MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1
Single Choice  e 1 / h
 e1 / h 
h  1 / 0
e
h
 e 1 / h 
1. Consider the graph of h(x) = max(x, x2) at x = 0 and x = 1 8. f'(0–) = lim =–1
h 0 h
for D: h (x) = max. (x2, – x2)]

2  e 1 / h  e 1 / h 
3. Let x = which is rational h  1/ h 
3 e  e 1 / h 
f'(0+) = lim
h 0
=1
h
2 1
 h 
3 3 Since f'(0–)  f'(0+)

2  So f(x) is not differentiable.

lim h   t   0  discontinuous at x  Q
t0
3 
12. In the immediate neighborhood of x = /2 , sinx > sin3x
Let x = 2 Q
 |sinx – sin3x| = sinx – sin3x
h  2 = 0 consider 2 = 1.41401235839
Hence for x  /2 ,

 2  = h FGH 1 IJ
1414023583
.
h
10 10
10 K
= 10  0  2(sin x  sin 3 x)  sin x  sin 3 x 
f (x) =  2(sin x  sin 3 x)  sin x  sin 3 x 
Hence h is continuous for all irrational  A  

 x  y  f (x)  f (y) 3sin x  3sin 3 x

5. f  = .......(i) = 3
 3  3 sin x  sin 3 x
f(0) = 0, f '(0) = 3 Hence f is continuous and diff. at x = /2 ]
Put x = 3x and y = 0
f (3x)
f(x) = ........(ii)
3 1/4

 3x  3h  f (3x)  f (3h) 13.

lim f (x  h) = lim f   = lim O 1/2 1
h 0 h 0
 3  h 0 3

f (3x)
= = f(x)
3 x  x2 0  x 1/ 2

y  g(x)   1 / 4 1/ 2  x 1
Similarly we can prove lim f (x  h)  f (x)
h 0  sin x x 1

 f(x) is continuous for all x in R
Given that f '(0) = 3
1
f (h) f (h)
 lim = lim =3
h 0 h h 0  h
O 1/2 1 2 3

  –1
x  2k for 2k   x  2k 
 2 2
7. 
14. x1/3 is not differentiable at x = 0
  3
(2k  1)   x for 2k   x  2k 
2 2

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 DIFFERENTIABILITY

16. I By definition f '(1) is the limit of the slope of the secant 20. I and II are false. The function f (x) = 1/x, 0 < x <1, is a
line when s  1. counter example.
s 2  2s  3 Statement III is true. Apply the intermediate value
Thus f '(1) = Lim
s 1 s 1 theorem to f on the closed interval [a1, b1]
(s  1)(s  3)
= Lim
s1 s 1

22. f (x) is non differentiable at x = , , 0, , 

= Lim (s  3) = 4  (D)
s1 and g (x) is non differentiable at x = , , 0, – 2, 2  (B)
II By substituting x = s into the equation of the secant
23. xlim f (x)  lim x 2 e 2(x 1)  1
line, and cancelling by s – 1 again, we get 1 x 1

y = s2 + 2s – 1. This is f (s), and its derivative is f(1) = 1

f '(s) = 2s + 2, so f ' (1) = 4.] lim f (x)  lim a sgn (x +1) cos2(x – 1) + bx2 = a.1.1 + b
x 1 x 1

for continuity a + b = 1
18. f '(x)
f (x  h)  f (x) f (h)  | x | h  xh 2 (1  h)2 e 2h  1
= Lim  Lim LHD (x = 1) is lim
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
where x = h and y = x  e 2h  1 
2h 2h
lim
= h 0 2e  he   
 f (0) = 0; hence f ' (x)  h 
 f (h)  f (0)  = 2+0+2=4
= Lim   | x |  xh 
h 0
 h  a sgn(2  h) cos 2h  b(1  h) 2  1
RHD (x = 1) is lim
f ' (x) = f ' (0) + | x | = | x | h 0 h
a cos 2h  b  bh 2  2bh  (a  b)
3 = lim
19. Lim f(x) = = f(2)  Lim f(x) = 1 h 0 h
x2 5 x2
 cos 2h  1 
f(x) is not continous at x = 2 = lim a   bh  2b = 2b
h 0
 h 
9 f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 if 2b = 4
Lim f(x) = Lim f(x) = f(3) =
x 3 x 3 2
 b=2 a = –1
Now LHD (x =3) is
3x 2  4 x  1 for x  1
1 9 
((3  h)3  (3  h)2 ) 
Lim  4 2 24. g (x) = 
h 0  ax  b for x  1
h

h 2  8h  21 21 for differentiability at x = 1, g'(1+) = g'(1–1)

 Lim
h 0
 
4 4 4
a = 6x –  a= 6–2=4
9 9 2 x
(| h  1|  | 1  h |) 
and RHD (x = 3) is Lim 4 2 0 for continuity at x = 1, g(1+) = g(1–)
h 0 h a+b=3–4+1  a+b=0  b=–4
f(x) is not differentiable at x =2 and x = 3 a = 4, and b = – 4

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

 x  y  4  2f (x)  2f (y) EXERCISE - 2

26. f   , x, y  R ....(i) Part # I : Multiple Choice
 3  3
differentiate w.r.t. y
4. (C) is false and is True only if f (a) = 0 limit is 2f (a). In
1 xy 2
f     3 f (y) 1
3  3 
(D) same logic limit is f (a)
replace x with 3x and y with 0 2
f(x) = –2f (0)
put x = 0 we get f(0) = 0  | x 3| x 
 f(x) = 0  2
5. f(x) =  x  3x  13 x 1
 f(x) = constant  f(x) = f(0)  4 2 4
4
in equation (i) put x = 0 = y it gives f(0) =
7 Clearly it is continuous at x = 1
4 f(1+) = f(1+) = f(1)
 f(x) =
7
at x = 3 f(3+ ) = f(3+) = f(3) = 0
[x] It is continuous at x = 3
sin
27. g(x) = 4 f (1  n)  f (1)
[x] f(1+ ) = lim = –1
n 0 n
obv. cont. at x = 3/2
 1 f (1  n)  f (1)
at x = 2 f(2–) = sin  f(1–) = lim
4 2  n 0 h

 
sin 1  n 2  2n  1  6  6n  13  8
f(2) = 2  =
2 2   4h
Hence discontinuous at x = 2 n 2 4h n4
= lim =
n 0 4h 4
28. f(x) = [n + psinx] , x  (0, )
 –1
graph of y = n + p sinx

sin
6. f(x) = 4 = 1 ; 1 x<2
1 2

sin
= 2 =1 ; 2 x<3
2 2
3 4
Hence f(x) is continuous at , differentiable at &
2 3
discontinuous at 2.
obviously 1 1
7. f (0+) = ; f (0–) = – ;
f(x) = [n +psinx] is discontinous at points mark in 2 2
above curve
 number of such points  (p –1) + 1 + p –1 = 2p –1 x2 |x|
f (x) = =
2
29. lim |f(x + h) – f(x)|  (x + h – x)2
1  1 x 1  1 x2
h 0

 lim
h 0
|f(x + h) – f(x)|  |h|2 9. Range is R+  {0}  B is not correct
f is not differentiable at x = – 1
f(x  h )  f(x)
 lim 0  f'(x) = 0
h 0 h x3  1 if x  1
 f(x) is constant function  f(1) = 0 
as f (x) =

30. not derivable at x = 0 and 2 (x 3  1) if x  1

184
 DIFFERENTIABILITY

f(x) is continous for x = 0

3x 2 if x  1
 |x|n is differentiable if n  1, n  N
 f ' (x) =
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0, due to presence of |x|
3x 2 if x  1 If all a 2k+1 = 0, f(x) does not contains |x|
f ' (–1+) = 3; f ' (–1–) = – 3  f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
 f is not differentiable at x = – 1
also since f is not bijective hence it has no inverse  
 (C)  cos x ; 0  x  2
20. H(x) = 
  x ;   x  3
(x  1)(2 x  1), x  1  2 2

(x  1)(1  2 x), 1  x  0      
10. f(x)  
 x  1, 0  x 1 H'  2  = – sin x = – 1 H'  2  = – 1
   
(x  1)(2 x  1), x 1
Hence H(x) is continuous and derivable in [0, 3] & has
maximum value 1 in [0, 3]
4 x  1, x  1

 4 x  1, 1  x  0 Part # II : Assertion & Reason
f '(x)  
1, 0  x 1
4 x  1, x 1 2. y = | ln x | not differentiable at x = 1
 3
Function is not differentiable at x = –1, 0 and 1. y = cos | x | is not differentiable at x = ,
2 2
1 y = cos–1(sgn x) = cos–1(1) = 0 differentiable  x  (0, 2)
11. f(x) = x  + |x–1| + tanx
2

1 1 h sin h  0
x is non-differentiable at x = 3. f  (0+) = =0
2 2 h
 |x–1| is non-differentiable at x = 1 h sin (h)  0
f  (0–) = =0
 h
tan x is non-differentiable at x = f (x) is diff. at x = 0
2
2
e.g. x | x | is derivable at x = 0
h ln(cos h) ln(cos h)1 h
12. f ' (0+) = Lim 2 = Lim
h 0 h ln(1  h ) h 0
ln(1  h 2 ) 6. Statement-1 f (x) = sgn (cos x)
h2 
at x =  , cos x = 0
2
1 1 1 
= Lim (cos h  1) = – ; f ' (0–) = – f (x) is discontinuous & non differentiable at x =
h2
h 0 2 2 2
hence f is continuous and derivable at x = 0 Statement - 2 g(x) = [cos x ]

at x = , cos x = 0.
0 0  x 1 2
 0 x  0 or 1 or  1 g(x) is discontinuous & hencenon differentiable
15. f (x) = 
 0 1  x  0 
at x = . (True)
 f (x) = 0 for all in [–1, 1] 2
n
7. Consider g (x) = x3 at x = 0; g (0) = 0
18. f(x) = a k | x |k = a0 + a1 |x| + a2|x|2 + a3|x|3 + ......+ an|x|n
k 0
| g(x) | is derivable as x = 0
f(0) = a 0 we know that lim | x | 0 actually nothing definite can be said. Also for
x 0
g (x) = x – 1 with g (1) = 0
lim f (x)  a 0 then | g(x) | not derivable at x = 1
x 0

185
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

EXERCISE - 3
Part # I : Matrix Match Type 2. Consider the graph of 2 cos x in (–, ). 2 cos x is integer
at 9 points.
[2 cos x] is discontinuous at 7 points in (–, )
tan x  cot x tan x  cot x
1.(A) ƒ(x)   Similarly from graph of 2sinx, we can observe that
2 2
[2 sin x] is discontinuous at 7 points
cot x , tan x  cot x (continuous at –/2, )
ƒ(x)   [2 tan x/2] is discontinuous at 4 points
 tan x , tan x  cot x
(continuous at –/2)
[3 cosec x/3] is discontinuous at 4 points
(continuous at /2)
y = [2 cos x]

There are 4 points where the function is

continuous but not differentiable in (0, 2)

(B)

derivable

(0,1)

y = [2 sin x]
O 1 3/2 2

(C) ƒ (x) = (x + 4)1/3

1
ƒ '(x) = (x + 4)–2/3
3
Not derivable at x = –4

   x.2   
  2 n     2 , 0  x  2
(D) ƒ(x)  
   x,  3
x
 2 2 y = [2 tan x/2]

  
  2 x 0x
2
ƒ ' (x)  
 1  3
x
 2 2

     
ƒ '   ƒ '  = – 1
 2   2 


function differentiable at x =
2

186
 DIFFERENTIABILITY

y = [3 cosec x/3] Part # II : Comprehension

Comprehension–2

 sinh  tanh  cosh  1

0
2h 2  ln(2  h)  tanh
LHD = Lim
h 0 h

sinh tanh 1  cosh

  h
= Lim h 2 h h2 =0
h 0 2h  ln(2  h)  tanh

cos h  0 eh  1
5. (A) f ' (0) = Lim does not exist. Obviously f ‘ (0+) = RHD = 2 = h =0
h 0 h h2
f (0) = f (0–) = f (0+) = 1 L1  y = 0 and L2  x = 0
Hence continuous and not derivable
(B) g (x) = 0 for all x, hence continuous and derivable
1. (x – r)2 + (y – r)2 = r2 (family of circle)
(C) as 0  { f (x) } < 1, hence h (x) = {x}2 = { x } which x2 + y2 – 2rx – 2ry + r2 = 0
is discontinuous hence non derivable all x  I
2 2 2 2
1
2(r1r2 + r1r2) = r1 + r2 or 4r1r2 = r1 + r2
log e
(D) Lim x ln x = Lim x x = e = f (1) 2
x 1 x 1  r2   r2 
  – 4 r  +1 =0
 r1   1

Hence k (x) is constant for all x > 0 hence continuous

and differentiable at x = 1.
1  1  0 ; 1  x2
 0 ; x 1
6. (A) f(x) = 
 1x ; 0  x 1

  sin x ; 1  x  0
at x = 0, f(x) is not continuous & not differentiable
r2 4  12
at x = 1, f(x) is continuous & not differentiable = =2± 3
r1 2
at x = 2 and – 1, f(x) is continuous & differentiable
2. 2[1 + 2 + 3]
x
(C) f(x) = , not defined at x = – 1
x1 1       1 
=2×  cot  4  2   cot 2  1   using 2 ab 
f(x) 2    
g(x) =
f(x)  2
g(x) is not defined at f(x) = – 2   
cos    cos
x 2  4 2  2 1
=–2 x= = 
x1 3   sin
sin   
4 2 2
Also x = 0 is not in the domain of f(x)
So, at 3 points g(x) is not differentiable.

187
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

EXERCISE - 4
Subjective Type

1. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0; differentiable

& continuous at x = /2
2. continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
3. f is not derivable at all integral values in 1 < x  3
4. f(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 0

2sin
 = 1 4 
    ax2  b ; 1  x  1
2sin ·sin   
2 4 2 
 1 ; x 1
5. f(x) =  x
 1
2  ; x  1
 = 1
    x
cos      cos  
 4 4 
 is minimum if numerator is maximum when  = Now f(x) is differentiable at x = 1
4
1
2 2  2ax = at x = 1
min = 1  = 1 = 1  2( 2  1) = 3 + 2 2 x2
1 2  1
1
2
1
 a=
2
3. Area = (2r)2 = 4r2
Also f(x) is continuous at x = 1

3
 a(1)2 – b = – 1  b =
2

6. a  1, b = 0, p = 1/3 and q = –1

Comprehension 4 7. f : R  R and f(x + y) = f(x) f(y)  x, y  R

1 Put x = y = 0 f(0) = f 2(0) since f(0)  0
f(–x) =  f(0) = 1
f(x)
But x = 0  f2(0) = 1  f(0) = 1
f (x  h)  f (x)  f (h)  1
f(x  h)  f(x) lim f(x)f(h )  f(x) f '(x) = lim = lim f (x)
f'(x) = hlim
0 = h 0 h 0 h h 0 h
h h
= f(x) f '(0)
f(h)  f(0 )
f'(x) = f(x) hlim
0 h dy
Let f(x) = y  = y.f '(0)
f '(x) f '(x) dx

f(x)
= –1   f(x)
dx = –x + c
On solving ny = x f '(0) + c
 n f(x) = – x + c
y = f(x) = ec. ex f '(0)
f(x) = e–x
 f(0) = 1  c = 0
at x = 0,  = 1
f(x) = e–x Thus f(x) = ex.f '(0)  x  R
1. Range of f(x) is R+ 2. Range of f(|x|) is (0, 1]
3. f(x) is decreasing function 4. f'(x) = – e–x = – f(x)

188
 DIFFERENTIABILITY

8. (fog)(x) = x + 1 for –2 x –1, –(x + 1) for –1 < x  0 & 15. f(x + yn) = f(x) + (f(y))n
x –1 for 0< x  2(fog)(x) is continuous at x = –1, f(0 + 0) = f(0) + (f(0))n  f(0) = 0
(gof)(x) = x + 1 for –1  x  1 & 3 –x for 1 < x  3. (gof)(x)
f(0  h )  f(0 ) f(h )
is not differentiable at x =1 also f'(0) = lim = lim
h 0 h h  0 h

1 
h m sin    0 f(0  (h1 / n )n )  f(0)
h  1 Let I = f'(0) = lim
9. (A) f'(0) = = hm – 1 sin  
h 0 (h1 / n )n
h h
n
f((h1 / n ))n  f(h1 / n )
 m – 1 > 0 for derivable = lim = lim
h 0  h 1 / n 
= In
h 0 (h 1 / n )n  
1 1
f'(x) = mxm – 1 sin   – xm – 2 cos    I = In or I = 0, 1, – 1
 x  x
Since f'(0)  0 & f(x) is not identically zero

f'(x) to be discontinuous at x = 0, m  (1, 2] So I = 1  f'(0) = 1 .....(i)

(B) Clearly for f(x) to be derivable, & its derivative f(x  h)  f(x)
Thus f'(x) = lim
continuous at x = 0, m  (2, )
h 0 h

10. f (x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = n, f(x  (h1 / n )n )  f(x)
n  f(x) is not periodic. = lim
h 0 (h1 / n )n

11. f is discontinuous at x =2 , f is not differentiable at

f(x)  (f(h1 / n ))n  f(x)
x = 1, 3/2, 2 = lim
h 0 (h 1 / n )n
12. 2x ex
n
 f(h1 / n )
13. f is continuous but not derivable at x = 1/2, f is neither = lim
h 0  h 1 / n 
= (f'(0))n
 
differentiable nor continuous at x = 1 & x = 2
 f'(x) = 1 (using (i))

4 Integrating both side

3 f(x) = x + c
2 f(x) = x [ƒ(0) = 0]
y=x
1 f(10) =10
y = f(x) 1/2
y=|x-1/2| 1
16. y = f(x) = xsin 1/x. sin
0 1/2 1 2 xsin1/ x
1
when x  0, , r = 1,2,3
r
f(0  h)  f(0) f(h) 1
14. f'(0) = lim  1 = lim y = 0, x = 0, where r = 1,2,3,...............
h 0 h h 0 h r
 x Let t = x sin1/x as x  0  , t  0
f 
 lim
f(x)
= 1 ; lim 2 = 1
x 0 x 0 2 1
x x and as x  , t 0
2 r
2
y = t sin1/t
and similarly so on.
lim y  lim t sin t  0 = f(0)
On substituting value we get required result. x 0 t 0

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

 1   2  
also lim y  lim t sin t  0 = f   = lim cos–1  sgn  = cos–1 1 = 0
x
1 t  0  r 
h 0  3  1  
r

1 Hence f(x) is continuous & differentiable at x = –1

 f(x) is continous at x = 0 and
r 19. Differentiability at x = 1
 f(x) is continous  x [0, 1]
sin[(1  h)2 ] 
We know that t = xsin1/x is not differentiable at x = 0 2
 a (1  h)3  b  (a  b)
–
f(1 ) = Lim (1  h)  3(1  h)  8
1 h 0
h
therefore y = tsin1/t = xsin1/x. sin 1 is not
x sin
x a (1  h) 3  a 0 
= Lim  0 form 
differentiable at x = 0 h 0
h  

17. For t  0 3a (1  h) 2
= Lim
h 0
x = 2t – t = t 1
–
y = t2 + t2 = 2t2 f(1 ) = 3a
For t < 0 2 cos(1  h)   tan 1 (1  h)  a  b
f(1+) = Lim
x = 3t, y = 0 h 0
h
Also when
( 2 cos h  tan 1 (1  h)  a  b)
0 x<1  0  t < 1 [ x = t] = Lim
h 0
h
1 Function is differentiable
–1x< 0  t<0 [ x = 3t]
3

f is continuous and differentiable  –2+ =a+b .....(i)
4
at x = 0
2 cos h  tan 1 (1  h)  2   / 2
  2[1  h]   = Lim
18. ƒ (1–) = lim cos–1  sgn    = 2 h 0
h
h 0   3(1  h)  [1  h]
1 1
  2[1  h]  = Lim 2 sin h + =
f(1+) = lim cos–1  sgn 
h 0 1  (1  h) 2 2
h 0   3(1  h)  [1  h] 
Now f(1–) = f(1+)
  2 1
= lim cos–1  sgn    = 0 3a =
h 0   2 2
Hence f(x) is not continuous & not derivable 1
a= .....(ii)
at x = 1 6
Now at x = – 1
 13
by (i) and (ii) b = –
  2[1  h]  4 6
f(–1–) = lim cos–1  sgn 
h 0
  3(1  h)  [1  h] 
 x  h
  4   n  xhx
= lim cos–1  sgn  = cos–11 = 0 f(x  h)  f(x)  x 
h 0   3  2   20. f'(x) = lim  lim
h 0 h 0
h h
  2[1  h]   h
Also f(–1+) = lim cos–1  sgn   n 1  
h 0   3(1  h)  [1  h]   x 1
 lim + 1 + 1 .....(i)
h 0 h x

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 DIFFERENTIABILITY

EXERCISE - 5
xh
f(x  h)  f(x) n x h x Part # I : AIEEE/JEE-MAIN
f'(x) = lim  lim  x 
h 0 h 0
h h
1. f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y)  x, y
 h
 n 1    f(5 + 0) = f(5) . f(0) {f(5) = 2}
 x 1
 lim +1 +1 .....(ii)
h 0
h x  f(0) = 1
from (i) and (ii) f(5  h)  f(5 )
Now f'(5) = lim
h 0 h
1
 f'(x) = +1
x f(5 )f(h)  f(5 )
 lim
h 0 h
1 00
1 1 1  1 
  g   = g   + g   + .... + g  f(h)  f(0)
n 1 n 1 2 1 00  = f(5) lim
h 0 h
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... 100) + 100 = 5150
= f(5) f '(0) = 2 × 3  6

4. Apply L Hospital rule

f '(1  h)
lim 5  f '(1) = 5
h 0 1

5. |f(x) – f(y)|  |x – y|2

| f (x)  f (y) |
  | xy|
| xy |

f (x)  f (y)
 lim  lim | x  y |
xy xy x y

 f '(x)  0  f '(x) = 0
 f(x) is continuous function
 f(1) = 0 = f(0)
x
6. f(x) = is differentiable
1 | x|
 x
1  x , x0

0 , x 0
f(x) =  x
 , x 0
1  x
f(0  h) f(0)
L.H.D. = lim
h 0 h
h
0
1 h
L.H.D.= =1
h

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

h Part # II : IIT-JEE ADVANCED

0
f(0  h )  f(0 ) 1 h
R.H.D = = =1
h h 2. Let us first prove that
so differentiable at (–, ) (I) g is continuous at  and
f (x) – f() = g(x) (x-),  x  R
 sin x2 ; x  0
7. gof(x) =   f(x) is differentiable at .
2
  sin x ; x  0 Since g is continuous at x = 

gof(x) is continuous (LHL = RHL = 0) = f(0) f(x)  f( )

and g(x) =
x
 2 x cos x2 . x  0 We should have, lim g(x) = g()
gof'(x) =  x 
2
2 x cos x ; x  0
f(x)  f( )
 lim = g()  f'(x) = g()
LHD = 0 RHD = 0 x  x

gof(x) is differentiable  f'() exists and is equal to g().

Conversely now we prove.
2 2
 2[cos x  x sin x . 2 x] ; x  0 (II) f(x) is differentiable at x = 
Now gof"(x) =  2 2
 2[cos x  x sin x .2 x] ; x  0  g is continuous at
x =  and f(x) – f() = g(x) (x – )  x  R.
LHD = – 2, RHD = 2
 f(x) is differentiable at x = 
Not differentiable.
f(x)  f( )
 lim = f'()
x  x
x2 ƒ(a )  a 2 ƒ(x)  
8. lim  0 form  exists and is finite.
x a xa  
 f(x)  f( )
Use L'Hospital rule  , x
Let us define, g (x) =  x  
 f'( ), x
2 xƒ(a )  a 2 ƒ '(x)
= lim Then, f(x) – f() = (x – ) g(x), V x 
x a 1
Now for continuity of g(x) at x = 
= 2aƒ(a) – a2ƒ'(a)
f(x)  f( )
9. f(x) = |x – 2| + |x – 5| ; x R lim g(x) = lim = f' () = g()
x  x  x
f(x) is continuous in [2, 5] and differentiable is  g is continuous at x = .
(2, 5) and f(2) = f(5) = 3.
4. Given that f ; R  R such that
 By Rolle's theorem f'(x) = 0 for at least one
f (1) = 3 and f' (1) = 6
x (2, 5). 1/ x 1
 f(1  x) lim [log f(1  x) log f(1)]
Then lim =e x0 x
x 0 
 f(1) 

x2 x5
f '(x)  
x2 x5 1
f '(1  x)
f(1  x)
lim
e x 0 1
f'(4) = 0 but f'(x) = 0 x (2, 5) = [Using L' Hospital rule]
f '(1)

= e f(1 ) = e6/3 = e2

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 DIFFERENTIABILITY

5. Given that Now given that gof(x)  F(x) is continuous for all real
numbers, therefore it will be continuous at – a.
 x  a if x  0  L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(–a)
x  a if x  0  
f(x) =   = 1  x if 0  x  1
 x 1 if x  0    lim F(–a – h) = hlim
 0 F ( – a + h) = F(– a)
 x  1 if x  1 h 0

Now, lim F ( – a – h) = lim a – h + a + 1 = 1

h 0 h 0
 (x  1) if x  0
and g(x) =  2 lim F( – a + h) = lim (–a + h + a – 1)2 + b = 1 + b
(x  1)  b if x  0 h 0 h 0

F( – a) = 1 + b
where a, b  0
Thus we should have 1 = 1 + b b = 0
Then (gof) (x) = g [f(x)]
Again for continuity at x = 0
 f(x)  1 if f(x)  0 L.H.L. = f(0)
= 2 lim f(0 – h) = f(0)
[f(x)  1]  b if(f) (x)  0 
h 0

(Using definition of g(x))  lim (– h + a – 1)2 + b = b

h 0
Now, f(x) < 0 when x + a < 0 i.e. x < – a
 (a – 1)2 = 0  a = 1
f(x) = 0 when x = – a or x = 1
For a = 1 and b = 0, gof becomes
f(x) > 0 when – a < x < 1 or x > 1

 x  2, x  1
 f(x)  1 if x   a  2
 gof (x) =  x , 1  x  1
2
[f(x)  1]  b if x  a or x  1  2
 (x  2 ) x 1
g(f(x)) = [f(x)  1]2 b if  a  x  0
 2
[f(x)  1] b if 0  x  1 Now to check differentiability of gof(x) at x = 0
[f(x)  1]2 b if x  1 We see gof (x) = x2 = F(x)

 F'(x) = 2x which exists clearly at x = 0
[Keeping in mind that x = 0 and 1 are also the breaking Hence gof is differentiable at x = 0.
pt's because of definition of f(x)]
6. Given that f : [– 2a, 2a]  R
 x  a  1 if x  a f is an odd function.
 2
(x  a  1)  b if  a  x  0 Lf' at x = a is 0.
 g[f(x)] = ((1  x)  1)  b if 0  x  1
 2  lim f(a  h)  f(a ) = 0
 (x  1  1)  b x 1 h 0 h

(Substituting the value of f(x) under different conditions)

 lim f(a  h)  f(a ) = 0 ....(1)
h 0 h
 x  a  1 if x  a To find Lf' at x = – a which is given by
 2
(x  a  1)  b if  a  x  0  F(x)(say)
 g[f(x)] =  
 x  b if 0  x  1 lim f(a  h)  f(a ) = lim  f(a  h)  f(a )
h 0 h 0 h
 2
h
 (x  2 )  b if x  1
[ f(– x) = – f(x)]

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

f(a  h )  f(a )     
= hlim
0 11. ƒ     0 , ƒ      0
h  2   2 
   
Again for x  [a, 2a]
f(x) = f(2a – x)  
 1 x
2
 f(a + h) = f(2a – a – h) = f(a – h) 

sin x   x  0
substituting this values in last expression we get 
ƒ '(x)   2
 1 0  x 1
f(a  h)  f(a ) 
Lf' (– a) = hlim
0 =0  1
h x 1
 x
[Using eqn (1)]
– +
Hence Lf' (– a) = 0 ƒ'(0 ) = 0, ƒ'(0 ) = 1  not differentiable at x = 0
ƒ'(1–) = 1, ƒ'(1+) = 1  differentiable at x = 1
9. p = –1 Now 3   
as    ,0
2  2 
 x  1 n  x  1 n
Lim  Lim
x1 log cosm  x  1  x1 log  cos m  x  1   1  1 

3
ƒ '(x) = sinx which is differentiable at x = 
2
 x  1 n
= Lim 12. At x = 0
x 1 c os m  x  1   1

n x 1
n 1 h 2 cos 0
 Lim (0  h)  (0) h
x 1 m cos
m 1 
x  1  sin  x  1  R.H.D = hlim  lim
0 h h 0 h
n x  1 1 n 2 
= Lim   x  1  lim h cos  0  cos( ) = 0 × finite = 0
m x 1  
sin x  1 cos m 1
 x 1  h 0 h
n n 2 ƒ(0  h)  ƒ(0)
= Lim  x  1  = –1 (Given) LHD : = lim
m x 1 h 0 h
 n = 2 and m = 2   
h 2 cos  0
 h   
10. ƒ (x + y) = ƒ(x) + ƒ(y) = lim  lim  h cos  
h 0 h h 0 h
ƒ (0) = 0
=0
ƒ(x  h)  ƒ(x)
ƒ '(x) = lim  LHD = RHD at x = 0
h 0 h
ƒ(x)  ƒ(h)  ƒ(x)  ƒ(x) is differentiable at x = 0
 lim
h 0 h At x = 2
ƒ(h) ƒ(0  h)  ƒ(0) ƒ(2  h)  ƒ(2 )
 lim  lim RHD = lim
h
h 0 h 0 h h 0 h
ƒ'(x) = ƒ'(0) = k (k is constant)
  
 ƒ(x) = kx, hence ƒ(x) is continuous and ƒ'(x) is (2  h)2 . cos  0
 2  h 
constant  x  R  lim
h 0 h

  
cos  
2  h 
= 4 lim
h 0 h

194
 DIFFERENTIABILITY

 f (2) > 0
       f has local min. at x = 2
sin   . 
 2  h   (2  h)2  Hence (A)
 4 lim =
h 0 1
21. f (x) = [x2–3] = [x2] – 3
ƒ(2  h )  ƒ(2 )
LHD : lim f (x) is discontinuous at x = 1, 2, 3, 2
h 0 h
g (x) = (|x| + |4x – 7|) ([x2] – 3)
   
(2  h )2   cos  
  2  h 
 lim
h 0 h
15x – 21 x<0
9x – 21 0x 1
    
4  sin  
 (2  h)   (2  h)2 
6x – 14 1 x < 2
 lim = –. g(x)
h 0 1 3x – 7 2 x < 3
LHD  RHD at x = 2 0 3 x < 2
 Not differentiable at x = 2.
3 x= 2
3 3
19. f(x) = a cos (|x – x|) + b |x| sin (|x + x|)
(A) If a = 0, b = 1, f(x) = |x| sin (|x3 + x|)  g(x) is not differentiable,
 f(x) = x sin (x3 + x)  x  R at x = 0, 1, 2, 3
Hence f(x) is differentiable.

(B, C) If a = 1, b = 0, f(x) = cos (|x3 – x|)

3
f(x) = cos (x – x)
Which is differentiable at x = 1 and x = 0.

(D) If a = 1, b = 1 f(x) = cos (x3 – x) + |x| sin (|x3 + x|)

= cos (x3 – x) + x sin (x3 + x)
Which is differentiable at x = 1

f (x)g(x)
20. if lim 1
x 2 f '(x)g '(x)

f '(x)g(x)  g '(x)f (x)

if lim 1
x 2 f "(x)g '(x)  f '(x)g "(x)

f '(2)g(2)  g '(2)f (2)

As Limit 1  1
f "(2)g '(2)  f '(x)g"(2)

g '(2).f (2)
 1  f ''(2) = f(2)
f "(2)g '(2)
Hence option (D)
As f (2) = f(2) and range of f(x)  (0,)

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

MOCK TEST 5. (B)

1. (A) 1
f : R  R, g(x) =
f (x)

1
g(x) = – ·f (x)
f (x) 2
 g is one - one if f is one - one.
6. (D)
From figure

The functions is not differentiable at two points

between x = – /2 & x = /2 also function is not
 
continuous at x = and x = – hence at four points
2 2
function is not differentiable. There are 4 points

2. (D) 7. (A)
(0,2) lim f(x) = 0
• x 0

(1, 1) { lim x2 = 0 and {e1/x} is a bounded function}

x 0

 k= 0
(2, 0)
• x f (0  x)  f (0)
(1,0) lim = lim x{e1/x} = 0
x 0 x x 0

3. (B) [C & D]
f (2x  2y) sin(x  y)  f (0) = 0
=
f (2x  2y) sin(x  y) not continuous at x = log2e, log3e,..... etc.

f ( ) f () 8. Function
  =  =k f(x) = (x2 – 1) |x2 – 3x + 2| + cos (|x|) ....... (i)
sin sin
2 2 Imp Note : In differentiable of |f(x)| we have to
consider critical points for which f(x) = 0
x
f(x) = k sin |x| is not differentiablity at x = 0
2
cos(–x), if x  0
k x k x but cos | x | = 
f(x) = cos , f(x) = sin  cos x, if x  0
2 2 4 2
4 f(x) + f(x) = 0 cos x, if x  0
 cos | x | = cos x, if x  0

4.
x 1+ x 1

lim f(x) = lim+ [x 2 ] + {x}2  lim (1 + 0) = 1
x 1+ Therefore it is differentiable at x = 0
 lim f(x)  lim (0 + 1) = 1 and f(1) = 1 Next, |x2 – 3x + 2| = |(x – 1) (x – 2)|
x 1– x 1–
 (x –1)(x – 2), if x  1
 lim f(x) = f(1) =  –(x –1) (x – 2), if 1  x  2
x 1
 (x –1)(x – 2), if 2  x
 continuous at x = 1 
similarly we check for another integers

196
 DIFFERENTIABILITY

Therefore, 9. (B)

 (x 2 – 1) (x – 1) (x – 2)  cos x, if –   x  1 S1 : lim f(x) = f(a)

x a
 2
f(x) =  – (x – 1) (x – 1) (x – 2)  cos x, if 1  x  2
 (x 2 – 1) (x – 1)(x – 2)  cos x, if 2  x    lim [f(x)] is an integer and
 x a

Now, x = 1, 2 are critical point for differentiability lim [f(x)] = lim f(x) = f(a)
x a x a
Because f(x) is differentiable on other points in its
 S1 is true
domain
S2 : Derivative of cos |x| at x = 0 is 0 but derivative of |x|
Differentiability at x = 1 does not exist at x = 0
f (x) – (1)  S2 is false
L f (1) = x lim
1–0 x –1 S3 : False : Consider the function x1/3

 2 cos x – cos1 1 , x Q
= x lim
1–0 
(x –1)(x – 2)  S4 : Let f(x) =  1 , x  R ~ Q and
 x –1  
= 0 – sin 1 = – sin 1
cos x – cos1 d 0 , x Q
( lim = (cos x) g(x) = 1 , x  R ~ Q
x 1– 0 x –1 dx 
at x = 1 – 0
then gof (x) = 0, x  R
= – sin x at x = 1 – 0 = – sin x at x = 1 = – sin1
 S4 is true
 (x) –  (1)
and R  (1) = lim 10. (A)
x 1 0 x –1

 cos x – cos1  f (a  h)  f (a)

= x lim –(x 2 –1)(x – 2)  S1 : Lim exists finitely
1 0  x –1  h 0 h

= 0 – sin 1 = – sin 1 (same approach)
 Lf (1) = Rf (1).
 f (a  h)  f (a) 
Therefore, function is differentiable  Lim f(a + h) – f(a) = Lim  h=0
h 0 h 0  h 
at x = 1.
f (x) – f (2)  Lim f(a + h) = f(a) Similarly Lim f(a + h) = f(a)
Again Lf (2) = lim h 0 h 0
x  2–0
x–2
 f is continuous at x = a
lim  2 cos x – cos 2 
= x  2–0  –(x –1)(x –1)  x–2  
S2 : Function is not differentaible at 5x = (2n + 1) only,,
2
= – (4 – 1) (2 – 1) – sin 2 = – 3 – sin 2
which are not in its domain.
f (x) – f (2)
and R f (2) = x lim
20 x–2 1 1
S3 : Let f(x) = & g(x) = – 2 , Lim (f(x) + g(x)) exists
x2 x x 0
 2 cos x – cos 2 
= lim  (x –1)(x –1)  
x 20  x–2 whenever Lim f(x) and Lim g(x) does not exist.
x 0 x 0
= (22 – 1) – sin 2 = 3 – sin 2
So L f (2)  R f(2), f is not differentiable at x = 2 S4 : Not necessary.
Therefore, (d) is the answer.

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

11. (B,D) 14. (A, B, D)

(A) lim f(x) does not exist

x 1  1
 x 1 , 0  x  1
2 
(B) lim f(x) =  2
x 1 3 f(x) =  , 1 x  2
 f(x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1  x
 3 5
(C) lim f(x) does not exist  x 1 , 2  x  2
x 1


1
(D) lim f(x) =
x 1 2 2
 f(x) has removable discontinuity at x = 1 3

12. (A,C,D) 2

f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy (x + y) 1
½
f(0) = 0
1 2 5/2
f (h)
 lim =–1
h 0 h clearly f(x) is discontinuous and bijective function
f (x  h)  f (x) 1
 lim Lim f(x) =
h 0 h x 1 2
f (x)  f (h)  xh(x  h)  f (x) Lim f(x) = 2
= lim x 1
h 0 h
f (h) 1
= lim
h 0 h
+ lim x (x + h) = – 1 + x2
h 0
min Lim 
x 1
f (x), Lim
x 1
f (x) =  2
 f(1)

 f (x) = – 1 + x2 max (1, 2) = 2 = f(1)

x3 15. (A, D)
 f(x) = –x +c
3 both x2, –x3/2 have their RHL = 0 and RHD = 0
 f(x) is a polynomial function, f(x) is twice 16. (C)
differentiable for all x  R and f(3) = 32 – 1 = 8
3
|x|
x x x
f (x)  f    f    ...  f  
13. im 2  3  k   0 form 
x 0 0  O
x  
x3
 1 x 1 x 1  x 
= im  f (x)  f     f     ...  f    
x 0
 2 2 3 3 k  k 
|f(x)|
1
1 1 1 2
=1+ + + .... + =  (1  x  x  ...  x n 1 ) dx
2 3 n 0

1 1
f(x) Sharp corner.
1 xn 1  (1  x) n non -differentiable
=  dx =  dx
0
1 x 0
x

n n n
C2 C3 Cn
= nC1 – + – ........ + (–1)n–1 .
2 3 n

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 DIFFERENTIABILITY

17. (A)
f (x) = |x| sin x 1
x 2 sin 0
x
0 – h sin(0 – h) – 0 f (0) = lim x =0
L.H.D = lim x 0
h 0 h

– h sin h
= lim =0 1 1
h 0 h 
 2x sin  cos , x0
f (x) =  x x ,
0  h sin(0  h) – 0  0 , x0
R.H.D = lim
h 0 h
f (x) is differentiable at x = 0 which is clearly not continuous at x = 0.
 statement is false
18. (A)
Statement-II : is true (standard result)
f(2) = 4
f(2–) = Lim |[x] x| = 2 21. (A)  (q), (B)  (p), (C)  (s), (D)  (p)
x 2

Discontinuous  Non. differentiable

 0 , 1 x  2

19. (A) (A) f(x) =  1  x , 0  x 1
 sin x , 1  x  0

 x 2  5x  6 , x2
 2
Statement-I f(x) =   x  5x  6 , 2  x  3 continuous at x = 1 but not differentiable
 x 2  5x  6 , x 3

h 2e –1/ h  0
(B) f(0–) = lim = hlim
0
(– he–1/h) = 0
h 0 –h
 2x  5 , x2

f (x) =  2x  5 , 2  x  3 1 x
 2x  5 , (C) g(x) = 1 =
 x 3 3x  2
1  (2  2x)
x
f (2–) + f (2+) = –1 + 1 = 0
thus the points where g(x) is not differentiable are
 (x  a)(x  b) , xa
 2
Statement-II f (x) =  (x  a)(x  a) , a  x  b x = 0, –1, –
 (x  a)(x  b) , 3
 xb
(D) vertical tangents exist at x = 1 and x = –1 else where
horizontal
 2x  a  b , xa

f (x) =  2x  a  b , a  x  b y
 2x  a  b , xb

 f (a–) = a – b, f (a+) = –a + b –1 o 1 x
 f (a–) + f (a+) = 0
statement-2 explains statement–1.
20. (D) tangents exist.
1  number of points where tangent does not exist is 0
 2
 x sin , x0
Statement-I :f(x) =  x ,
 0 , x 0

Since lim f(x) = 0, therefore, f(x) is continuous

x 0

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

22. (A)  (p, t, r), (B)  (p, r, s), (C)  (p, r, s), 24.
1. (C)
(D)  (p, r, s)
(A) f(x) = |x3| is continuous and differentiable lim f(x) = a + b
x  1

(B) f(x) = | x | is continuous

lim f(x) = 4b
x  1
1 x
f (x) = . {does not exist at x = 0} for continuity a + b = 4b i.e. a = 3b .....(i)
2 |x| |x|
f (1  h)  f (1)
f(1+) = lim
(C) f(x) = |sin–1 x| is continuous h 0 h

sin 1 x 1 2b(1  h)  2b  (a  b)
f (x) = . {does not exist at x = 0} = lim
| sin 1 x | 1 x2 h 0 h

(D) f(x) = cos–1 |x| is continuous 3b  a  2bh

= lim = 2b
h 0 h
1 x
f (x) = . {does not exist at x = 0}
1 x 2
|x| f (1  h)  f (1)
f(1–) = lim
h 0 h
23.
1. (B) a(1  h) 2  b  a  b
= lim
h 0 h

a( 2h  h 2 )
= hlim
 0 h
–2 –1 –1/2
–1/2 1
= 2a
2
2 2a  2b, a  b
–1
–2 2. (A)
–1, –1/2 are two points of discontinuity lim g(x) = lim cx2 + d = 4c + d
x  2 x2
2. (C)
Y lim g(x) = lim (dx + 3 – c) = 2d + 3 – c
x  2 x2

g(2) = 4c + d
–1 –1/2 1/2 1  4c + d = 2d + 3 – c
X
–1/2  d = 5c – 3
–1
3. (D)
–2
Discontinuous at 0, 1/2 lim f(x) = 8b, lim f(x) = 3 (a – 1) + 2a – 3 = 5a – 6
x  3 x3
3. (C)
Since f(x) is continuous at x = 3
 8b = 5a – 6 .........(i)
2 f (3  h)  f (3)
f(3–) = lim
1
h 0 h
2b (3  h)  2b  8b
= lim = 2b
-2 –1 –1/2 1 h 0 h
2

at –1, –1/2, 1/ 2 the function is not differentiable. f (3  h)  f (3)

f(3+ ) = lim
h 0 h

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 DIFFERENTIABILITY

 function is differentiable at x = 1
(a  1) (3  h)  2a  3  8b
= lim  f1(1–) = f1 (1+)
h 0 h
Since f is differentiable at x = 3 1 1
 3a =  a=
2 6
 lim (a – 1) (3 + h) + 2a – 3 – 8b = 0
h  0 Function will also be continuous at x = 1
i.e. 5a – 8b – 6 = 0  lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 1 x 1
 f(3+ ) = a – 1
thus a – 1 = 2b ........(ii) 
 a+b=–2+
1 4
from (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b =
2 1   13
 b=–2– + = –
25. 6 4 4 6
1. (A)  k1 = 6 & k2 = 12
2 2
f (a  h)  f (a)  k1 + k2 = 180 Ans.
L.H.D. = lim
h 0 h 27. (1)
f (a  h)  f (a) f (a  h)  f (a) 1
= lim = lim | x |p sin  x | tan x |q  0
h 0 h h 0 h x
lim
2. (A) x 0  x
If f is even, then f (– x) = – f (x)
 p1 1 q
f  (a  h)  f  (a) = lim  x sin  | tan x |  = 0
x 0  x 
 f(a+) = lim
h 0 h
If p – 1 > 0 and q > 0 .....(i)
f  (a)  f  (a  h) f  (a)  f  (h  a)
= lim = lim 1
h 0 h h 0 h | x |p sin  x | tan x |q  0
lim x
x 0
3. (B) x

lim f ( x)  f (x  h) = f (–x) and  p p 1 1 q

h 0 h = lim  (1) x sin  | tan x |  = 0
x 0  x 

lim f (x)  f (x  h) = – f (x) if p – 1 > 0 and q > 0 .....(ii)

h 0 h  f(x) is differentiable if p > 1 and q > 0
 f (– x) = – f (x)  f (x) is an odd function i.e. p + q > 1
 f is an even function
 least possible value of [p + q] = 1

26. (180) 28. Given f(x + y3) = f(x) + [f(y)]3 and f ’(0) > 0
ax  b3
, 0  x 1 putting x = y = 0, we get
f(x) =  1
f(0) = f(0) + (f(0))3  f(0) = 0
 2cos x  tan x , 1  x  2
as tan [x2] = tan n , n  f(h)
f(0 + h) – f(0)
also f(0) = limit = limit
h 0 h h  0 h
 3ax 2 , 0  x 1

f(x) =  1
2 sin x  , 1 x  2 f(0 + (h1/3 ) 3 ) – f(0)
 1 x2 Let L = f’(0) = limit
h 0 (h1/3 )3
As the function is differentiable in [0, 2]

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30. (3)
3
 f (h ) 1/3

f(x + y + 1) = ( f (x)  f (y))2

= limit = L3
h 0 (h1/3 )3
f (1) = 4
or L = L3 or L = 0 , 1, –1 as f(0) > 0
 f(0) = 0, 1  f (x)
f(x + y + 1) = 2 ( f (x)  f (y)) .
x 2 f (x)
f(x + h) – f(x)
Thus f ’(x) = limit
h 0 h  f (y)
y
f(x + y + 1) = ( f (x)  f (y)) .
f (y)
f  x  (h1/3 )3   f (x)
= limit
h 0 (h1/3 )3 f (x) f (y)

f (x) f (y) = k
f (x)  (f (h1/3 )) 3  f (x)
f ’(x) = limit
h 0 (h1/3 )3 f (x)
  dx =  k dx
 f ’(x) = 0 , 1 f (x)
Integrating both sides, we get
 2 f (x) = kx + c
f(x) = 0 or f(x) = x + c
put x = 0
As f(0) = 0 , we have f(x) = 0 or f(x) = x
 4=k+2  k=2
Now f(x) = 0 is imposible as f(x) is not identically zero
 f(x) = x and f(10) = 10  2 f (x) = 2(x + 1)

29. (8)  f(x) = (x + 1)2

(i) f(x) = sin–1 (2x 1 – x 2 )

 1 1
 –  – 2sin x , –1  x  –
 2
 1 1 1
=  2sin x , – x
 2 2
 1 1
  – 2sin x ,  x 1
 2

 2 1
– 2
, –1  x  –
 1– x 2
 2 1 1
f(x) =  , – x
 1 – x2 2 2
 –2 1
 ,  x 1
 1 – x2 2

4 4
f(1/2) = ,f(–1/2) =
3 3

202