 B.

amber

 The word "electron" is derived from the Greek word "ēlektron," which means "amber." This is
because the earliest observations of static electricity involved rubbing amber and noticing it
would attract small objects.

 A. 620V

 The voltage mentioned (215V) is the RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage, commonly used for AC
(alternating current) outlets. The peak-to-peak voltage is calculated as twice the peak voltage.
The formula is: Peak Voltage=RMS Voltage×2=215×1.414≈304.5V\text{Peak Voltage} = \text{RMS
Voltage} \times \sqrt{2} = 215 \times 1.414 \approx 304.5VPeak Voltage=RMS Voltage×2
=215×1.414≈304.5V The peak-to-peak voltage is:
2×304.5V=609V(approximately 620V, rounded up)2 \times 304.5V = 609V \quad (\
text{approximately 620V, rounded up})2×304.5V=609V(approximately 620V, rounded up)

 B. Hydroelectric power

 MERALCO gets its electrical supply from hydroelectric power, which is generated by harnessing
the energy from falling water (e.g., waterfalls). This is a form of renewable energy.

 B. AM (Amplitude Modulation)

 AM is a type of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied according to the
information signal. In this case, the strength (amplitude) of the signal carries the information.

 C. The voltage is added

 When batteries are connected in series, their voltages are added together, but the current
remains the same as one individual battery. For example, if two 1.5V batteries are connected in
series, the total voltage would be 3V.

 A. negative to positive

 The actual flow of current (conventional current) is from the positive to the negative terminal,
but electrons (which make up the current) move in the opposite direction, from negative to
positive.

 C. 1.5 volt and 2.5 amperes

 When batteries are connected in parallel, the voltage remains the same as one individual battery
(1.5V), but the current is the sum of the currents of the individual batteries. So, with 10 batteries
each providing 0.25A, the total current will be: 0.25A×10=2.5A0.25A \times 10 =
2.5A0.25A×10=2.5A

 C. Power

 The rate of electrical consumption is called power and is measured in watts (W). It is defined as
the amount of energy consumed per unit of time.

 A. 3.2 kΩ +5%
  The resistor code "3k2 J" represents a resistance of 3.2 kΩ with a tolerance of ±5%. The "J"
indicates a tolerance of 5%.

 D. Henry

 The unit of inductance is the Henry (H). It is used to measure the ability of an inductor to resist
changes in current.

 D. Carbon composition resistor

 Carbon composition resistors are the type of resistors that typically use a color code to indicate
their resistance value. The color bands on these resistors help determine their resistance.

 D. Current

 An inductor opposes sudden changes in current. It resists the change in the current flowing
through it by generating a back electromotive force (EMF).

 B. Parallel

 A circuit with two or more paths for electrons is called a parallel circuit. In parallel circuits, each
component is connected across the same two points, allowing multiple paths for the current.

 A. Rheostat resistor

 Rheostat resistors are variable resistors used to adjust current flow in a circuit. They are not
typically represented by a color code, unlike carbon composition resistors.

 A. Amperes

 The unit of electric current is amperes (A). An ammeter is used to measure current.

 D. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

 A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) has a high resistance in the dark and a low resistance when
exposed to light. It is used in light-sensing applications.

 A. Linear

 Linear resistors follow Ohm’s law, meaning their resistance remains constant regardless of the
voltage applied. Non-linear resistors change resistance with applied voltage.

 A. 220 MΩ + 10%

 "220M K" indicates a 220 MΩ resistor with a tolerance of ±10%. The "M" represents mega
(million ohms), and "K" is the tolerance code.

 A. Capacitor

 A capacitor is an electronic device used to store electric charges. It consists of two conductors
separated by an insulating material.

 D. Identified electrons
  Sir Joseph John Thomson discovered the electron in 1897, for which he is best known. He
demonstrated that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles, later named
electrons.

 C. Ohmmeter

 An ohmmeter is used to measure electrical resistance in a circuit. It shows the resistance in

 C. Nikola Tesla

 Nikola Tesla developed the polyphase alternating current (AC) system, which is the basis of
modern electrical power distribution.

 B. Lead and Tin

 Solder is a mixture of lead and tin. It is used to join electrical components together, especially in
circuit boards.

 A. Samuel Morse

 Samuel Morse is the inventor of the Morse code and the system of telegraphy using
electromagnets for sending messages over long distances.

 D. Etching

 In PCB (Printed Circuit Board) manufacturing, the process of removing copper foil to create the
circuit pattern is called etching.

 A. Fixed resistor

 The symbol shown represents a fixed resistor, which is a component used to limit current in a
circuit.

 B. 50 Hz

 Standard AC in many countries operates at a frequency of 50 Hz (50 cycles per second). In the
U.S., it's typically 60 Hz, but in many other places, it's 50 Hz.

 B. Polarized Capacitor

 The symbol shown represents a polarized capacitor, which is designed to have polarity (positive
and negative connections). These are often used in DC circuits.

 B. Woofer

 A woofer is a type of speaker designed for producing low-frequency sounds, often used in audio
systems to handle bass frequencies.

 C. Base, Collector, Emitter

 A transistor has three terminals: Base, Collector, and Emitter. These terminals control the flow
of current through the transistor.
 B. Short circuit

 If the leads of a battery are directly connected from positive to negative, it results in a short
circuit. This can cause damage or heating in the wires or the battery.

 D. Ground

 The symbol represents ground (a reference point in an electrical circuit, often serving as a
common return path for electric current).

 A. 1.7V

 A typical red LED has a voltage drop of about 1.7V when operating. LEDs require a minimum
voltage to conduct electricity.

 A. Higher

 When resistors are connected in series, their resistances are added together, resulting in a
higher total resistance.

 B.

 The symbol that looks like an NPN transistor is represented by the arrow pointing out of the
base, indicating the direction of conventional current (from the emitter to the base).

 B. 0.047µF

 The capacitor code "473" indicates a capacitance of 47 × 10³ pF, which is 0.047µF (microfarads).

 C. 24 kΩ+10%

 The resistor color code Red, Yellow, Orange, Silver corresponds to a value of 24 kΩ with a
tolerance of ±10%.

 C. 5KΩ

 When two 10KΩ resistors are connected in parallel, the total resistance is halved. The formula
for parallel resistance is: 1Rtotal=1R1+1R2⇒15KΩ\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \
frac{1}{R_2} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{1}{5KΩ}Rtotal1=R11+R21⇒5KΩ1

 B. Resistor

 A potentiometer is a type of variable resistor that allows adjusting the resistance value. It’s
often used to control voltage in a circuit.

 A. Orange

 In the resistor color code, orange represents a multiplier of 10³, or 1,000.

 A. + 10%

 A resistor with a last color band of orange indicates a tolerance of ±10%.

 A. Transistor
  A transistor can act as a switch, controlling the flow of current based on input signals.

 D. Silver

 The fourth band in a resistor with a tolerance of +20% would be silver, which represents a
tolerance of ±20%.

 C. 8.6 Ω

 The color code White, Blue, Silver, Silver corresponds to 8.6 Ω, with a tolerance of ±10%.

 B. Emitter

 In a transistor, the arrow represents the emitter terminal, which shows the direction of current
flow in the transistor.

 D. 250v

 A fuse marked 250V, 6.5A is rated for a voltage of 250V and will protect circuits with up to that
voltage.

 C. 1 mA

 Using Ohm’s Law, the current through a 10KΩ resistor with a 10V supply is:
I=VR=10V10KΩ=0.001A=1mAI = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{10V}{10KΩ} = 0.001A = 1mAI=RV=10KΩ10V
=0.001A=1mA

 A. Series

 In a series circuit, the total resistance increases as resistors are added together, giving the
highest resistance.

 A. increase

 When capacitors are connected in parallel, their total capacitance increases, as the capacitance
adds together.

 D. Schottky

 The symbol represents a Schottky diode, known for its low forward voltage drop and fast
switching speed.