Introduction

Overview
The rapid advancement of IoT and cellular applications demands highly efficient and compact
antenna designs to support diverse frequency bands. IoT devices require antennas with stable
radiation characteristics and efficient power management. Meanwhile, the continuous
evolution in cellular networks necessitates antennas with enhanced spectral efficiency and
minimized interference. Our research aims to bridge these gaps by developing a multiband
MIMO antenna suitable for sub-6GHz applications. This project focuses on the development
of a multiband MIMO antenna to enhance IoT and cellular communication. The design will
incorporate advanced simulation techniques using HFSS to optimize antenna performance.
The research will contribute to the development of more efficient wireless communication
systems by addressing the limitations of current antenna technologies.

Objective
The objective of this study is to design a compact and efficient multiband MIMO antenna for
IoT and cellular applications. The antenna will be optimized for sub-6GHz frequency bands,
aiming to improve bandwidth, gain, and efficiency through advanced simulation techniques.
The proposed design will be validated through fabrication and testing to ensure its practical
applicability.

Problem Statement
The increasing demand for reliable and high-speed wireless communication has led to the need
for advanced antenna designs. Existing multiband antennas often suffer from trade-offs
between size, efficiency, and bandwidth. Additionally, limited research has been conducted on
MIMO antennas specifically optimized for sub-6GHz applications. This project aims to
address these challenges by designing a novel multiband MIMO antenna with improved
performance characteristics. By enhancing connectivity for IoT and cellular devices,
optimizing spectral efficiency, and providing a compact and efficient solution, this research
will significantly contribute to modern wireless communication systems.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 Project – PO, PSO, SDG Mapping

Table (a) PO Mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
Design of Multiband
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Antenna for IoT and ✓
Cellular Applications

Justification:
PO1 (Engineering Knowledge): Applying fundamental engineering principles to design and
analyze antennas.
PO2 (Problem Analysis): Identifying and resolving challenges in antenna design, such as size
reduction and efficiency improvement.
PO3 (Design/Development of Solutions): Creating an optimized antenna model that meets
industry standards.
PO5 (Modern Tool Usage): Utilizing HFSS simulation software to develop and refine the
antenna design.
PO12 (Life-long Learning): Encouraging research and development in the evolving field of
wireless communication.

Table (b) PSO Mapping

PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

Design of Multiband Antenna for ✓ ✓

Justification:
PSO1: Demonstrating expertise in RF and antenna design using advanced simulation tools.
PSO2: Implementing efficient and cost-effective solutions for real-world IoT and cellular
applications.

Table (c) SDG Mapping

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Design of Multiband Antenna for SDG 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure

Justification: The project contributes to technological innovation through advanced antenna

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 Proposed Work

Phases of Work
The project will be carried out in three major phases: Design, Simulation, and Testing.
In the Design Phase, an extensive literature review will be conducted to understand existing
antenna architectures and their limitations. Based on the findings, an optimal antenna topology
will be selected, and the design specifications will be finalized. Key considerations such as
frequency response, radiation pattern, and impedance matching will be analyzed to ensure
efficient performance across multiple bands.
The Simulation Phase will involve the implementation of the antenna design in HFSS (High-
Frequency Structure Simulator). This phase will focus on parameter optimization to achieve
enhanced bandwidth, gain, and efficiency. The antenna performance will be validated through
various simulations, including return loss, radiation efficiency, and MIMO characteristics.
Iterative modifications will be applied to refine the design until the desired performance
metrics are met.
In the Testing Phase, the optimized antenna will be fabricated, and real-world performance
evaluation will be conducted. A prototype will be developed using PCB fabrication techniques,
and the antenna will be tested using measurement tools such as a Vector Network Analyzer
(VNA) and an anechoic chamber. The results from experimental testing will be compared with
simulation data to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed design.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
Block Diagram

Design Phase Simulation Phase Testing Phase

Figure (a) Work Flow Block Diagram

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 Requirements

Software Requirements
HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) is an industry-standard electromagnetic simulation
software widely used for designing and analyzing high-frequency electronic components,
including antennas. It provides precise solutions for electromagnetic field problems, enabling
optimized antenna designs by simulating parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, and
efficiency. HFSS allows iterative tuning to achieve desired performance characteristics, making
it an essential tool for this project.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 Proposed Timeline
The project will be completed in a structured manner, following a phased approach to ensure
efficiency and accuracy. Below is the detailed timeline for each phase of the project.

Phase 1: Software Familiarization and Literature Review (10-15 Days) Gain hands-on
experience with HFSS and understand its simulation environment. Conduct an in-depth literature
review on multiband MIMO antennas and identify research gaps. Study existing antenna designs
and their limitations.
Phase 2: Antenna Design and Optimization (March 2025) Develop an initial antenna model
based on design considerations. Optimize parameters such as bandwidth, gain, and efficiency.
Conduct iterative refinements to enhance the antenna performance. Finalize the antenna design
before moving to simulation.
Phase 3: Simulation and Performance Analysis (March - April 2025) Implement the antenna
design in HFSS and perform electromagnetic simulations. Analyze key performance metrics such
as return loss, radiation patterns, and efficiency. Adjust design parameters based on simulation
outcomes. Validate results through multiple test cases to ensure accuracy.
Phase 4: Antenna Fabrication and Testing (April – May 2025) Fabricate the optimized
antenna using PCB fabrication techniques. Test the fabricated antenna using tools such as a
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and anechoic chamber. Compare experimental results with
simulation data to validate the design. Make final adjustments if required and prepare for project
submission
Phase 5: Research Paper Writing and Report Compilation (Till May 15 th 2025) Document
all research findings, methodologies, and simulation results. Compile a research paper
highlighting the significance and outcomes of the proposed antenna. Prepare the project report,
including all necessary design considerations and justifications.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 Application
Multiband MIMO antennas have significant applications across various fields, enhancing
connectivity, reliability, and efficiency in modern communication systems. Some key
applications include:

Internet of Things (IoT): The antenna design ensures seamless connectivity for IoT devices in
smart homes, healthcare monitoring systems, and industrial automation.

Cellular Communication: Supports 5G and LTE networks by optimizing spectral efficiency and
enhancing network coverage.

Wireless Sensor Networks: Used in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and disaster

Automotive Industry: Integrated into connected and autonomous vehicles for robust vehicle-to-
vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication.

Defense and Aerospace: Provides reliable communication for military applications, UAVs, and
satellite systems.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT
 References
[1] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley,
2016.

[2] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2011.

[3] R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook.
Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 2001.

[4] S. Collardey, J. F. Zurcher, and J. R. Mosig, "Compact multiband antennas for IoT
applications," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 45-56, June 2021.

[5] K. L. Wong, "Planar multiband MIMO antennas for LTE and 5G mobile communications,"
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 3768-3778, June 2019.

[6] H. Singh, A. Sharma, and M. Kumar, "Design and simulation of a compact MIMO antenna
for sub-6GHz applications," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56789-56800, May 2022.

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, BPIT