Section A: Objective Type Questions (1 mark each)

1. The resistance of a conductor does not depend on which of the following?

a) Length of the conductor

b) Cross-sectional area of the conductor
c) Material of the conductor
d) Shape of the conductor

2. The magnetic field around a current-carrying straight conductor is in the shape of:

a) Straight lines
b) Circular loops
c) Ellipses
d) Parabolas

3. In a series circuit, the current:

a) Varies across components

b) Is the same across all components
c) Is zero
d) Increases with resistance

4. The energy of a body is 500 J. If the time is 10 s, the power of the body is:

a) 10 W
b) 50 W
c) 100 W
d) 200 W

5. A concave mirror forms an image that is real, inverted, and diminished. Where is the object
placed?

a) At the focus
b) Between the focus and mirror
c) Beyond the focus
d) At the pole

6. The work done in moving a charge in an electric field is equal to:

a) Electric potential
b) Electric potential energy
c) Electric force
d) Energy

7. A battery of 1.5 V is connected to a 3 Ω resistor. What is the current flowing through the circuit?

a) 0.5 A
b) 1 A
c) 2 A
d) 3 A
8. In a convex lens, an object is placed at a distance greater than twice the focal length. The image
formed will be:

a) Real, smaller, and inverted

b) Real, larger, and inverted
c) Virtual, larger, and erect
d) Real, smaller, and erect

9. What is the use of a fuse in an electric circuit?

a) To limit the current flow

b) To regulate voltage
c) To increase current flow
d) To store energy

10. The image formed by a plane mirror is:

a) Real, inverted, and diminished

b) Virtual, erect, and of the same size
c) Real, erect, and diminished
d) Virtual, inverted, and diminished

11. In which direction does the magnetic field act in a solenoid?

a) Perpendicular to the axis of the solenoid

b) Along the axis of the solenoid
c) Opposite to the flow of current
d) Randomly

12. In which type of mirror does the image formed always appear smaller than the object?

a) Concave mirror
b) Convex mirror
c) Plane mirror
d) All mirrors

13. The color of the sun appears white because:

a) It emits all colors of the spectrum equally

b) It emits only red color
c) It emits yellow light
d) The atmosphere scatters all colors except white

14. What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the resistance of a metallic conductor?

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Initially increases and then decreases

15. In the process of refraction of light from rarer to denser medium, the of light:

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Changes depending on the medium

16. Two bulbs of 100 W and 40 W are connected in series. The current through the 100 W bulb is 1
A. The current through the 40 W bulb will be

(a) 0.4 A

(b) 0.6 A

(c) 0.8 A

(d) 1A

17. The resistance of a resistor is reduced to half of its initial value. If other parameters of the
electrical circuit remain unaltered, the amount of heat produced in the resistor will become

(a) four times

(b) two times

(c) half

(d) one fourth

Section B: Short Answer Type Questions (2 marks each)

18. A long straight current-carrying conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field. What will be the
effect on the force experienced by the conductor if the magnetic field is reversed, but the direction
of current remains the same?

19. what is the relationship between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical mirror?

20. State the law of reflection of light.

21. Explain the concept of potential difference. What is its unit?

22. what is the difference between series and parallel combinations of resistors?

Section C: Long Answer Type Questions (3 marks each)

21. Define magnetic field. State the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying
conductor.

22. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Calculate the
position of the image formed and its nature.

23. What are the different types of lenses? Explain their characteristics and uses.

24. A household uses a 100 W bulb for 6 hours daily. Calculate the total energy consumed by the
bulb in one month (30 days). If the cost of 1 unit (kWh) of electricity is ₹8, find the total cost of
electricity for the month.

25. What is dispersion of light? Explain the formation of a rainbow

26. What is the near point and far point of the human eye? How can these vary in case of a person
with myopia and hypermetropia?

27. Define the term "power of accommodation." Explain how the human eye focuses on nearby and
distant objects.

28.A 6Ω resistance wire is doubled on itself. Calculate the new resistance of the wire.

29. Three 2Ω resistors A, B and C are connected in such a way that the total resistance of the
combination is 3 Ω. Show the arrangement of the three resistors and justify your answer.

30. (i) How is electric current related to the potential difference across the terminals of a conductor?
Draw the labelled circuit diagram to verify this relationship. (ii) Why should an ammeter have low
resistance?

31. it is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
(i)What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii)Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw ray diagram to show the formation of
image in this case,.
(iii)Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 6 cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray diagram
for this situation to justify your answer.

Case Study 1: Electric Current and Heating Effect

A 100 W electric heater is connected to a 220 V supply. The current flowing through the heater is
constant during its operation.

Question 1:
Calculate the current flowing through the heater.

Question 2:
What is the resistance of the heater?

Question 3:
How much heat is generated by the heater in 1 hour?

Question 4:
If the voltage is reduced to 110 V, how will the heat generated by the heater in 1 hour change?

Case Study 2: Reflection and Images

A concave mirror is used to form an image of an object placed in front of it. The focal length of the
mirror is 10 cm, and the object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from the mirror.

Question 1:
Find the image distance using the mirror formula.

Question 2:
Describe the nature of the image formed (real or virtual, upright or inverted, magnified or
diminished).
Question 3:
If the object is moved to a distance of 5 cm from the mirror, what will be the new position and nature
of the image?

Question 4:
What will happen to the image if the focal length of the mirror is increased to 20 cm while keeping
the object at the same position?

Case Study 3:

Lena is a student who loves watching sunsets, as she enjoys the changing colors of the sky during the
evening. One evening, as she was observing the sunset, she wondered why the sky appears blue
during the day and why it changes color during sunset. She also thought about the role of the human
eye in seeing these beautiful colors. She decided to learn more about the way light interacts with the
atmosphere and how the human eye perceives different colors.

Lena read that sunlight consists of a mixture of many colors, and these colors can be separated into a
spectrum using a prism. She also discovered that the scattering of light in the atmosphere plays an
important role in the colors we see in the sky. Lena was particularly fascinated by the fact that the
human eye can detect millions of different colors, and the perception of these colors depends on the
wavelength of light that enters the eye.

Questions:

1. Why does the sky appear blue during the day?

2. What causes the color of the sky to change during sunset?

3. What is meant by "scattering of light," and how does it affect the colors we see in the sky?

4. If Lena were to look at a prism under sunlight, what colors would she observe, and why?

Case Study 4:

A student is experimenting with an electric current flowing through a wire and its magnetic effect.
She sets up the following:

1. She places a long straight conductor in a horizontal position.

2. She connects the conductor to a power source such that current flows from left to right.

3. She places a compass near the conductor to observe the magnetic field produced by the
current.

4. She notes that when the compass is placed above the wire, the needle deflects in a certain
direction. Similarly, when placed below the wire, the compass needle deflects in the
opposite direction.
 5. She then wraps the wire into a coil and places the compass near the coil to observe the
magnetic effect. She notices that the compass needle is deflected in a specific direction
when placed near the coil.

Questions:

1. What does the student observe about the direction of the magnetic field when the current flows
through the straight wire?

2. What is the relationship between the magnetic field and the direction of the current in the
straight conductor? How can it be explained using the Right-Hand Thumb Rule?

3. When the student wraps the wire into a coil, what does the coil resemble in terms of the
magnetic field produced?

4. How can the strength of the magnetic field produced by the current in the coil be increased?