Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 8A (Refer to §8.

1A)

8.1A Exterior Angles of a Triangle

Consider ABC as shown. BC is produced to D.

BD and AC will form an angle c1 outside the triangle.
c1 is the exterior angle of ABC.
a and b are the interior opposite angles of c1.

1. In each of the following, determine whether x is an exterior angle of PQR.

S
(a) (b) P
x R
x
S
R
P Q
Q

(c) P (d) S T
x
R
Q R S
x P
Q

QRS is a straight line. SRP and TRQ are straight lines.

2. Refer to the figure. Write down the two interior opposite

q
angles of each of the following exterior angles.
b
c
(a) p (b) q a p

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its

two interior opposite angles.
i.e. In the figure,
c1 = a + b
[Reference: ext. ∠ of ]

37
Example 1 Instant Drill 1
In the figure, ACD is a straight line. Find x. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Find y.
B B
∠ABC and ∠BAC
are the two interior 55°
42°
opposite angles of x. C
y 38°
x 78° D
A A
D C
Sol x = 42° + 78° ext. ∠ of Sol y = ( )+( ) ext. ∠ of
= 120° =
3. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Find x. 4. In the figure, ACD is a straight line. Find p.
A x
28° D C
A D
122° C 41° 100°
B p

100° = ( )+( B ) ext. ∠ of

=

5. In the figure, ACD is a straight line. Find q. 6. In the figure, CBE and ACD are straight lines.
D 5q Find m and n. ∠ABC (i.e. m) and
B
C E ∠______ are the
B 104° adjacent angles on
the straight line
2q m CBE.
n
A D
C 30°
A
m+( )=( ) adj. ∠s on st. line
=
Ex 8A 1−6

7. In the figure, ABE and DACF are straight 8. In the figure, ACD and FBCE are straight
lines. Find x. lines. Find y.
150° D D
B E 60°
E A
The two interior 77° C
opposite angles of
x are ∠______ and x
∠______. C 80° B
F A
y F

Ex 8A 7−12

38
 9. In the figure, BCD and ECA are straight lines. 10. In the figure, ADC and EBD are straight lines.
Find m and n. Find p and q.
B E
E q
m B
n 86°
C 68°
35° 47°
A 64° p
D C 26°
D A
B
m
C
In ABC, A

m =( )+( ) ext. ∠ of
=

In CDE, E m
n
C

Ex 8A 13−15

 Level Up Question
11. In the figure, ADCG, BEC and DEF are straight lines. B F
Find p and q. p 58°
E
140°
q G
D C
A

39
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

8 Angles in Triangles and Polygons

Consolidation Exercise 8A 
Level 1
In each of the following figures, QRS is a straight line. Find the unknowns in the figures.
[Nos. 1−
−6]
1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 7−

−14]

40
7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12.

41
13. 14.

15. In the figure, ADB, AEC and DEF are straight lines.
Find x.

16. In the figure, QTR is a straight line. Find y.

Level 2
Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 17−
−20]
17. 18.

42
19.

20.

21. In the figure, UYZ and UXW are straight lines.

Is UZ parallel to VW ? Explain your answer.

22. Find x in the figure.

43
23. Refer to the figure. Express a in terms of x and y.

24. In the figure, MOL and NOK are straight lines.

Express d in terms of a, b and c.

25. In the figure, HAOED and BCOGF are straight lines. Find
the sum of all the marked angles.

44
Consolidation Exercise 8A (Answer)
1. 90° 2. 142° 15. 31° 16. 68°
3. 18° 4. 62° 17. 123°
5. 25° 6. 37° 18. x = 26°, y = 78°
7. a = 36°, b = 78° 19. x = 37°, y = 69°
8. 137° 9. 79° 20. x = 39°, y = 61°
10. 40° 11. 47° 21. yes 22. 49°
12. 28° 23. a=x+y
13. p = 80°, q = 40° 24. d=a+b−c
14. x = 116°, y = 21° 25. 360°

45
Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 8B (Refer to §8.1B−C)

8.1B Isosceles Triangles

Names of different parts of an isosceles triangle:

Equal sides Vertical angle Base Base angles

I. Properties of Isosceles Triangles

The two base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. A A

i.e. In ABC, if AB = AC,

then ∠B = ∠C.
[Reference: base ∠s, isos. ] B C B C

Example 1 Q
Instant Drill 1
Find x in the figure. P x Find a in the figure. D E
30° a
40°
F
R
Sol PQ = QR Sol DF =
x = 40° base ∠s, isos. a= 

1. Find y in the figure. B 2. Find x in the figure. R

67° 3 x
2 2
y
C A
3 65°
P Q

3. In the figure, ACD is a straight line. Find p and 4. In the figure, TP // QR. Find a and b.
q. A
Q
q Find p b R
first.

B p a
C T 56°
140°
D P

Ex 8B 1−4 Ex 8B 16−18, 20

48
 In ABC with AB = AC and D is a point on BC, if
any one of the conditions below is true, then the
other two conditions must also be true.
(i) ∠BAD = ∠CAD
(ii) BD = DC
(iii) AD ⊥ BC
[Reference: property of isos. ]

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

In the figure, D is a point on BC such that In the figure, M is a point on PR such that
BD = DC. Find p and q. QM ⊥ PR. Find x and y.
A Q
20° P 17°
x
p y
M
q 4
C
R
D Sol In PQR,
Sol In ABC, B = and .
AB = AC and BD = DC.
p = 20° property of isos.
AD ⊥ BC property of isos.
i.e. q = 90°

5. In the figure, EGF is a straight line. DG is the 6. In the figure, M is the mid-point of YZ. Find p
angle bisector of ∠EDF. Find x and y. and q. i.e. YM =
D Y MZ
i.e. ∠EDG =
∠ q

10 p
10
X M
30°

y
E x G F
3 Z

Ex 8B 10−12

49
II. Conditions for a Triangle to be Isosceles

In ABC,
if ∠B = ∠C,
then AB = AC.
[Reference: sides opp. eq. ∠s]

Example 3 Instant Drill 3

Determine whether ABC is an isosceles triangle. Determine whether ABC is an isosceles triangle.
C B
63° B
Find ∠A first.
126° 27° C
63°
A
Sol ∠A = ∠B = 63° A
Sol ∠A + ( )+( ) =( )
CA = CB sides opp. eq. ∠s
∠A =
i.e. ABC is an isosceles triangle. Are there any
equal angles?

7. Find x and y in the figure. A 8. In the figure, DBC is a straight line. Find p and
Is ABC q. C
58° 4 p
isosceles? 5.3 y
A
If yes, which two 67°
sides are equal? q
x 64°
C
B 5
113° B

Ex 8B 5, 6

9. Refer to the figure. Find n, and hence determine whether ABC is an B

isosceles triangle. 70°

n
C
40°
A
D

Ex 8B 19, 22

50
8.1C Equilateral Triangles

Each of the three interior angles of an equilateral triangle is 60°.

i.e. In the figure,
if ABC is an equilateral triangle,
then ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°.  Conversely, for ABC,
[Reference: property of equil. ] if ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°,
then ABC is an
equilateral triangle.

Example 4 Instant Drill 4

Find x in the figure. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. Find
7 cm C y. A
A
x
7 cm
7 cm 25°
y C
B B
Sol AB = BC = AC Sol ABC is an equilateral triangle.
ABC is an equilateral triangle. ∠ABC = _______ property of equil.
x = 60° property of equil.

10. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle. 11. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle
Find m and n. and M is a point on AB. Find p and q.
B C

A 30°
p
q Does ABC have
n+1 m the properties of
A M
8 isosceles triangles?
2n − 3
B
C

Ex 8B 7−9

51
 12. In the figure, BDC and DAE are straight lines. 13. In the figure, AED and BEC are straight lines.
ABC is an equilateral triangle. Find p and q. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Find x and y.
C B
Find ∠CBA
D first. D
p
E y
B x
25°
A C
40°
q
A
E

Ex 8B 13−15 Ex 8B 21

 Level Up Question
14. Refer to the figure. A
(a) Find x.
(b) Is ABC an equilateral triangle? Explain your answer.
60° B
Consider the sizes of its interior
angles. 75° x
D
C

52
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

8 Angles in Triangles and Polygons

Consolidation Exercise 8B 
Level 1
Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 1−
−9]
1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

Find the unknowns in each of the following figures. [Nos. 10−

−13]
10. 11.

53
12. 13.

Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 14−

−17]

14. 15.

16. 17.

18. In the figure, JKL is a straight line.

(a) Is KLM an isosceles triangle? Explain your answer.
(b) If a + b = 180°, is KLM an equilateral triangle?
Explain your answer.

Level 2
Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 19−
−22]
19. 20.

54
21. 22.

23. In the figure, QRS is a straight line, ∠QUR = 30°, UQ = US,

QP // ST and UR ⊥ QS. Find a.

24. In the figure, QUP, QRS, PTR and UTS are straight lines.
Is PQR an equilateral triangle? Explain your answer.

25. In the figure, RTP is a straight line, SR = SP and

ST // PQ.
(a) Find a and b.
(b) Is PRS an equilateral triangle? Explain your answer.

26. In the figure, ADB is a straight line and AD = BD = CD.

(a) Express ∠CDB in terms of x.
(b) Is AC perpendicular to BC? Explain your answer.

27. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle.

(a) Find x.
(b) Is ADB an isosceles triangle? Explain your answer.

28. In the figure, ABFE is a square. BCF and EFD are

equilateral triangles. Find ∠FCD.

55
Consolidation Exercise 8B (Answer)
1. h = 42°, k = 96° 16. a = 58°, b = 116°
2. m = 71°, n = 38° 17. x = 30°, y = 60°
3. 66° 18. (a) yes (b) yes
4. y = 50°, z = 3 19. 66°
5. 94° 20. y = 104°, z = 294°
6. a = 78°, b = 51° 21. 48°
7. 15 8. 2 22. x = 70°, y = 95°
9. 120° 23. 15° 24. yes
10. h = 13, k = 32° 25. (a) a = 45°, b = 30°
11. a = 90°, b = 38° (b) yes
12. x = 8, y = 90° 26. (a) ∠CDB = 2x (b) yes
13. y = 30°, z = 105° 27. (a) 15° (b) yes
14. 79° 15. 35° 28. 15°

56
Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 8C (Refer to §8.2A)

8.2A Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon

The sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon is (n − 2) × 180°. This property holds
for both convex and
[Reference: ∠ sum of polygon] concave polygons.

1. Fill in the blanks.

(a) Sum of interior angles of a 14-sided polygon =( − ) × 180° ∠ sum of
polygon
=
(b) sum of interior angles of a 22-sided polygon = _____________________
______________
=
Ex 8C 1−3

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Find y in the figure. Find x in the figure.
A
B How many sides
y does this
polygon have?
B
A x
110° C
130°
60° 110° 100°
C D E D
Sol ABCD is a quadrilateral. Sol ABCDE is a .
y + 90° +
= (4 − 2) × 180° ∠ sum of
130° + 60° polygon
y + 280° = 360°
y = 80°

2. Find m in the figure. 3. Find n in the figure.

A F G F
m
140° A n
110° E 145°
B 136° 140°
120° 150° E
130° D 113°
B 115°
C C
D

59
 Ex 8C 4−9

4. Find p in the figure. 5. In the figure, ABF is a straight line. Find θ.

A D
F C
E 150°
150° 110°
θ 126° 97° F
B p
B
160° E
120° 45°
p A
C D

Ex 8C 10−12

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

The figure shows a regular decagon. Find x. The figure shows a regular 16-sided polygon. Find
A decagon has y.
x
_____ sides.
y

Sol Sum of interior angles of a regular decagon Sol Sum of interior angles of a regular 16-sided
= (10 − 2) × 180° ∠ sum of polygon polygon
= 1 440° =
All the interior angles of a regular
polygon are equal.
1 440°
x=
10
= 144°

6. Find the size of each interior angle of a regular 20-sided polygon.

Ex 8C 13−15
7. If the sum of interior angles of an n-sided 8. If the sum of interior angles of an n-sided
polygon is 1 620°, find the value of n. polygon is 1 980°, find the value of n.
Set up an equation
60
according to the
given conditions.
 Ex 8C 16−18

 ‘Explain Your Answer’ Question

9. The figure shows a part of a regular polygon. Steven claims
170° 170° 170°
that the polygon has 36 sides. Do you agree ? Explain your answer.

Sum of interior angles of a regular 36-sided polygon

=

 Level Up Question
10. Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures.
(a) E D (b) D E
A
3x 2x C 150°
113° 142°
104°
y F
275° 123°
x 115° G
B C B x
A

New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

61
8 Angles in Triangles and Polygons

Consolidation Exercise 8C 
Level 1
Find the sum of interior angles of each of the following polygons. [Nos. 1−
−3]
1. Nonagon 2. 14-sided polygon 3. 20-sided polygon

Find the unknown in each of the following figures. [Nos. 4−

−9]
4. 5.

6. 7.

8. 9.

62
Find the unknown in each of the following figures. [Nos. 10−
−12]
10. 11.

12.

Find the size of each interior angle of the following regular polygons. [Nos. 13−15]
13. Regular 10-sided polygon

14. Regular 24-sided polygon

15. Regular 36-sided polygon

In each of the following, the sum of interior angles of a polygon is given. Find the number of sides of the
polygon. [Nos. 16−
−18]
16. 1 080° 17. 3 060° 18. 4 680°

Level 2
Find the unknown(s) in each of the following figures. [Nos. 19−
−24]
19. 20.

63
21. 22.

23. 24.

25. It is given that the sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon is 4 times that of a heptagon. Find the
value of n.

26. Find the number of sides of a regular polygon if the size of each of its interior angles is
(a) 157.5°, (b) 165.6°, (c) 172°.

27. (a) Find the size of each interior angle of a regular pentagon.
(b) If the size of each interior angle of a regular n-sided polygon is 1.5 times that of a regular
pentagon, find the value of n.

28. Is it possible that the size of each interior angle of a regular polygon is 175°? Explain your answer.

29. In the figure, ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and AHGF is a square. Find
x and y.

64
Consolidation Exercise 8C (Answer)
1. 1 260° 2. 2 160° 21. 58°
3. 3 240° 4. 53° 22. x = 36°, y = 25°
5. 170° 6. 73° 23. x = 62°, y = 123°
7. 125° 8. 81° 24. a = 63°, b = 98°
9. 159° 10. 66° 25. 22
11. 69° 12. 74° 26. (a) 16 (b) 25 (c) 45
13. 144° 14. 165° 27. (a) 108° (b) 20
15. 170° 16. 8 28. yes
17. 19 18. 28 29. x = 75°, y = 45°
19. 24° 20. 58°

65