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Example Sheet 7

The document is an exercise sheet for a Linear Algebra course, focusing on vector spaces and subspaces. It contains various problems requiring the determination of whether given sets are vector spaces or subspaces under specified operations. Additionally, it includes tasks related to specific subsets of vector spaces, such as polynomials and functions, and a request for an example illustrating that the union of two subspaces may not be a subspace itself.

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16 views2 pages

Example Sheet 7

The document is an exercise sheet for a Linear Algebra course, focusing on vector spaces and subspaces. It contains various problems requiring the determination of whether given sets are vector spaces or subspaces under specified operations. Additionally, it includes tasks related to specific subsets of vector spaces, such as polynomials and functions, and a request for an example illustrating that the union of two subspaces may not be a subspace itself.

Uploaded by

fattima.afzal456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATH10202 Linear Algebra A

Exercise Sheet 7 - Vector spaces and subspaces


Attempt all questions and hand in the starred exercises to your supervisor
before the week 8 supervision class.

1. For the following sets V and given fields K, determine whether or not
V is a vector space over K with the specified operations of addition
and scalar multiplication. If your answer is NO, give at least one vector
space axiom that fails to hold.

(i) Let V = R and K = Q with ordinary addition of real numbers


and multiplication by rational numbers.
(ii) Let V = M2 (R) and K = R with ordinary addition of matrices
and scalar multiplication defined by
   
a b ka b
k = .
c d c d

(iii) V is the set of sequences (an ) = a1 , a2 , a3 , ... with an ∈ R for all n


and K = R, with addition and scalar multiplication defined by

(an ) + (bn ) = (an + bn ), k(an ) = (kan ).

2. Let V = R2 and K = R. Which of the following are subspaces of V ?


Give reasons for your answers.
  
x 2
(*)(i) W = ∈ R | y = 2x
y
  
x 2
(ii) W = ∈ R | x, y ≥ 0
y
  
x 2
(iii) W = ∈ R |x = 0
y

3. Let V = M2 (R), K = R with the usual matrix addition and scalar mul-
tiplication. Determine which of the following subsets W are subspaces
of V . Give reasons for your answers.

(i) W = {A ∈ M2 (R) | detA = 0}.


(*)(ii) W = {A ∈ M2 (R) | A + AT is a diagonal matrix}.

1
  
a b
(iii) W = | a, b ∈ R .
−b a
4. Let V = P, the vector space of all polynomials with real coefficients
and K = R. Determine which of the following subsets W are subspaces
of V . Give reasons for your answers.

(i) W is the set of polynomials with zero constant term.


(ii) W is the set of polynomials of even degree.

5. Let V = F, the vector space of all functions f : R → R and K = R.


Determine which of the following subsets W are subspaces of V . Give
reasons for your answers.

(i) W = {f ∈ F | f (−x) = f (x), ∀x ∈ R}, the set of even functions.


(*)(ii) W = {f ∈ F | f (−x) = −f (x), ∀x ∈ R}, the set of odd functions.
(iii) W = {f ∈ F | f (0) = 0}.

6. Let S be the set of all functions f ∈ F that satisfy the differential


equation
f 00 + f = 0.
Show that S is a subspace of F.

(*)7. Let V be a K-space with subspaces W1 , W2 . Give an example to show


that W1 ∪ W2 may not be a subspace of V .

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