Bharat
national
public Chemistry
school
Investigation Project On
Fertilizers
Index
S.NO Topic
1 Certificate
2 Acknowledgement
3 Abstract
4 Introduction
5 Statement Questions
6 Theory
hypothesis
Uses of fertilizer
Name
7 – Daksh Mehra
Definition of terms
Experiment
Aim
Class – XII Material Require
Procedure
Observe
Section – A Analysis of fertilizers
Result
8 Bibliography
Session – 2022-23
Teacher Signature __________
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Daksh
mehra a student of Class XII has
successfully completed the project on
“Investigation on fertilizers” in the
academic year 2022 - 2023.
_______________
Chemistry Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my Chemistry
teacher "Mrs. Seema singh" for her
able guidance and support in
completing my Project.
I would also like to extend my
gratitude to the Principal sir " Mr.
Kanwaljeet Khungar" for providing me
with all the facility that was required.
Daksh mehra
12th ‘A’
Abstract
Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide essential
nutrients required for optimum growth. Even if the person is lucky enough to
start with great garden soil, as your plants grow, they absorb nutrients and
leave the soil less fertile. Nutrients in the soil also help plants grow strong. Some
nutrients that plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and sulphur.
Introduction
Fertilizers, also known as food elements, are materials produced to supple these
elements in a readily available form of plant use. It helps to make plants grow
faster which help some farmers and gardeners for their business. Choosing the
right fertilizer help us to get everything we need from the plants we eat or from
the meat of animals that eat plants. Plants are factories that do all of the work
to process the basic elements of life and make them available to us.
Fertilizers help feed the world. The FARO has stated that "after land and water,
fertilizers are probably the most important input leading to increased yields". It
is inherently difficult to estimate the share of fertilizers in increasing agricultural
output since so many factors are involved. It has been estimated that fertilizer
contribute about 40% of the nitrogen in human protein consumption, it follows
that nearly one third of this protein depends on fertilizers. Therefore, it is
important for us to know which fertilizers to use for us to sustain properly the
needs of every plant.
Increased crop production largely relies on the type of fertilizers used to
supplement essential nutrients for plants. Fertilizer application is required to
replace crop land nutrients that have been consumed by previous plant growth
with the ultimate goal of maximizing productivity and economic returns. Now a
day, there is increased emphasis on the impact on soil environment due to
continuous use of chemical fertilizers. The impact of chemical fertilizer
application on agricultural land is seen not only in terms of the soil quality but
also on the survival of soil organisms dwelling there in.
Chemical fertilizers provide three major plant nutrients; nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium or NPK. However, the ever increasing cost of commercial
fertilizer products driven, in part, by the inevitable depletion of global
phosphorus, is forcing producers to look for alternative sources like bio
fertilizers and other organically-based solutions.
In literature, some researchers have concluded the chemical fertilizers to be
harmful for soil organisms but on the contradictory they have been supported
too to be beneficial as far as their food supply is concern. The primary
advantages of using bio solids as a fertilizer alternative are cost efficiencies and
the presence of nutrients and organic matter. Returning these valuable
materials back to the soils is a critical element in long-term sustainability.
Statement Of The Problem
This research aim to compare 2 different brand of fertilizer: Chemical fertilizer
and Citrus sinensis Peeling (bio-fertilizers), specifically the researchers sought to
answer the following questions:
01. How do the researchers determine the effectively of these product?
02. What are advantages and disadvantages of using these fertilizers?
03. Which fertilizer will make plants grow faster and healthier? Which fertilizer
is better and safer to use: Citrus sinensis peeling or branded fertilizer
Hypothesis
The researchers will determine the effectivity of the product by testing the
effectivity of 2 brand of fertilizer in separate plants (Plant A and Plant B). After
the testing, the researchers will record the result and make a statement about
the research.
Significance of the Study
The study is beneficial to:
1. Farmers and gardeners
The benefit of this study will help them to improve the quality of their products,
save time with their work, and get a higher profit.
2. Environment
The benefit of this study will help our environment by helping the soil and
plants to sustain their needs and provide the essential nutrients required for
optimum growth.
3. Agricultural company
The benefit of this study will help them to give a good service to their customers
by giving them a high and good quality products (ex: rice, vegetables, and fruits)
4. Community
The benefit of this study will help the community to sense this as a source of
income if made into a business.
Definition of terms
The following technical terms are defined in this study.
Nitrogen- tasteless odourless gaseous chemical element
Phosphorus-poisonous waxy chemical element
Potassium- silver white metallic chemical element
Calcium- a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth most abundant element by
mass in the earth's crust.
Sulphur- an abundant, multivalent non-metal
Citrus Sinensis- the scientific name of sweet oranges. It is what most
consumers commonly buy.
Aim:
The research about the comparison between 2 different brands of fertilizer was
aimed to help the community to be aware of the importance of fertilizers and also to
give them the information in which fertilizer to use for their plants.
Materials:
• Pot A and Pot B
• Good quality of soil
• Seeds to be use (any kind of plant: pechay)
• Water
• Sunlight
• Branded Fertilizer
• Orange peelings
Procedure:
1. Sow seeds thinly on shallow furrows across the seed pot, and cover lightly
with fine topsoil. Do not broadcast seeds when sowing to avoid thick
germination in one place.
2. Water the seed pot daily. Watering and other cultural management practices
should be regularly done.
3. Apply liberal amount of fertilizer (Citrus Sensis Peeling for pot A and branded
fertilizer for pot B) at the base of the plants, then cover lightly with soil and
water immediately.
4. Water the plant whenever necessary or depending on your own judgment or
observation of the plant
5. Always remember to give both pots a presence of sunlight for their process of
growing.
6. Every week, measure the height of both plants.
Observe
As long as the researchers followed the procedures, success of experimentation
will be achieved. Factors such as sunlight could affect the study. In addition, if
this is not available, possible that this study could fail. However, researchers
could try it once more again and again until the study is evaluated.
Analysis of Fertilizers
Elements:
NITROGEN:
Major fertilizers containing N:
(a) Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
(b) Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
(c) Urea (NH2CONH2)
(d) Ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4]
Preparation:
Most of nitrogen fertilizers are obtained form synthetic NH3. This chemical
compound is used as gas or in water solution or it is converted to salts.
Nitrogen Deficiencies
(a) Pale, green, yellow leaves
(b) Stunted growth Nitrogen in Excess
Nitrogen in Excess
(a) Lower disease resistance
(b) Weaken stem
(c) Decay maturity
(d) Lower fruit quality
PHOSPHORUS:
Major fertilizers containing P:
(a)DAP - Diammonium phosphate [(NH4)2PO4]
(b)Calcium phosphate - Ca3(PO4)2
(c) Triple phosphate and super phosphate
Preparation:
Most phosphoric fertilizers are obtained by the treatment of calcium phosphate with
H2SO4 and phosphoric fertilizers. Calcium phosphate is mainly derived from phosphate
rock and bones. Phosphate rock is found in deposits of sedimentary origin laid down on
beds of ocean floor.
Phosphorus deficiencies
(a) Pale purple colour on the underside of leaves
(b) Reduced flower, fruits and seed production
Advantages of P:
1. Encourage cell division
2. Hastens maturity, offsetting quick growth caused by N
3. Encourage root growth
4. Increase disease resistance
Phosphorous in excess
1. Causes dehydration of roots
2. Increase soluble salt content of medium
POTASSIUM:
Major fertilizers containing K:
1. Potassium chloride (Potash)
2. Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Preparation:
It is the seventh most abundant element found in earth's crust. Potassium
chloride which is principal commercial form of potash and some KNO 3 is also
used for production of potash fertilizer.
Potassium deficiencies:
1. Leaves appear dry and scorched
2. Irregular yellow areas on the surface
Advantages of K:
1. Increase disease resistance
2. Encourage healthy root and stems
3. Essential for starch formation
4. Efficient use of CO2
Potassium in excess
1. Affects soil acidity
2. Reduced flower, fruit and seed production
RESULT
Fertilizer has NH4+ as cation. (The fertilizer detected is Vermi Compost).
Observation Table
Experiment Observation Inference
The given fertilizer has N in elemental form. (The fertilizer detected is
(Ammonium Nitrate).
Structure of Ammonium Nitrate.
(Ammonium Nitrate).
Fertilizer has Ca2+ as cation.
References:
1.google.com
2. wikipedia.org
3. toppersarena.com
4. jmooneyham.com
5. ianrpubs.unl.edu
