄) to the solution, then carefully layer
concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) along the
sides of the test tube. A brown ring at the
interface confirms the presence of nitrate ions.
8. How can interference from sulfate ions affect 8. Barium chloride can precipitate both sulphate
the detection of sulphite ions (SO₃²⁻)? and sulphite ions. To differentiate, add
hydrochloric acid: if effervescence occurs, it
confirms the presence of sulphite ions, while
sulphate will remain unchanged.
9. Give confirmatory tests for detecting Bromide 9. Silver Nitrate Test: Dissolve the salt in
ions (Br-1). distilled water. Add a few drops of silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) solution. A pale-yellow precipitate of
silver bromide (AgBr) forms, confirming the
presence of bromide ions.
10. What does the formation of a white precipitate 10. The formation of a white precipitate indicates
upon adding silver nitrate (AgNO₃) to a salt the presence of chloride ions (Cl⁻), as it forms
solution indicate? AgCl.
11. Give one confirmatory test of NO3-1? 11. Salt solution+FeSO4+Conc. H2SO4 along the
sides of test tube. A brown ring is formed at
the junction of two solutions
12. What is meant by wet test? 12. The wet test is used in qualitative analysis to
detect the presence of certain ions in a salt.
The salt is dissolved in water and treated with
various reagents to identify the ions present
Ser SLO Questions Answer
13. How presence of halide 13. Cl-1 forms white ppts, Br-1 forms pale yellow
ions is indicated in solution. ppts, I-1 forms yellow ppts.
14. How ring test is performed 14. Take water extract of salt and add freshly
in laboratory to confirm prepared FeSO4 soln. then add few drops of
presence of NO3-1 ion. conc. HNO3 soln. along the side of test tube.
Brown ring is formed at junction of two
solutions.
15. Name a radical which gives violet vapors with 15. Iodine radical
conc.H2SO4

1. Can you describe the reaction mechanism 1. Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime is formed when
involved in the preparation of Nickel Dimethyl nickel ions (Ni²⁺) react with dimethylglyoxime
Glyoxime from nickel salts and in an alkaline medium, resulting in a chelate
dimethylglyoxime? complex.

2. What are the main reagents used in the 2. The main reagents are nickel salt (e.g., nickel
preparation of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime? sulfate) and dimethylglyoxime, with sodium
Please specify their roles in the reaction. hydroxide used to maintain alkalinity.

3. What observations can you make during the 3. A green precipitate forms, indicating the
preparation process, and what do they indicate successful formation of Nickel Dimethyl
Prepare NickelDimethyl about the progress of the rxn? Glyoxime.
3. 4. The product can be purified by filtration and
Glyoxime
4. After the reaction, how would you purify Nickel recrystallization to remove impurities and
Dimethyl Glyoxime? Which techniques would obtain pure Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime.
be most effective, why?
5. 5. Wear gloves and goggles, work in a fume
5. What safety precautions should be taken while hood, and follow proper disposal guidelines to
handling the reagents and conducting the ensure safety when handling reagents.
experiment? Why are these precautions
important?

6. Write the balanced chemical equation for the 6. The balanced chemical equation for the
reaction between nickel(II) ions and dimethyl reaction is:
glyoxime. Ni +2C4H8N2O2→Ni(C4H7N2O2)2↓+2H
2+
Ser SLO Questions Answer
7. Why is it important to wash the precipitate with 7. Washing the precipitate with ethanol ensures
ethanol after filtration? the removal of any water that may be trapped
in the precipitate. Ethanol is a volatile organic
solvent that evaporates quickly, preventing the
retention of moisture in the sample, which
could affect the accuracy of the final weight of
the precipitate. Dimethyl glyoxime is preferred
for nickel estimation because:
8. Why is dimethyl glyoxime preferred over other 8. It forms a highly stable, easily identifiable red
ligands for nickel estimation? complex with nickel.
• The Ni-DMG complex is almost insoluble
in water, making it ideal for gravimetric
analysis.
• It provides good selectivity for nickel ions
over other metal ions in alkaline
conditions, minimizing interference.
9. What is the principle behind the Nickel 9. Ni-DMG test is a chemical test used to detect
Dimethylglyoxime test? the presence of nickel ions (Ni²⁺). The principle
of the test is based on the formation of an
insoluble complex between nickel(II) ions and
dimethylglyoxim (DMG), acts as a ligand.
10.
10. Draw structure of Nickel dimethylglyoxime.

11. What is the function of 11. It forms a coordination complex with nickel
dimethylglyoxime in the
preparation of the nickel
complex?
12. Which solvent is commonly used to dissolve 12. Ethanol
dimethylglyoxime?
Ser SLO Questions Answer
13. What form of nickel is typically used in the 13. Nickel sulfate or nickel nitrate
reaction with dimethylglyoxime?

14. Why is ammonium hydroxide added to the 14. To adjust the pH for complex formation
solution during the preparation of the Ni-DMG
complex?

15. Write chemical equation involved in the 15.

preparation of Dimethyl glyoxime?

16. Which range of pH is required for the

formation of the product? 16. The formation of the red ppt occurs in a
solution in which the pH is buffered in the
range of 5 to 9.
17. Why the ammonium hydroxide is added in the
solution dropwise? 17. A slow increase in the concentration of
ammonia in the solution increases the pH
slowly and results in the gradual precipitation
of the complex. The result is the formation of a
18. Why dimethyl glyoxime behaves as a denser easily handled precipitate.
monobasic acid in the reaction? 18. Dimethyl glyoxime behaves as a monobasic
acid in the reaction as it gives protons in the
19. Write down the apparatus and chemicals used solution.
to prepare Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime. 19. Beakers, funnel, filter paper, measuring
cylinder, distilled water, Dimethyl Glyoxime
20. What is the color of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime solution, Nickel Sulphate and NH4OH
complex? 20. Rosy red

21. Write down the procedure for preparation of 21. Dissolve 4g of Nickel Sulphate in 150cm³ of
Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime. distilled water and add NH4OHsolution in a
beaker.a Add 5 to 10 ml of Dimethyl Glyoxime
complex. Filter and wash the ppt
Ser SLO Questions Answer
1. How can we purify iodoform? 1. Dissolve impure iodoform crystals in ethyl
alcohol or ether. Impurities being insoluble in
ethyl alcohol or ether settle down. Remove
impurities by filtration and obtain pure crystals
of iodoform by crystallization of the filtrate
2. Is chloroform a crystalline solid? 2. No. It is an oily liquid.

3. What is the other name of iodoform? 3. It is called Triiodomethane

4. Can we prepare iodoform from ethanol? 4. Yes. Ethanol and ethyl alcohol are one and the
same thing.
5. Why do we use a water bath to prepare 5. Because by direct heating, vapors of alcohol
iodoform? or acetone will catch fire.

6. What is the role of sodium hydroxide in the 6. Sodium hydroxide acts as a strong base that
iodoform preparation? deprotonates the alcohol (ethanol), facilitating
the formation of an intermediate that reacts
with iodine to form iodoform.
4. Prepare iodoform
7. Ethanol is a primary alcohol that contains a
7. Why is ethanol chosen as the starting material methyl group adjacent to the hydroxyl group,
for this reaction? making it suitable for the iodoform reaction,
which specifically requires the presence of a
methyl group attached to a carbonyl or
alcohol.
8. The formation of a yellow precipitate
8. What observation indicates that the reaction (iodoform) in the reaction mixture indicates
has occurred successfully? that the reaction has occurred successfully
9. Insufficient amount of iodine added.
9. If no precipitate forms after heating the Incomplete reaction due to inadequate heating
reaction mixture, what could be some possible or mixing. Using a different alcohol that does
reasons? not undergo the iodoform reaction. The
presence of impurities in the reactants
10. Washing the precipitate with cold distilled
10. Why is it important to wash the precipitate with water helps remove any unreacted reagents
cold distilled water? and impurities that may be present on the
Ser SLO Questions Answer
surface of the iodoform crystals, thus
improving the purity of the final product.
11. Write chemical equation involved in the 11.
preparation of iodoform?

12. Why we use water bath to prepare iodoform? 12. Because by direct heating, vapors of alcohol
or acetone will catch fire.
13. What is the colour of crystals of iodoform? 13. Pale yellow crystals
14. How can we purify iodoform? 14. Dissolve impure iodoform crystals in ethyl
alcohol or ether. Impurities being insoluble in
ethyl alcohol or ether, settle down. Remove
impurities by filtration and obtain pure crystals
of iodoform by crystallization of filtrate.
15. Write down complete balanced chemical 15.
equation for preparation of Iodoform.

16. What is the molecular formula and IUPAC 16. Molecular formula of Iodoform is CHI3 and
name of Iodoform. IUPAC name is tri-iodo-methane

1. What type of reaction takes place between 1. Condensation reaction.

glucose and phenyl hydrazine?

2. Condensation reaction takes place on which 2. Condensation reactions take place on two
and how many carbon atoms? carbon atoms, which are the first and second
5. Prepare Glucosazone
3. From where has the term osazone originated? 3. 'Osazone' is a combination of two words 'osa'
and 'zone.' The word 'osa' came from 'ose'
meaning sugar, while the word 'zone' came
from 'hydrazone. 'first and second.
4. Can fructose give this type of reaction with 4. Yes, fructose can give the same type of
phenyl hydrazine? reaction with phenyl hydrazine.
Ser SLO Questions Answer

5. What is the melting point of phenyl 5. The melting point of phenyl glucosazone is
glucosazone? 205°C.

6. Which gas is produced as by product in 6. In the preparation of glucosazone, ammonia

manufacturing of glucosazone? (NH₃) gas is produced as a by-product.
• Glucose + C₆H₅NHNH₂→
Phenylhydrazone + H₂O
• Phenylhydrazone + C₆H₅NHNH₂→
Glucosazone + NH₃ + H₂O
7. What is melting point of Glucasazone. 7. The melting point of glucosazone is typically
2050C.
8. What is colour of glucosazone? 8. Glucosazone is characterized by its yellow
color. When glucosazone is formed as yellow
crystalline precipitates during the reaction of
glucose with phenylhydrazine, it is often
described as having a bright yellow or golden
yellow hue.
9. Despite having different structures at other
9. How does the glucosazone formation of carbon atoms, glucose, fructose, and
glucose differ from that of other sugars like mannose produce the same glucosazone
fructose or mannose? crystals due to the identical reactivity at C-1
and C-2.
10. Glucosazone formation occurs only with
10. Why can glucosazone be used to differentiate reducing sugars like glucose, fructose, and
between sugars like glucose and sucrose? mannose, which possess free aldehyde or
ketone groups. Non-reducing sugars like
sucrose do not form glucosazone crystals.
11.
11. Write chemical equation involved in the
preparation of glucosazone?

12. It is used as a reagent in the identification of

12. Give an important use of phenyl hydrazine? carbonyl compunds and sugars
Ser SLO Questions Answer
13. What is the color of crystals of glucosazone ? 13. Yellow crystals

14. What type of reaction takes place in 14. Condensation reaction

glucosazone preparation?

15. Write down the apparatus and chemicals used 15. Conical flask, Funnel, Beaker, Test tube,
to prepare glucosazone. Water Bath, Filter paper etc.
CHEMICAL REQUIRED (Glucose, Phenyl
hydrazine, Glacial Acetic acid)
16. What is the role of phenyl hydrazine in the 16. Phenylhydrazine under Fischer indole
preparation of glucosazone? synthesis produces indoles. In this reaction
one molecule of glucose reacts with two
molecules of phenyl hydrazine to create
glucosazone.
17. What is the optimal temperature and reaction 17. Under the optimised conditions (45 min
time for the preparation of glucosazone. residence time, 85 °C)

18. How can you ensure the complete reaction of 18. Use freshly prepared phenylhydrazine
glucose with phenyl hydrazine? solution. Ensure it is anhydrous. Avoid over-
heating, which can lead to decomposition. Stir
the reaction mix thoroughly

1. What does the formation of a yellow or orange 1. It indicates the presence of either an aldehyde
precipitate in the 2,4-DNP test indicate? or ketone functional group.

2. Why is Tollens' test specific for aldehydes and 2. Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids,
not ketones? reducing the silver ion in Tollens’ reagent to
metallic silver, while ketones cannot be
Identify the Aldehyde and oxidized.
6.
Ketone Functional group 3. What is the principle behind Fehling’s test for 3. Aldehydes reduce the copper(II) ions in
aldehydes? Fehling's solution to copper(I) oxide, forming a
red precipitate.
4. How can you differentiate between aldehydes 4. Aldehydes give positive results in both Tollens’
and ketones using these tests? and Fehling’s tests, while ketones do not.
5. Lactose is called milk sugar.
5. What is milk sugar?
Ser SLO Questions Answer
6. What reagent can be used to distinguish 6. The Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver
between aldehydes and ketones? nitrate) is commonly used to distinguish
aldehydes from ketones. Aldehydes are
oxidized by Tollens' reagent, producing a
silver mirror on the inside of the test tube, while
ketones do not react.
7. How would you distinguish an aldehyde from a 7. Fehling's solution is used to distinguish
ketone using Fehling’s solution? aldehydes from ketones. Aldehydes reduce
Fehling’s solution, which contains copper (II)
ions, to form a red precipitate of copper (I)
oxide (Cu₂O). Ketones do not react with
Fehling's solution, so no colour change or
8. A student reacts an unknown compound with precipitate formation is observed.
2, 4-DNPH and observes a yellow precipitate. 8. The formation of a yellow precipitate after
What does this result suggest? reacting the compound with 2, 4-DNPH
suggests that the unknown compound
contains a carbonyl group, indicating that it is
either an aldehyde or a ketone. Further tests,
such as Tollens' reagent or Fehling’s solution,
would be needed to differentiate b/w the two.
9. What colour change occurs when Fehling's 9. When an aldehyde reacts with Fehling’s
solution reacts with an aldehyde? solution, the deep blue solution turns into a red
or orange precipitate of copper(I) oxide
(Cu₂O), indicating the presence of an
aldehyde
10. Can ketones be oxidized by mild oxidizing 10. No, ketones cannot be oxidized by mild
agents like Tollens' or Fehling’s reagent? Why oxidizing agents like Tollens' or Fehling’s
or why not? reagent because the carbonyl group in
ketones is bonded to two carbon atoms,
making it more resistant to oxidation. In
contrast, aldehydes have a hydrogen atom
attached to the carbonyl group, which is easier
to oxidize to a carboxylic acid.
11. Why do aldehydes give 11. Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic
positive results with Fehling’s acids by mild oxidizing agents like Tollens’
and Fehling’s solutions, whereas ketones lack
Ser SLO Questions Answer
and Tollens’ tests, but ketones a hydrogen atom on the carbonyl carbon and
do not? are less prone to oxidation

12. What is the purpose of 12. Schiff's reagent turns pink/magenta in the
using Schiff's reagent in presence of aldehydes.
identifying aldehydes?

13. Which type of ketones 13. Alpha-hydroxy ketones (like fructose) may
might give a false positive in give a false positive in Tollens' test
Tollens' test, and why? because they can tautomerize into aldehydes,
which then react with Tollens' reagent.
14. How does the carbonyl 14. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to
group differ between aldehydes at least one hydrogen atom (-CHO), while in
and ketones? ketones, the carbonyl group is bonded to two
carbon atoms (R-CO-R’).
15. What kind of aldehydes can react with 50% 15. Aldehydes containing no α – hydrogen react
NaOH solution? with 50% aqueous solution of NaOH and form
corresponding alcohol and corresponding salt
of carboxylic acid. This reaction is known as
cannizaro’s reaction.
16. What is the confirmatory test of methyl 16. Nitroprusside Test
ketones? Organic compound+ Sodium
nitroprusside solution + NaOH
17. Which substance is oxidized in Benedict’s 17. Aldehyde is oxidized to corresponding salt of
solution test? carboxylic acid.
RCHO àRCOONa

7. Identification of carboxylic 1. What is the significance of the 1. Effervescence indicates the release of
acid and phenols effervescence observed during the CO2 gas, confirming the presence of a
carboxylic acid test? carboxylic acid group.

2. Why does phenol give a color change with 2. Phenol forms a colored complex with Fe³⁺
iron(III) chloride? ions, leading to a violet, green, or blue
color.
Ser SLO Questions Answer
3. How can you differentiate between 3. Carboxylic acids produce effervescence
carboxylic acids and phenols using these with sodium bicarbonate, while phenols
tests? give a color change with FeCl3.

4. Identify the presence of a carboxylic acid 4. Take a small amount of each sample and
in a given sample. place it on a piece of blue litmus paper. If
the blue litmus paper turns red, this
indicates the presence of an acid, which
could be a carboxylic acid
5. Describe a method to test the solubility of 5. Take small samples of various carboxylic
carboxylic acids and predict which ones acids and add them to separate test tubes
will be soluble in water. containing equal volumes of water. Shake
the tubes and observe whether the acids
dissolve.
6. How would you determine the boiling point 6. Use a simple distillation apparatus. Place
of a specific carboxylic acid? the carboxylic acid in a round-bottom flask
with a thermometer and heat gently.
Record the temperature at which the first
drop of liquid distills over.
7. How would you demonstrate the oxidation 7. Mix a primary alcohol (like ethanol) with an
of a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid? oxidizing agent (like potassium dichromate
Outline the reagents used and the in sulfuric acid. Heat the mixture under
expected products. reflux. The primary alcohol will be oxidized
to the corresponding carboxylic acid
(acetic acid).
8. Discuss the safety measures you would 8. Wear safety goggles, gloves, and a lab
take when handling carboxylic acids in the coat. Work in a well-ventilated area or
laboratory. What are the proper disposal under a fume hood. Be aware of the
methods for waste containing these acids. specific hazards of the carboxylic acid
being used. Neutralize the carboxylic acid
waste with a suitable base (like sodium
bicarbonate) before disposal. Follow local
regulations for hazardous waste disposal.
Ser SLO Questions Answer
9. What colour change should you expect in 9. The solution will turn violet or purple
the Ferric Chloride Test for phenol. when phenol is present.

10. If no color change occurs after adding ferric 10. Ferric chloride does not react with non-
chloride to the sample, what does this phenolic compounds in the same way, so
indicate? the lack of color change suggests that
there are no phenolic hydroxyl groups
available to form a colored complex with
Fe³⁺.
11. Why is it important to perform the Ferric 11. Old or contaminated ferric chloride
Chloride Test with a freshly prepared solutions might give false negative results,
solution of FeCl₃? where phenol is present but the color
change is not observed due to the
reagent's degradation.
12. How would you confirm the presence of 12. After obtaining a positive result (violet or
phenol if the Ferric Chloride Test gives a purple color), you can confirm the
positive result? presence of phenol by comparing the
result with a known phenol standard.
Additional tests, such as the bromine
water test, can further verify phenol’s
presence.
13. Why does phenol give a positive Ferric 13. Phenol has a hydroxyl group attached to
Chloride Test, but ethanol does not? an aromatic ring, which can form a
complex with ferric ions, resulting in a color
change. Ethanol lacks this aromatic
structure and does not form such a
complex.
14. How will you detect the presence of 14. When a carboxylic acid is heated with
carboxylic acid with the help of ethanol? conc. H2SO4 and ethanol, the formation of
an ester with a fruity smell indicates the
presence of carboxylic acid.
15. What is the confirmatory test of carboxylic 15. Organic compound solution+ slight excess
acids? of NH4OH solution+ boil off excess NH3 +
Ser SLO Questions Answer
few drops of neutral FeCl3 solution,deep
red or violet color is produced or yellow ppt
is formed which confirms the presence of
carboxylic acids.
16. Why carboxylic acid gets dissolved in 5% 16. Carboxylic acids are acidic in nature
NaOH? therefore they react with 5% NaOH to form
salt and water
17. Name the compound which produces CO2 17. Carboxylic acids
gas with NaHCO3?

18. Which type of odor phenols have? 18. Carbolic odor which is highly toxic

19. What is the confirmatory test of phenols? 19. Solution of organic compound+ conc.
HNO3, yellow ppt confirms the presence of
phenol.
20. Neutral FeCl3 produces violet coloration. 20. Phenols
Name the compound which give this test.

21. How phenols can be used to prepare dark 21. Cold solution of organic compound in
red dye in the laboratory? excess of aqueous NaOH solution + ice
cold solution of aniline in conc. HCl + few
drops of 20% NaNO2 solution.
22. Which reagent can be used to distinguish 22. Lucas test (ZnCl2/HCl): Phenol reacts
between alcohols and phenol. slowly or not at all, whereas alcohols react
rapidly, producing a cloudy solution.
23. What is the observation and inference of 23. When phenol is treated with sodium
Azo dye formation in detection of phenol? hydroxide (NaOH) and benzene
diazonium chloride (C6H5N2Cl), a:
Reddish-orange to deep red colored
precipitate forms. B. This colored
precipitate is an azo dye
24. What is the characteristic odour of phenol? 24. Lifebuoy soap like smell.
 SLO-wise Question Bank
(Self-Assessment / Class Practice)

SLO: Detect following cations by dry/wet tests. Cu2+ , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , Ca2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+ , Cr3+ , Zn2+ , NH4 1+

1. Compare and contrast the detection methods for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions. What key differences exist in their chemical behavior?
2. A student is given an unknown solution containing metal ions. Describe a systematic approach to identify the presence of Cu²⁺,
Zn²⁺, and Ba²⁺ ions using specific chemical tests.
3. You are provided with four unknown solutions. Design a step-by-step procedure to identify the cations present using:
a) Flame test b) Sodium hydroxide test c) Specific chemical reagent tests
4. Explain how you would distinguish between Ca²⁺ and Ba²⁺ ions using specific chemical tests. Write the relevant chemical
equations.
5. A mixture contains Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions. Develop a detailed experimental protocol to:
a) Separate these ions b) Confirm their individual presence c) Quantify their relative concentrations
6. Why do different metals produce unique colors?
7. How do different reagents interact with specific metal ions?
8. In a forensic investigation, you need to detect trace metal ions. Describe three most reliable methods for cation detection.
9. How would you modify standard cation detection tests for:
a) Increased sensitivity b) Detection in complex mixtures c) Minimal sample requirement
10. List potential sources of error in cation detection tests and suggest methods to minimize these errors.
11. A student obtains unexpected results in a Ba²⁺ detection test. Develop a alternate approach to identify potential issues

SLO: Detect following anions by dry/wet tests. SO4 2- , CO3 2- , Cl1- , Br1- , I1- , NO3 1-

1. Describe the wet test procedure for detecting NO₃⁻ ions using diphenylamine reagent.
2. Explain the chemical reaction and observation when SO₄²⁻ ions react with BaCl₂ solution.
3. Write the chemical equation for the effervescence test of CO₃²⁻ ions with dilute HCl.
4. Create a flowchart showing the systematic procedure for detecting anions using dry and wet test methods.
5. Draw and label the color changes observed during the detection of halide ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) using silver nitrate test.
6. Compare and contrast the detection methods for Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻ ions. What key differences exist in their chemical behavior?
 7. Design a step-by-step approach to identify the presence of multiple anions in an unknown solution.
8. You are given four unknown solutions containing different anions. Develop a comprehensive test procedure to identify:
a) SO₄²⁻ ions b) CO₃²⁻ ions c) Halide ions d) NO₃⁻ ions
9. How you would distinguish between Cl⁻ and Br⁻ ions using specific chemical tests.
10. A mixture contains SO₄²⁻ and CO₃²⁻ ions. Develop a detailed experimental protocol to:
a) Separate these ions b) Confirm their individual presence c) Identify potential interfering substances.
11. How do chemical reagents interact with specific anions?
12. Explain the significance of precipitation and effervescence tests in anion identification.
13. In an environmental monitoring scenario, describe three most reliable methods for detecting:
a) SO₄²⁻ ions in water samples b) NO₃⁻ ions in soil analysis c) Halide contamination
14. How would you modify standard anion detection tests for:
a) Increased sensitivity b) Detection in complex mixtures c) Minimal sample requirement
15. List potential sources of error in anion detection tests and suggest methods to minimize these errors.
16. A student obtains unexpected results in a halide ion test. What could be the reasons and plan to improve the results?
17. What is the role of concentration and temperature in anion detection tests.
SLO: Identify Aldehyde and Ketone functional Group

1. Describe the procedure and observation for the Fehling's test to identify an aldehyde.
2. Explain the chemical basis of the iodoform test and how it differentiates between aldehydes and ketones.
3. Write the chemical reaction involved when an aldehyde reacts with Tollens' reagent.
4. Draw the structural differences between an aldehyde and a ketone, highlighting the key functional group characteristics.
5. Provide the structural formula for:
a) An aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms b) A ketone with 5 carbon atoms
6. You are given three unknown liquid samples. Design a step-by-step procedure to:
a) Identify the presence of aldehyde or ketone functional groups
b) Distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
c) Confirm your identification through multiple tests
7. How you would differentiate between: a) Acetaldehyde and acetone b) Formaldehyde and propanone
8. A forensic chemist needs to identify an unknown carbonyl compound. Describe a comprehensive testing strategy including:
a) Initial identification tests b) Confirmatory tests c) Potential challenges and solutions
 9. In pharmaceutical analysis, how would you identify and distinguish between aldehyde and ketone functional groups in:
a) Drug compounds b) Natural product extracts.
10. A student obtains inconsistent results in a carbonyl compound test. Develop a comprehensive troubleshooting approach.

SLO: Prepare Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime

1. List the exact sequence of steps required to prepare Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime, including:
− Specific reagents needed
− Precise quantities
− Sequential reaction steps
− Necessary safety precautions
2. Write down the detailed chemical reaction equation for Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime synthesis, including:
− Structural formulas of reactants
− Balanced chemical equation
− Chemical conditions required
3. List the specific safety precautions necessary during Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime preparation.
4. List the potential chemical hazards associated with each reagent used in the synthesis process.
5. Describe the precise instrumental techniques required for:
− Solution preparation
− Filtration process
− Crystallization
− Purification steps
6. Describe the chemical reaction involved in the preparation of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime. What are the reactants and
products?
7. What is the role of dimethylglyoxime in the preparation of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime? Describe its function in the reaction.
8. What are the expected observations during the preparation of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime? Describe any color changes or
precipitate formation.
9. Discuss the reaction mechanism involved in the formation of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime.
10. Describe the physical appearance of Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime once the preparation is complete.
SLO: Prepare Iodoform.
1. Describe the chemical reaction involved in the preparation of Iodoform. What are the reactants and products?
2. List the safety precautions that should be taken when preparing Iodoform in a laboratory setting.
3. What role does iodine play in the preparation of Iodoform? Describe its function in the reaction.
4. Identify the steps involved in the preparation of Iodoform from ethanol or acetone. Outline the procedure clearly.
5. What are the expected observations during the preparation of Iodoform? Describe any color changes or precipitate
formation.
6. What potential errors could occur during the preparation of Iodoform, and how can they be minimized?
7. List the reagents and materials required for the preparation of Iodoform.
8. Explain the chemical reaction involved in the preparation of Iodoform, including the role of each reagent.
9. What physical and chemical properties can be used to confirm the identity of the prepared Iodoform?
10. Describe the appearance of Iodoform once the preparation is complete.
11. Describe precise instrumental techniques for:
− Solution preparation
− Reaction mixture handling
− Filtration process
− Crystallization method
− Purification steps
SLO: Identify the Carboxylic Acid Functional Group.
1. How do you differentiate between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol using functional group tests? Describe one method.
2. Identify the key physical properties of carboxylic acids that distinguish them from other organic compounds.
3. Describe the structural formula of a carboxylic acid functional group
4. List common methods used to identify the presence of a carboxylic acid functional group in an organic molecule.
5. How does the carboxylic acid functional group affect the acidity of an organic compound?
6. What tests can be conducted to differentiate between a carboxylic acid and other functional groups?
7. Draw the detailed structural representation of the carboxylic acid functional group, indicating:
− Exact atomic bonding
− Electron distribution
− Functional group characteristics
− Resonance structures
 8. Describe the precise step-by-step procedure for identifying carboxylic acids using: a) Sodium bicarbonate test b)
Esterification reaction c) Litmus paper test
9. Explain the exact chemical reactions involved in carboxylic acid identification, detailing:
− Reactants
− Reaction conditions
− Specific observation criteria
− Chemical mechanisms

10. What is the role of hydrogen bonding in Carboxylic acids?

SLO: Prepare Glucosazone

1. List the reagents and materials required for the preparation of Glucosazone.
2. Describe the step-by-step procedure to prepare Glucosazone, starting from the initial reagents to the final product.
3. Explain the chemical reaction involved in the preparation of Glucosazone, including the role of each reagent.
4. Identify the safety precautions that should be taken during the preparation of Glucosazone.
5. What physical and chemical properties can be used to confirm the identity of the prepared Glucosazone?
6. How can you ensure the purity of the prepared Glucosazone?
7. What are the potential sources of error in the preparation of Glucosazone, and how can they be minimized?
8. Explain the reaction mechanism for the formation of Glucosazone from the provided reagents.
9. Explain the role of phenylhydrazine in the preparation of Glucosazone. Why is it essential in this reaction?
10. How can you confirm the formation of Glucosazone after its preparation? Describe one analytical method that can be used.
SLO: Identify Phenol functional group

1. Among the following chemical structures, identify and circle the one(s) containing the phenol functional group.
2. Why the phenol functional group is different from a regular alcohol group.
3. Which of the following reactions confirms the presence of a phenol functional group? Provide the name of the test and
describe the observable result.
4. Classify the following compound as either phenol, alcohol, or neither
5. Analyze the following structure and identify whether it contains a phenol functional group or not. Justify your answer.
6. Describe a chemical test that can confirm the presence of the phenol functional group and state the expected result.
7. Identify a method for testing the presence of phenols in a compound. Describe the procedure briefly.
8. Explain how you can differentiate between phenols and other alcohols using chemical tests. Provide one example of
such a test.
9. What potential errors could occur when identifying the phenol functional group, and how can they be minimized?
10. How the phenol functional group is represented in both the general and skeletal formulae of organic compounds
11. Discuss the physical properties (such as solubility and odor) that are characteristic of compounds containing the phenol
functional group.
12. What tests can be conducted to differentiate between a phenol and other functional groups?
13. Describe the importance of the phenol functional group in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
 SAMPLE PAPERS
Section – A (09)

Q1: The purpose of experiment is to analyze anion (acid radical) and cation (base radical) from the salt (X).

i. When conc. H2SO4 is added to salt(X), steamy acidic fumes evolve from the solution. This is the indication of chloride or
bromide ion. How will you decide whether the fumes are of Cl- or Br-? (2)

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ii. Write 2 confirmatory tests of the radical (acidic) which has been identified? (2)
Experiment Observation Inference

iii. When the salt X is subjected to flame test, it gives brick red flame. Which basic radical Y is indicated? (1)

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 iv. Give two confirmatory tests of radical basic (Y) which is indicated. (2)

Experiment Observation Inference

v. Write the name and formula of given salt? (1)

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vi. What is the principle behind the appearance of basic radical colour on flame? (1)

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Section – B (06)

Question 2: Give answers to following questions.

i. Draw the structure of Dimethylglyoxime (DMG). (2)

ii. What type of alcohols gives positive iodoform test? (1)

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 iii. Write the reaction for the preparation of glucosazone. (1)

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iv. What is the formula of chloroform? (1)

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v. When an organic compound is heated with ethyl alcohol and conc H2SO4 for the detection of a carboxylic acid, a fruity smell
is produced. What can be inferred about the functional group? (1)

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Sample Paper 2

Section – A (09)
Q1: The purpose of experiment is to analyze anion (acid radical) and cation (base radical) from the salt (X).

When acidified KMnO4 is added to salt(X), what colour change will you observe?

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i. Write one confirmatory test of the radical (acidic) which has been identified? (2)

Experiment Observation Inference

ii. When the salt X is subjected to flame test, it gives apple green flame. Which basic radical Y is indicated? (1)

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iii. Give two confirmatory tests of radical basic (Y) which is indicated. (2)

Experiment Observation Inference

iv. Write the name and formula of given salt? (1)

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v. Why copper wire is not used for making paste of salt as it is cheap and easily available as compared to platinum
wire? (1)
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 Section – B (06)

Question 2: Give answers to following questions.

i. What range of pH is required for the formation of nickeldimethyloxime? (1)

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ii. When the blue litmus paper is dipped in the aqueous solution of organic compound, what will be the colour change of litmus
paper? What can be inferred about the nature of organic compound and its possible functional group? (2)
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iii. Write the balanced chemical equation for the preparation of methyl iodide. (1)
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iv. Write the chemicals required for the detection of carboxylic acid functional group? (1)
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v. How we can differentiate between ethanol and methanol by iodoform test? (1)
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