Shah Walli Ullah
BIOGRAPHY
Born on 21st Feb 1703 during the reign of Aurangzeb
Real name was Qutub Ud Din
Father Shah Abdur Rahim founded Madrassa- e -Rahimiya in Delhi
After his father Shah Wali Ullah started to teach in Madrassa- e -Rahimiya
in Delhi 1718
1742 went to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and studies
His teacher (Sheikh Abu Tahir)
Returned to Delhi in 1732
Died in 1762
BELIEFS
Declining Mughal Empire can be controlled by strong leadership from
Delhi
Problems among people due to incomplete knowledge of Islam
Another major Problem is division of Muslims into Sectarian Groups
Un-Islamic Principles
His Work
Translated Holy Quran in to Persian (His sons translated it into Urdu )
51 books on Hadith and Fiqa Most famous was the HAJJATULLLA UL
BALIGHA and IZALATUL AKHFA
His books were great contribution of social and economic justice
Invitation to Ahmad Shah Abdali to fight against marahttas
Importance of His Work
Identified the cause of Muslim Down Fall
His work through Madrassa e Rahimiya
His writings in Persian made it easy for the Muslims to understand religion
Muslim can prosper only if they control Sectarian Prejudices
Jihad against Marhattas
His work Continued after his death
Syed Ahmad Shaheed
Early Life
Born in Rai Bareli near Lacknow in 1786
Father died when he was young
1806 he enrolled in Madrassa- e -Rahimiya in Delhi
1810 joined the forces of Amir Khan (learnt art of western war)
1871 returned to Delhi
Beliefs
• Freedom of Muslims can only be attained if they wage war against non-
Muslims rulers especially British and Sikhs
• End of Social Evils
• After Jihad Islam would revive juhud to struggle ibadat
Jihad bi Qalam , Jihad bil Ilam , Jihad bis Saif , Jihad bin Nafas
Work
• He waged war 1823
• Punjab Under Ranjit Singh who extended his authority up till NWFP which
was not tolerable for Muslims
• He toured Punjab and NWFP to enlist people to fight against Sikhs. He
travelled (Rajhistan, Balochistan, Sindh and Afghanistan)
• Afghan were not ready to join him
• 1826 he established his head quarter near Peshawar, sent message to
Ranjit singh about his Jihad
• Ranjit Singh declined and he made an attack on him(at Okara 1826)
• Syed Ahmad established him as a military commander and encouraged
tribes to join him No of Mujahidin extended to 80,000
• Syed Ahmad moved his army to Balakot where he died while fighting
against sikhs in1831
Importance
• First example in Indian History having fight against Non Muslim Rulers
• Jihad Movement was a uniting force for Muslims
• Jihad Movement considered as fore runnrer of Pakistan Movement
Haji shariat Ullah
• Born in faridpur distt in1781
• Did not belong to a rich family
• Travelled to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and stayed there for 19 years
• He was influenced by the beliefs of Shah Abdul Wahab
• When he returned to Bengal he started Faraizi movement to purify Islamic
practices
Beliefs
• Miserable condition of Muslims led India to be Dar Ul Harb
• He declared Muslims to purify themselves from Un Islamic practices and to
observe Faraiz
• His movement supported the idea of Jihad movement
Work
• He found that the Muslims of East Bengal are oppressed by Hindus and
British
• Emphasis was laid on the performance of Obligations
• His movement created great concern in the minds of British and Hindus
• His work is carried out by his son Mohsin ud din
• He divided Bengal into circles controlled by Khalifa
• He helped the peasants to oppose the excessive taxes imposed by Hindus
and British
• Mohsin ud din’s opposition to taxes led to unrest
Importance
• He gave encouragement to Muslims when they were demoralised
• Brought about spiritual revival
• Peasants of Bengal got united
Possible questions
(4 marks)
• What was Faraizi Movement?
• What was Jihad Movement?
• What was Dar ul Harb?
7 marks
• Why did Shah Wali Ullah start reviving Muslims in the sub continent?
• Why did Jihad Movement fail?
14 marks
• Who among these contributed to the revival of Islam in the sub continent
explain with reference to all three
a) Shah Wali Ullah
b) Syed Ahmad Shaheed
c) Haji Shariat Ullah
