Objectives
1. Components of a Fuel Supply System
2. Functions of a Diesel Fuel Injection
System
3. Direct and Indirect Diesel Injection
System
Introduction
to Fuel Supply Systems
Fuel Supply System:
The purpose of the fuel supply system is to store, filter,
and supply the fuel (petrol or diesel) to fuel delivery
devices such as fuel injectors and carburetors
The general fuel supply system for light machines
consists of (but not limited to):
(i) A fuel tank
(ii) Fuel lines
(iii) Fuel filters
(iv) Fuel pump
(v) Fuel supply rail
(vi) Delivery devices such as a carburetor or fuel
ejectors
*Sketch of a fuel system*
*Sketch of a Carburetion system*
*Sketch of a Fuel Injection system*
Components
Of
A fuel Supply System
Components:
(a) Fuel tank – Stores the machine’s fuel supply
(b) Fuel pump – A fuel pump serves the function to
transfer fuel from the fuel tank to the carburetor or
fuel injection system.
(c) Fuel lines – These are pipes used to transfer fuel
between the fuel tank and the fuel injection system or
carburetor
(d) Fuel filter – Are used to screen solid particles from
fuel, hence preventing wear of the fuel supply system
(e) Fuel Injector – This is a component used to
inject atomized fuel into the cylinders of an engine
as in the case of high efficiency engines such as
automobiles.
(Simple petrol/spark ignition engines such as
those found in low performance motorcycles,
generators, hedge trimmers, motorboats,
lawnmowers, e.t.c use carburetors instead to
achieve air-fuel mixtures)
(f) Injector pump
More specifically in a diesel/compression ignition
engine, the injector pump serves the following
functions:
(i) Pressurize the fuel – The injection pump raises the
pressure of the fuel to make it possible for
atomization
(ii) Metering precise amounts of fuel – The fuel pump
is responsible for delivering equal and precise
amount of fuel to every cylinder, in case of multi-
cylinder engines
Functions
Of a
Diesel Fuel Injection
System
Functions:
(i) Pressurize the diesel – The injection pump raises
the pressure of the diesel to make it possible for
atomization
(ii) Atomizing the diesel – Diesel is reduced to tiny
droplets by the tiny nozzles on the fuel injector to
ensure it combusts effectively/cleanly
(iii) Adjusting injection timing – The diesel injection
system has a timer used to adjust and change fuel
injection timing, so that maximum power is obtained
(iv) Metering precise amounts of diesel – The fuel
pump is responsible for delivering equal and precise
amount of diesel to every cylinder, in case of multi-
cylinder engines
(v) Proper control of the rate of injection – This is to
ensure that the desired heat-release pattern is
achieved during combustion
Direct and Indirect
Diesel Injection System
Direct Injection
In this arrangement, the diesel is injected
directly into the combustion chamber, which is
usually formed in the crown of the piston, the
cylinder head being flat
Indirect Injection
In this arrangement, the diesel is injected into a
pre-combustion chamber, which is directly
above the cylinder
Direct and Indirect Diesel Injection Systems
*Direct Injection* *Indirect Injection*
Direct Diesel Injection Systems
Advantages Limitations
High injection pressures are
1 Construction is simple
required
Produces more smoke,
Higher torque is
2 meaning more pollution and
produced
deposits
Higher thermal
efficiency as heat is The air and fuel do not mix as
3
hardly lost in the well as indirect fuel injection
chamber
Advantages Limitations
Less fuel is consumed
Lower engine speeds than
due to less loss of
4 indirect fuel injection
pressure in
systems
compression stroke
Higher mechanical
Higher noises and vibration
5 efficiency than indirect
produced
diesel injection system
Does not require cold Heavier and larger engines
6 starting at the required to withstand
chambers vibration and high pressures
Indirect Diesel Injection Systems
Advantages Limitations
Low injection pressures Require glow plugs for a cold
1
are required engine start
Fuel efficiency is lower than
Makes it possible to
direct fuel injection due to
2 produce small size
the large exposed areas in
engines
the system causing heat loss
Higher engine speeds
These engines are suited for
3 can be achieved then in
less power output
direct fuel system
Advantages Limitations
Lower stresses are Less thermal efficiency since
4 created on its internal heat is lost due to large
components exposed areas
Injection direction is not
5 very important in this
setup
Lower noise and
6
vibration
Up Next:
1. Carburetion
* Functions
* Sketch
* Working Principle
* Limitations
2. Ignition System
* Function
* Sketch
* Components
