Chapter 3 : Data Interpretation

Data analysis and interpretation have now taken center stage with the advent of the digital age…
and the sheer amount of data can be frightening. Data interpretation refers to the implementation of
processes through which data is reviewed for the purpose of arriving at an informed conclusion.
This involves asking a series of questions about your data that relate to your study question. Your
answers to these questions are organized as ndings and conclusions. Based on these, you may develop
recommendations for action or further study. There are four steps to data interpretation :

Step 1: Assemble the Information

Collect information and put them into an ordered manner.
Example 1 : Organizing Data
Test scores for a class of 32 Interval Tally Frequency
were recorded as follows:90, 85, 91 - 100 |||| | 6

74, 86, 65, 62, 100, 95, 77, 82, 81 - 90 |||| ||| 8
50, 83, 77, 93, 73, 72, 98, 66, 4,
71 - 80 |||| |||| | 11 Fact :-
100, 50, 89, 78, 70, 75, 95, 80, |||| On average, every human created at least
61 - 70 4
78, 83, 81, 72, 75.
51 - 60 0 1.7 MB of data per second in 2020
Sometimes data is grouped into specic intervals.
45 - 50 ||| 3
Total Frequency 32

Example 2 :
Rohit spend money for his house hold expense as follows

Household Amount Monthly Household Expenses

expenses We can represents given data in a (1000) 10 %
Internet 1,000 pictorial form, hare we uses Pie Chart
Electricity 2,000 We can have another representation Internet
Grocery 4,000 (3000) 30 %
Other 3,000 like line chart or Bar chart (2000) 20 %
Electricity

Grocery
Other

HOW TO CREATE PIE CHART? (4000) 40 %

Step 2: Develop Findings

Findings are observations about our data. They are the statements that summarize the
important points.

From the above two examples, we have nding like :
1. Most of students (11) score 71-80.
2. Very a smaller number of students for score 41-50 and 91-100.
3. From example 2 we can have information about expenses highest in on grocery and lowest on Internet.
Step 3: Develop Conclusions

Conclusions are our explanation of why the data look the way they do. Our conclusions should relate
back to the questions we asked at the beginning of our monitoring program.

Examples of conclusion
from example 1, we can conclude as three students having score 41 -50 need better care, Students who
score 61 – 70 need attention too, but other students require motivation and less care.
From Example 2, Rohit spend money on household expense and highest spend on grocery 2nd highest
spend on others.
Step 4: Develop Recommendations

Recommendations are based on our ndings and conclusions. They can take two forms:
action that should be taken and further information that should be gathered.
For example 1, seven students need to care
For example 2, Electricity bill is too high

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Example: In a circle below are the details of library books in the school library.
Library books Now, answer the following questions:
Q1. How many books are there in the library at all?
Ans. Science 200 + French 100 + English 300 + Math 400 = 1000 books
Science, 200 Q2. Name the subject on which least number of books is there in the library.
English, 300
Ans. French, 100
French, 100 Q3. Find the number of books on Math subject in the library.
Ans.400
Q4. Work out the difference between the number of French books and English books.
Math, 400 Ans. English Books – 300
French Books – 100
Difference = 300 – 100 = 200
Example of Pictograph:
In the following table there is given the number of tree plantation in a city in different years.
Represent the above data by pictograph.

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003

Number of Tree 5000 7000 9000 12000
Solution :
Pictograph of numerical data of trees

2000 = 1000 Tree

2001

2002

2003

Q1. The following table shows daily production of chocolates in a factory for 7 days of a week.
Represent this information through a pictograph.

Days Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

Production of 300 400 50 150 300 350 200
Chocolates
Hint: Draw 1 whole Chocolate for 100 chocolates and draw 1/2 Chocolate for 50 chocolates
Q2. The following graph shows the favorite fruit of the students of grade 4.
16
Now, answer the following questions:
Q1. How many students have grapes as their favorite fruit?
14
Ans. _________
12
Q2. Which fruit was chosen by most students?
10
Ans. _________
8
15 No. of Students Q3. Which fruit was chosen by least students?
6
10
Ans. _________
4 8 8 Q4. Which fruits were chosen by equal number of students?
6
2
3
Ans. _________
0
Apple Orange Banana Mango Kiwi Grapes

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Q3. Study the pie graph, then answer the following questions.
Favorite Cartoon Show of Grade 3 Students
Now, answer the following question :
Q1. Which is the most popular cartoon show among grade 3 students ?
Ans. ___________
Q2. Which is the least popular show?
Ans. ___________
Tom and Jerry, 25 Q3. Which is more popular Chota Bheem or Tom and Jerry?
Chota Bheem, 50 Ans. ___________
Scooby Doo!, 10
Q4. How many students like to watch Mr. Bean?
Ans. ___________
Mr Bean, 15

:: Example of Bar Graph & Line Graph ::

Bar Graph Vertical Bar Graph
Example : Example :
Different Trees Different Trees
in Orchard in Orchard
Number of Number of
Tress 30 35 25 20 15 30 35 25 20 15
Tress

Apple 40
35
Mango 30
Number of trees

25
Banana
20
Orange 15
10
Coconut
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Coconut Orange Banana Mango Apple
Number of trees

Vertical Line Graph

Example :
Different Trees
in Orchard
Number of
Tress 30 35 25 20 15

40
35
30
Number of trees

25
20
15
10
5
0 Coconut Orange Banana Mango Apple

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:: Exercise of Bar Graph ::
Q 1. A graph in the shape of a circle to show
relative sizes of data is called:
A) Pictograph
B) Histogram
C) Bar graph
D) Pie chart
E) None of these
Direc ons : Given bar graph represents the number of students
of different classes of a school who par cipated in a compe on.
The following graph is applied to Ques on no : 2,3,4.
Y
70
60
Num. of Students

50
40
30
20
10
0
Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V X
Class
Study the bar graph and answer the ques ons below:

Q.2 How many more students of class IV participated in the competition in comparison to class III?
A) 70 B) 50 C) 60 D) 40 E) None of these
Q.3 How many students of class II and class V altogether participated in the competition?
A) 70 B) 90 C) 80 D) 100 E) None of these
Q4. How many students in total, of all ve classes participated in the competition?
A) 190 B) 200 C) 220 D) 180 E) None of these
Direc ons : Given line graph represents the number of people
in a store since its opening l closing various mes of a day.
The following graph is applied to Ques on no : 5,6,7,8.
Y

40
35
Num. of people

30
25
20
15
10
5

0 9 am 10 am 11 am 12 pm 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm 4 pm X
Time

Study the line graph and answer the ques ons below:
Q.5 How many people were there in the store when it opened?
A) 20 B) 10 C) 15 D) 25 E) None of these
Q.6 How many people were there in the store when it closed?
A) 40 B) 35 C) 25 D) 20 E) None of these
Q.7 What was the busiest time of the day at the store?
A) 12 pm B) 1 pm C) 2 pm D) 10 am E) None of these
Q.8 How many people were there at the store between 1 pm to 2 pm?
A) 45 to 50 B) 25 to 30 C) 50 to 55 D) 35 to 40 E) None of these

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Q.9 Given pie chart represents the number of books on different subjects sold by a seller.
Of which two subjects, the books sold by the book seller were equal in number?
A) Social Science and Science
l
B) Science and English Science cia
So ence
Sci
C) English and Mathematics Hindi
D) Mathematics and Social Science
E) None of these Mathema cs
English

Given pictograph represent the different number of plants that were

planted by the students of school in a particular week.
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
One represents 15 plants
Q.10 What is the difference between maximum and minimum
number of plants that were planted on two days in the week?
A) 60
B) 75
C) 45
D) 30
E) None of these

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Chapter 4 :Time, Temperature, Weight and Capacity
How do you answer when your teacher ask "What is the time?" Surely
we go and look at the clock and tell them the answer. Yes it's pretty easy but
let's just understand the meaning of time and how to use and see time.

Can you guess

the time ?

Ÿ Time is an indenite continued progress of events in the past, present and future. It simply means that each and
every sequence of events which has happened, which is happening or which is going to happen the duration or
intervals thus created is time.
Ÿ It is measured in hours, minutes and seconds.
Ÿ The instrument used to measure time accurately and more precisely is clock as shown in the above gure.
Understanding Clock
Ÿ The clock is an instrument to measure time which is shown in hours, minutes and seconds.
Ÿ Hour, Minutes and Seconds are the units in which time is measured. For example 2 hour, 30 min and 12 seconds
is the measurement of time at that moment.
Ÿ The hour hand is the smallest and slowest in clock, then comes Second hand and then the largest is Minute hand.
Ÿ Time is represented as Hour : Minutes : Seconds
Example :- 04:32:45
Before we proceed further let's discuss and learn about some common thing which we are using from very long
time :
There are two types of clock
Ÿ 12 hour Format Clock : As the name suggest this clock shown time form 1 - 42. These are non-digital clock.
Ÿ 24 hour Format Clock : As the name suggest this clock shown time form 1 - 24. These are digital clocks.
Example - the clock present on our smart phone.

12 Hour 24 Hour
Format Clock Format Clock

Whenever we tell someone time we tell it along with a sufx and that sufx is sometime A.M. and
sometimes it's P.M. But if I ask you how many of you know the full name and can dene these tow terms ?
In a 12 hour clock the 24 hour time is divided into two periods 12 midnight to 12 noon and then 12 noon to
12 midnight and that's how it covers all the 24 hours.
A.M. : It stands for Ante Meridiem and it means before midday. Hence from 12 midnight to 12 noon we use A.M.
sufx after the time. Fro example we say its 9 am.
P.M. : It stands for Post Meridiem and it means past midday. Hence from 12 noon to 12 midnight we use P.M. sufx
after the time. Fro example we say its 4 pm.

Conversions
Ÿ 1 Hours = 60 Minutes
Ÿ 1 Minutes = 1/60 Hours
Ÿ 1 Minutes = 60 Seconds
Ÿ 1 Second = 1/60 Minutes

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Example 2:- Convert 4 hour, 30 minutes into seconds.
Solution :- As we know that 1 hour = 60 minutes
Therefore 4 hours = 60 × 4 = 240 minutes.
And hence the total minutes = 240 + 30 = 270 minutes
And as we know that 1 minutes = 60 seconds.
Therefore 270 minutes = 270 × 60 = 16,200 seconds.

Let us learn how to convert 12 hour clock to a 24 hour clock in some basics steps :

Ÿ Count from 1 - 12 on a clock.

Ÿ After 12 begin from 1 and start writing 13 below it.
Ÿ Do the same for 2 and write 14 below it.
Ÿ Similarly below 3 write 15 and so on and nally below 12 write 24.
Ÿ Now after 12 noon the as the clock will strike 1 pm we will say it as 13 hour and similarly for 2 we will say 14
hours and so on.

Hence we can create a table as :

12 hour Format 24 hour Format
1 pm 13 hour
2 pm 14 hour
5 pm 17 hour
8 pm 20 hour
11 am 11 hour
9 am 9 hour
Here we can notice that if time is in A.M. there is no difference between 12 hours and a 24 hour format
clock.
The difference arises only if time is in P.M.
Here another important point arises that the different is always 12 if we subtract the time in 24 hour clock to
12 hour clock. Look at the table carefully you will observe it.

Example 3:- Convert 9 : 45 : 12 P.M. in 24 hour format clock.

Solution :- While changing the clock format we only have to worry about the value of hour as rest values will
remain same.
So in 24 hour format 9 means 9 + 12 = 21 hour.
Therefore the time in 24 hour format clock will be 21 : 45 : 12.

Example 4:- Repeat the above example if the time given is in A.M.

Solution :- As we know that if time if given in A.M. it is same for both 12 hour and 24 hour clock format.
Hence the time will be 9 : 45 : 12 in 24 hour format clock.

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How much Time Is Left ?
Snaily need to be home at 5:45 P.M. She is
worried that she will be late, so she looks at
her watch several times.

Time, Distance, and Speed

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Winter Pleasure : Cold and Hot Temperature
n snowy places in the winter, many children make snowman. It can snow a lot in manali, leh, Manali Leh
kashmir. A typical temperature in manali in February is 32°F. Leh, kashmir, is even snowier
and colder. A typical temperature in leh in February is -4°F.

What temperature does the thermometer for manali show ? What temperature does the leh
thermometer show ?
Is the manali temperature on the thermometer higher or lower than manali's typical February
temperature ? How much higher or lower ?
Is the leh temperature on the thermometer higher or lower than it's typical February temperature ? How
much higher or lower ?

It is morning in leh. Write the me. What me will it be in 5 hours?

It is day me in manali. Suppose the temperature in manali increases 3°F an hour for the next 5 hours.
What will the temperature be in 5 hours? What will the me be?
A snowman will begin to melt when the temperature is 32°F or above. Will the snowman in manali begin
to melt in the next 5 hours? Explain.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Table and Formula

°F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C
0 -17.8 0 -12.2 0 -6.7 0 -1.1 0 4.4
1 -17.2 1 -11.7 1 -6.1 1 -0.6 1 5.0
2 -16.7 2 -11.1 2 -5.6 2 0.0 2 5.6
3 -16.1 3 -10.6 3 -5.0 3 0.6 3 6.1
4 -15.6 4 -10.0 4 -4.4 4 1.1 4 6.7
5 -15.0 5 -9.4 5 -3.9 5 1.7 5 7.2
6 -14.4 6 -8.9 6 -3.3 6 2.2 6 7.8
7 -13.9 7 -8.3 7 -2.8 7 2.8 7 8.3
8 -13.3 8 -7.8 8 -2.2 8 3.3 8 8.9
9 -12.8 9 -7.2 9 -1.7 9 3.9 9 9.4
°F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C
50 10.0 60 15.6 70 21.1 80 26.7 90 32.2
51 10.6 61 16.1 71 21.7 81 27.2 91 32.8
52 11.1 62 16.7 72 22.2 82 27.8 92 33.3
53 11.7 63 17.2 73 22.8 83 28.3 93 33.9
54 12.2 64 17.8 74 23.3 84 28.9 94 34.4
55 12.8 65 18.3 75 23.9 85 29.4 95 35.0
56 13.3 66 18.9 76 24.4 86 30.0 96 35.6
57 13.9 67 19.4 77 25.0 87 30.6 97 36.1
58 14.4 68 20.0 78 25.6 88 31.1 98 36.7
59 15.0 69 20.6 79 26.1 89 31.7 99 37.2
From Celsius to Fahrenheit: Water freezes at 0°C (32°F)
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 Water boils at 100°C (212°F)
From Fahrenheit to Celsius Normal human body temperature (Oral):
C = (F - 32) × 5/9 36.1 ~ 37.5°C (96.9 ~ 99.5°F) - May Vary

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Temperature Exercise
Write the temperature in the chosen units for each thermometer.
1. 2. 3. 4.
120 50 120 50 120 50 120 50
100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40
30 30 30 30
80 80 80 80
20 20 20 20
60 60 60 60
10 10 10 10
40 40 40 40
0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20
-10 -10 -10 -10
0 -20 0 -20 0 -20 0 -20
-20 -30 -20 -30 -20 -30 -20 -30
-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40
°F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C
°F °C °C °F

5. 6. 7. 8.
120 50 120 50 120 50 120 50
100 40 100 40 100 40 100 40
30 30 30 30
80 80 80 80
20 20 20 20
60 60 60 60
10 10 10 10
40 40 40 40
0 0 0 0
20 20 20 20
-10 -10 -10 -10
0 -20 0 -20 0 -20 0 -20
-20 -30 -20 -30 -20 -30 -20 -30
-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40
°F °C °F °C °F °C °F °C
°F °C °C °F

Answer the following questions

1. Which is colder 32°F or 0°C?
2. Water boils at .............. °C and freezes at.................. °F.
3. Choose the correct one:
(I) Snowman can be made at temperature 25°F or 25°C.

(ii) In winter, we take a cup of coffee at 85°C /85°F.

4. Liquid used in thermometers is called .............. .

5. Convert 194° F to the Celsius scale.
6. Convert 95° F to the Celsius scale.
7. Convert 80 °C to the Fahrenheit scale.
8. Convert 0 °C to the Fahrenheit scale.
9. Fill in the blanks:
(i) The freezing point of water is ………. .
(ii) The boiling point of water is ………. .
(iii) The normal temperature of a healthy human body is …….. .

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Comparing Capacity

Units for measuring

This diagram can help you nd how many
Capacity
litters, milliliters are in 1 litter.

100 ml 500 ml 1L
The largest letter, L, is 1 Litter. The liter is the
largest unit of the diagram. It helps you see that one L (litter) holds
more than one ml (milliliter).
How many milliliter does 1 litter hold? Count the milliliters

You can use the diagram to help Find the milliliter.

you write the same capacity in
different ways. Count the number of
ml (milliliter) inside the L (liter)
Follow these steps to show the Write the equal capacities.
number of milliliter in 1 liter.
1000 milliliter = 1 Liter

Exercise for counting capacity

How many ml are in 100 liter ? How many ml are in 1 liter ?

How many liter in 10000 ml ? Jil brought 40 ml of water

to the game. Brandon brought
16 ml. Who brought more
water? How do you know?
Quantity of liquid to measure 1 litre 500 ml 200 ml 100 ml 50 ml

(I) 950 ml of milk 1 2 1

(ii) 650 ml of water

(iii) 5 litres of petrol

(iv) 80 liters of petrol

(V) 10 litres of diesel

(vi) 5 l 100 ml of varnish

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Metric units of capacity: liters and milliliters
Note: 1 liter (L) = 1,000 milliliter (mL)
Convert litres to milliliters Convert milliliters to liters
1. 5 L = mL 2. 22 L = mL 11. 30,000 mL = L 12. 7,000 mL = L

3. 28 L = mL 4. 27 L = mL 13. 10,000 mL = L 14. 6,000 mL = L

5. 9 L = mL 6. 78 L = mL 15. 1,000 mL = L 16. 5,000 mL = L

7. 34 L = mL 8. 42 L = mL 17. 2,000 mL = L 18. 4,000 mL = L

9. 87 L = mL 10. 84 L = mL 19. 8,000 mL = L 20. 40,000 mL = L

Note: 1 liter (L) = 1,000 milliliter (mL)

Convert litres to milliliters Convert milliliters to liters
1. 15 L = mL 2. 54 L = mL 11. 600.0 mL = L 12. 20,000 mL = L

3. 3 L = mL 4. 2 L = mL 13. 1,000 mL = L 14. 4,000.0 mL = L

5. 5 L = mL 6. 0.83 L = mL 15. 70.00 mL = L 16. 400.00 mL = L

7. 0.7 L = mL 8. 4.4 L = mL 17. 10,000 mL = L 18. 300.00 mL = L

9. 92 L = mL 10. 0.46 L = mL 19. 3,000.0 mL = L 20. 5,000 mL = L

Milliliters and Liters

A liter (L) and a milliliter (mL) are two units for measuring capacity in the metric system.

This bottle holds 1 liter of water. A milliliter is about 20 drops of water.

1. Mr. Franklin lled a bucket with water to clean his oor. Does
his bucket probably hold 9 liters or 9 milliliters of water? ___________________________
2. A baker adds half of a teaspoon of vanilla to her cake recipe.
Did she use 2.5 L or 2.5 mL of vanilla? ___________________________
3. Chris bought a cup of hot chocolate. Does his cup probably
hold 400 liters or 400 milliliters of hot chocolate? ___________________________
4. Kaylee bought juice for her friends to drink at her birthday
party. Did she probably buy 5 L of juice or 5 mL? ___________________________
5. Miss Marge has a large sh tank in her ofce. Does her sh
tank hold 100 liters or 100 mL of water? ___________________________

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 Addition of Capacity
In addition of mass we will learn how to add the different units of mass or weight together. While adding we need to follow
that the units of mass i.e., kilogram and gram are converted into grams before addition and then follow the simple addition
process. We can add two or more units of mass given in kilogram and grams like ordinary numbers. Always express grams as
3-digit numbers for example 3 g = 003 g.
We will learn two different methods to solve addition using the standard unit and smaller unit of mass. Students can
practice both the methods.
(I) Adding units with conversion into milliliter
(ii) Adding units without conversion into milliliter
1. Add 7 L 350 ml and 2 L 150 ml
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram): We know, 1 Liter = 1000 ml. L = Liter, ml = milliliter. Now L and ml are converted
into milliliter before doing addition and then we need to follow the simple addition process.
7 L 350 ml = (7 × 1000) ml + 350 ml = 7000 ml + 350 ml = 7350 liter
2 L 150 ml = (2 × 1000) ml + 150 ml = 2000 ml + 150 ml = 2150 liter
Now sum,
1
7350 ml
Therefore, 7 L 350 ml + 2 L 150 ml = 9 L 500 ml
+2150 ml
9500 ml
= 9 L 500 ml
Method 2 (without conversion into ml): Here L and ml are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary
numbers.
L ml
1
7 350 Therefore, sum of 7 L 350 ml and 2 L 150 ml = 9 L 500 ml
+ 2 150
9 500
= 9 L 500 ml
2. Add 8 L 575 ml and 4 L 897 ml
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram): We know, 1 L = 1000 ml. Now L and ml are converted into grams before doing addition
and then we need to follow the simple addition process.
8 L 575 ml = (8 × 1000) ml + 575 ml = 8000 ml + 575 ml = 8575 ml, 4 L 897 ml = (4 × 1000) ml + 897 ml = 4000 ml + 897 ml = 4897
ml
Now sum,
11 1
8575 ml Therefore, 8 L 575 ml + 4 L 897 ml = 13 L 472 ml

+ 4897 ml
13472 ml
= 13 L 472 ml
Method 2 (without conversion into gram): Here L and ml are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
L ml
1 11
8 575
+ 4 897
Therefore, sum of 8 L 575 ml and 4 L 897 ml = 13 L 472 ml
13 472
= 13 L 472 ml
3. Add 17 L, 13 L 940 ml and 15 L 65 ml
Solution: Here L and ml are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers (without conversion into ml).
L ml
11 1
17 000 Therefore, sum of 17 L, 13 L 940 ml and 15 L65 ml = 46 L 005 ml
+ 13 940
15 065
46 065
= 46 L 005 ml

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4. Add 6 L 135 ml and 11 L 954 ml. 1
Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically.
First, add the grams. L ml
135 + 954 = 1089 ml = 1000 ml + 89 ml
Write 89 under grams column and carry over 1 L to 6 135
Liter column. Add the Liter. + 11
6 + 11 + 1 (carry over) = 18 L
954
Write 18 L under the liter column. 18 089
Hence, 6 L 135 ml + 11 L 954 ml = 18 L 89 ml.
I. Add the given weights:
(I) 23 L 084 ml + 16 L 214 ml
(ii) 32 ml 132 ml + 57 ml 265 ml
(iii) 34 L 000 ml + 19 L 075 ml
(iv) 44 L 725 ml + 15 L 200 ml
(v) 70 L 600 ml + 18 L 504 ml

Subtraction of Capacity
In subtraction of mass we will learn how to nd the difference between the units of mass or weight. While
subtracting we need to follow that the units of mass i.e., kilogram and gram are converted into grams before subtraction and
then follow the simple subtraction process.
We can subtract units of mass like ordinary numbers. We will learn two different methods to solve subtraction using
the standard unit and smaller unit of mass. Students can practice both the methods.
(I) Subtracting units with conversion into gram
(ii) Subtracting units without conversion into gram
1. Subtract 11 L 460 ml from 25 L 765 ml
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into ml):
We know, 1 L = 1000 milliliter, L = Liter, ml = milliliter
Now L and ml are converted into ml before doing subtraction and then we need to follow the simple subtraction process.
11 L 460 ml = (11 × 1000) ml + 460 ml = 11000 ml + 460 ml = 11460 milliliter
25 L 765 ml = (25 × 1000) ml + 765 ml = 25000 ml + 765 ml = 25765 milliliter
Now sum,
25765 ml
-11460 ml
14305 ml Therefore, 25 L 765 ml - 11 L 460 ml = 11 L 305 ml
= 14 L 305 ml
Method 2 (without conversion into ml):
Here L and ml are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
Follow the steps:
(i) L and ml are arranged in columns
(ii) 765 ml - 460 ml = 305 ml
(iii) 25 L - 11 L = 14 L
L ml
25 765
- 11 460 Therefore, difference of 11 L 460 ml from 25 L 765 ml = 14 L 305 ml
14 305
= 14 L 305 ml
2. Subtract 24 L 565 ml from 45 L 225 ml
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into ml):
We know, 1 L = 1000 ml
Now kg and g are converted into grams before doing subtraction and then we need to follow the simple subtraction process.
24 L565 ml = (24 × 1000) ml + 565 ml = 24000 ml + 565 ml = 24565 milliliter
45 L 225 ml = (45 × 1000) ml + 225 ml = 45000 ml + 225 ml = 45225 milliliter
Now sum,

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 45225 ml Therefore, 45 L 225 ml - 24 L 565 ml = 20 L 660 ml
-24565 ml
20660 ml
= 20 L 660 ml
Method 2 (without conversion into gram):
Here L and ml are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
Follow the steps:
(i) L and ml are arranged in columns
(ii) 225 ml < 565 ml, then 225 ml - 565 ml, so 1 L from 45 L is borrowed and added to 225 ml
1 L + 225 ml = 1000 ml + 225 ml = 1225 ml
1225 ml - 565 ml = 660 ml
(iii) 45 L reduce into 44 L
44 L - 24 L = 20 L
L ml
45 225 Therefore, difference of 24 L 565 ml from 45 L 225 ml = 20 L 660 ml
- 24 565
20 660
= 20 L 660 ml
3. Subtract 21 L 370 ml from 37 L 675 ml without conversion into ml.
Solution:
Here Liter and milliliter are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers (without
conversion into ml).
L ml
37 675
- 21 370 Therefore, difference of 21 L 370 ml from 37 L 675 ml = 16 L 305 ml
16 305
= 16 L 305 ml
4. Subtract 44 L 900 ml from 105 L 60 ml.
Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically.
First, subtract the grams.
As 900 ml > 60 ml, we cannot subtract.
We borrow 1 L from 105 ml. So, 105 L becomes 104 L and 60 ml becomes 1000 + 60 = 1060 ml.
Subtract 900 ml from 1060 ml.
1060 – 900 = 160
Write 160 under ml column.
Subtract kilograms. 104 – 44 = 60 L
Write 60 under Liter column.

The above problems on subtraction of mass will help the students to practice the worksheet on subtracting the
different units with conversion or without conversion.
1. Subtract the given weights:
(i) 76 L 142 ml – 24 L 031 ml
(ii) 90 ml 622 ml – 48 ml 503 ml
(iii) 62 L 579 ml – 51 L 560 ml
(iv) 60 L 222 ml – 34 L 083 ml
(v) 80 L 885 ml – 47 L 000 ml
(vi) 100 l 529 ml – 36 L 610 ml
(vii) 27 l 021 ml – 9 L 300 ml
(viii) 321 L 450 ml – 50 L 290 ml
(ix) 560 L 000 ml – 110 L 850 ml

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Estimating Weight

We use standard units to measure weight. The standard unit for measuring weight are
grams(g) and kilogram(kg). The milligram is a part of it, but generally it is not used in our
daily routine.

We use these measurements depending on how light or heavy the object is. For
weighing light objects we use gram and for weighing heavier objects we use kilogram. This
maths chapter – Measurement of Weight is important for students studying in class 3. Lets
begin. Let's see relation between gram (g) and kilogram (kg).
1000 milligram (mg) = 1 gram (g)
1000 gram (g) = 1 kilogram (kg)
In other words, we can say, 1 kg = 1000 g
Conversion of weight Fact :-
Let's learn how to convert kilogram (kg) into gram (g). Did you know ! These are
We know that 1 kg = 1000 gm. where we use milligrams
Ÿ A small feather
(1) To convert kilogram into gram, multiply kilogram by 1000.
Ÿ The lead of a pencil
(2) To convert kilogram and gram into gram, Ÿ A fraction of a
multiply kilogram by 1000 and add the grams. Ÿ Raindrop
Ÿ A dose of medication
Examples :- Ÿ A piece of gold
Ÿ Vitamins and minerals
Convert 6 kg into grams
1 kg = 1000 g
Therefore, 6 kg = 6 x 1000 = 6000 g
-: Weight Measuring Tool :-
6 kg = 6000 gm
Convert 8 kg 750 g into grams
1 kg = 1000 g
8 kg = 8 x 1000 g = 8000 g 500 g 5 Kg 10 Kg
8 kg 750 g = 8000 g + 750 g = 8750 g
Note: 1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (gm)

Convert kilograms to grams and grams to kilograms

1. 16 kg = g 2. 6 kg = g 11. 20,000 g = kg

3. 8 kg = g 4. 2 kg = g 12. 80,000 g = kg

5. 4 kg = g 6. 50 kg = g 13. 40,000 g = kg

7. 83 kg = g 8. 99 kg = g 14. 30,000 g = kg

9. 69 kg = g 10. 7 kg = g 15. 50,000 g = kg

1. Jason purchased 7 kg 200 g of sugar, 9 kg 395 g of rice. What is the total weight
which Jason carried?

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 Addition of Mass
In addition of mass we will learn how to add the different units of mass or weight together. While adding we need to follow
that the units of mass i.e., kilogram and gram are converted into grams before addition and then follow the simple addition
process. We can add two or more units of mass given in kilogram and grams like ordinary numbers. Always express grams as
3-digit numbers for example 3 g = 003 g.
We will learn two different methods to solve addition using the standard unit and smaller unit of mass. Students can
practice both the methods.
(I) Adding units with conversion into gram
(ii) Adding units without conversion into gram
1. Add 7 kg 350 g and 2 kg 150 g
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram): We know, 1 kg = 1000 grams. Now kg and g are converted into grams before doing
addition and then we need to follow the simple addition process.
7 kg 350 g = (7 × 1000) g + 350 g = 7000 g + 350 g = 7350 grams
2 kg 150 g = (2 × 1000) g + 150 g = 2000 g + 150 g = 2150 grams
Now sum,
1
7350 g
Therefore, 7 kg 350 g + 2 kg 150 g = 9 kg 500 g
+ 2150 g
9500 g
= 9 kg 500 g
Method 2 (without conversion into gram): Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary
numbers.
kg g
1
7 350 Therefore, sum of 7 kg 350 g and 2 kg 150 g = 9 kg 500 g
+ 2 150
9 500
= 9 kg 500 g
2. Add 8 kg 575 g and 4 kg 897 g
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram): We know, 1 kg = 1000 grams. Now kg and g are converted into grams before doing
addition and then we need to follow the simple addition process.
8 kg 575 g = (8 × 1000) g + 575 g = 8000 g + 575 g = 8575 grams, 4 kg 897 g = (4 × 1000) g + 897 g = 4000 g + 897 g = 4897 grams
Now sum,
11 1
8575 g Therefore, 8 kg 575 g + 4 kg 897 g = 13 kg 472 g

+ 4897 g
13472 g
= 13 kg 472 g
Method 2 (without conversion into gram): Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
kg g
1 11
8 575
+ 4 897 Therefore, sum of 8 kg 575 g and 4 kg 897 g = 13 kg 472 g
13 472
= 13 kg 472 g
3. Add 17 kg, 13 kg 940 g and 15 kg 65 g
Solution: Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers (without conversion into gram).
kg g
11 1
17 000 Therefore, sum of 17 kg, 13 kg 940 g and 15 kg 65 g = 46 kg 005 g
+ 13 940
15 065
46 065
= 46 kg 005 g

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4. Add 6 kg 135 g and 11 kg 954 g. 1
Solution:Arrange the numbers vertically.
First, add the grams. kg g
135 + 954 = 1089 g = 1000 g + 89 g
Write 89 under grams column and carry over 1 kg to 6 135
kilograms column. Add the kilograms. + 11
6 + 11 + 1 (carry over) = 18 kg
954
Write 18 kg under the kilograms column. 18 089
Hence, 6 kg 135 g + 11 kg 954 g = 18 kg 89 g.
I. Add the given weights:
(I) 23 kg 084 g + 16 kg 214 g
(ii) 32 g 132 mg + 57 g 265 mg
(iii) 34 kg 000 g + 19 kg 075 g
(iv) 44 kg 725 g + 15 kg 200 g
(v) 70 kg 600 g + 18 kg 504 g

Subtraction of Mass
In subtraction of mass we will learn how to nd the difference between the units of mass or weight. While
subtracting we need to follow that the units of mass i.e., kilogram and gram are converted into grams before subtraction and
then follow the simple subtraction process.
We can subtract units of mass like ordinary numbers. We will learn two different methods to solve subtraction using
the standard unit and smaller unit of mass. Students can practice both the methods.
(I) Subtracting units with conversion into gram
(ii) Subtracting units without conversion into gram
1. Subtract 11 kg 460 g from 25 kg 765 g
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram):
We know, 1 kg = 1000 grams
Now kg and g are converted into grams before doing subtraction and then we need to follow the simple subtraction process.
11 kg 460 g = (11 × 1000) g + 460 g = 11000 g + 460 g = 11460 grams
25 kg 765 g = (25 × 1000) g + 765 g = 25000 g + 765 g = 25765 grams
Now sum,
25765 g
-11460 g
14305 g Therefore, 25 kg 765 g - 11 kg 460 g = 11 kg 305 g
= 14 kg 305 g
Method 2 (without conversion into gram):
Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
Follow the steps:
(i) kg and g are arranged in columns
(ii) 765 g - 460 g = 305 g
(iii) 25 kg - 11 kg = 14 kg
kg g
25 765
- 11 460 Therefore, difference of 11 kg 460 g from 25 kg 765 g = 14 kg 305 g
14 305
= 14 kg 305 g
2. Subtract 24 kg 565 g from 45 kg 225 g
Solution:
Method 1 (with conversion into gram):
We know, 1 kg = 1000 grams
Now kg and g are converted into grams before doing subtraction and then we need to follow the simple subtraction process.
24 kg 565 g = (24 × 1000) g + 565 g = 24000 g + 565 g = 24565 grams
45 kg 225 g = (45 × 1000) g + 225 g = 45000 g + 225 g = 45225 grams
Now sum,

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 45225 g
-24565 g Therefore, 45 kg 225 g - 24 kg 565 g = 20 kg 660 g
20660 g
= 20 kg 660 g
Method 2 (without conversion into gram):
Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers.
Follow the steps:
(i) kg and g are arranged in columns
(ii) 225 g < 565 g, then 225 g - 565 g, so 1 kg from 45 kg is borrowed and added to 225 g
1 kg + 225 g = 1000 g + 225 g = 1225 g
1225 g - 565 g = 660 ml
(iii) 45 kg reduce into 44 kg
44 kg - 24 kg = 20 kg
kg g
45 225 Therefore, difference of 24 kg 565 g from 45 kg 225 g = 20 kg 660 g
- 24 565
20 660
= 20 kg 660 g
3. Subtract 21 kg 370 g from 37 kg 675 g without conversion into gram.
Solution:
Here kg and g are arranged in different columns and then added like ordinary numbers (without conversion into
gram).
kg g
37 675
- 21 370 Therefore, difference of 21 kg 370 g from 37 kg 675 g = 16 kg 305 g
16 305
= 16 kg 305 g
4. Subtract 44 kg 900 g from 105 kg 60 g.
Solution:Arrange the numbers vertically.
First, subtract the grams.
As 900 g > 60 g, we cannot subtract.
We borrow 1 kg from 105 kg. So, 105 kg becomes 104 kg and 60 grams becomes 1000 + 60 = 1060 g.
Subtract 900 g from 1060 g.
1060 – 900 = 160
Write 160 under grams column.
Subtract kilograms. 104 – 44 = 60 kg
Write 60 under kilograms column.

The above problems on subtraction of mass will help the students to practice the worksheet on subtracting the
different units with conversion or without conversion.
1. Subtract the given weights:
(i) 76 kg 142 g – 24 kg 031 g
(ii) 90 g 622 mg – 48 g 503 mg
(iii) 62 kg 579 g – 51 kg 560 g
(iv) 60 g 222 mg – 34 g 083 mg
(v) 80 kg 885 g – 47 kg 000 g
(vi) 100 kg 529 g – 36 kg 610 g
(vii) 27 g 021 mg – 9 g 300 mg
(viii) 321 kg 450 g – 50 kg 290 g
(ix) 560 kg 000 g – 110 kg 850 g

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2. Rachel bought 8 kg 400 g tomatoes, 2 kg 130 g brinjal and 7 kg 300 g watermelon
from the green grocer. How many kilograms of fruits and vegetables did she buy?
3. A rickshaw-puller is carrying two persons weighting 52 kg 250 g and 37 kg 700 g.
What is the total weight of the two persons carried by the rickshaw-puller?
4. The total weight of Tania’s bag is 45 kg 750 g and Diana’s bag is 43 kg 950 g. Whose
bag is heavier and by how much?
5. A truck was loaded with 352 kg 100 g of pumpkins and 207 kg 432 g of watermelons.
Find the total weight carried by the truck.
6. Weight of a pile of English newspaper is 16 kg 270 g and that of French newspaper is
18 kg 227 g. If both the piles are tied together, what will be the total weight of the
bundle?
7. A shopkeeper sold 67 kg 626 g of wheat on Saturday and 125 kg 200 g of wheat on
Sunday. Find the total weight of wheat sold on both the days.
8. A grocer puts apples and plums together on the weighing machine. The total weight
shown on the machine is 8 kg. If the weight of the plums is 2 kg 700 g, then what is the
weight of the apples?
9. Jasmine purchased 7 kg 302 g of rice and Melissa purchased 3 kg 598 g more. What
quantity of rice did Jasmine and Melissa purchase?
10. The weight of a chocolate carton is 20 kg. Each carton has 10 packets. Each packet
has 25 chocolates. How many chocolates are there? Find the weight of each
chocolate presuming that weight of carton and packets is negligible.
11. Brian sold 123 kg 231 g of newspapers and 200 kg of magazines. Find the total
quantity of articles sold.
12. Ron takes care of deer and wild bulls in the zoo. The deer weighs 182 kg 290 g and a
wild bull weighs 753 kg 380 g. Answer the given questions.
(I) If the both the animals stand on a weighing machine together what will be the total
weight shown on the machine?
(ii) By how much is a bull heavier than deer?
(iii) If a deer eats 15 kg 250 g grass in a week. How much grass will be eaten by a deer in 42
days?13. Aaron weight 49 kg 357 g and Ron weights 32 kg 458 g. Who weighs less and
by how much?
14. If the total weight of 24 bulls having same weight is 487200 kg. What is the weight of
each bull?
15. Father bought 10 kg 750 g of fruits (mangoes and apples). He had 6 kg 860 g of
mangoes. What is the weight of apples?

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16. Nina bought 5 kg of fruits. On the way home, she ate 750 g of fruits. How much fruit
did she take back home?
17. Nancy brought a cake weighing 5 kg 675 g. Approximately 2 kg 395 g of cake is
distributed among the children. What quantity of cake is left?
18. Rita weighs 13 kg 250 g. Her elder brother is three times heavier than Rita. What is her
brother’s weight?
19. Mother purchased 9 kg 357 g of sweets and snacks for the occasion. Out of which 6
kg 458 g were consumed. What quantity of sweets and snacks were left? Mary
weighs 63 kg 59 g and Alex weighs 59 kg 36 g. Who weighs less and by how much?
24. Kellie’s weight is 55 kg 330 g. The doctor says that according to her height, her weight
should be 62 kg. How much weight should she gain?
25. How much heavier is the toffee packet which has mass 1 kg 845 g in comparison to
500 g of chocolates?

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