Experiment No.
AIM: To Study and implement Linux commands
THEORY:
The Linux command is a utility of the Linux operating system. The commands are executed
on the Linux terminal. The terminal is a command-line interface to interact with the system,
which is similar to the command prompt in the Windows OS. Commands in Linux are case-
sensitive.
Linux terminal is a user-friendly terminal as it provides various support options. To open the
Linux terminal, press "CTRL + ALT + T" keys together, and execute a command by
pressing the 'ENTER' key.
Linux Directory Commands
1. pwd Command
The pwd
command is used to display the location of the current working directory.
Syntax:
pwd
Output:
2. mkdir Command
The mkdir command is used to create a new directory under any directory.
mkdir <directory name>
Output:
3. rmdir Command
The rmdir command is used to delete a directory.
Syntax:
rmdir <directory name>
Output:
4. ls Command
The ls command is used to display a list of content of a directory.
Syntax:
ls
Output:
5. cd Command
The cd command is used to change the current directory.
Syntax:
cd <directory name>
Output:
Linux File Commands
1. touch Command
The touch command is used to create empty files. We can create multiple empty files by
executing it once.
Syntax:
touch <file name>
touch <file1> <file2> ....
Output:
2. cat Command
The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be used to create a
file, display content of the file, copy the content of one file to another file, and more.
Syntax:
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..
To create a file, execute it as follows:
cat > <file name>
// Enter file content
Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file, execute it as
follows:
cat <file name>
Output:
3. rm Command
The rm command is used to remove a file.
Syntax:
rm <file name>
Output:
4. cp Command
The cp command is used to copy a file or directory.
Syntax:
To copy in the same directory:
cp <existing file name> <new file name>
To copy in a different directory:
Output:
5. mv Command
The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form one location to another location.
Syntax:
mv <file name> <directory path>
Output:
Linux File Content Commands
1. touch Command
The touch command is used to create empty files. We can create multiple empty files by
executing it once.
Syntax:
touch <file name>
touch <file1> <file2> ....
Output:
2. cat Command
The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be used to create a
file, display content of the file, copy the content of one file to another file, and more.
Syntax:
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..
To create a file, execute it as follows:
cat > <file name>
// Enter file content
Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file, execute it as
follows:
cat <file name>
Output:
Linux User Commands
1. su Command
The su command provides administrative access to another user. In other words, it allows
access of the Linux shell to another user.
Syntax:
su <user name>
Output:
2. id Command
The id command is used to display the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID).
Syntax:
id
Output:
Linux Filter Commands
1. cat Command
The cat command is also used as a filter. To filter a file, it is used inside pipes.
Syntax:
cat <fileName> | cat or tac | cat or tac |. . .
Output:
2. cut Command
The cut command is used to select a specific column of a file. The '-d' option is used as a
delimiter, and it can be a space (' '), a slash (/), a hyphen (-), or anything else. And, the '-f'
option is used to specify a column number.
Syntax:
cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber) <fileName>
Output:
Linux Utility Commands
1. find Command
The find command is used to find a particular file within a directory. It also supports various
options to find a file such as byname, by type, by date, and more.
The following symbols are used after the find command:
(.) : For current directory name
(/) : For root
Syntax:
find . -name "*.pdf"
Output:
2. locate Command
The locate command is used to search a file by file name. It is quite similar to find command;
the difference is that it is a background process. It searches the file in the database, whereas
the find command searches in the file system. It is faster than the find command. To find the
file with the locates command, keep your database updated.
Syntax:
locate <file name>
Output:
3. date Command
The date command is used to display date, time, time zone, and more.
Syntax:
date
Output:
Linux Networking Command
1. ip Command
Linux ip command is an updated version of the ipconfig command. It is used to assign an IP
address, initialize an interface, disable an interface.
Syntax:
ip a or ip addr
Output:
2. ssh Command
Linux ssh command is used to create a remote connection through the ssh protocol.
Syntax:
ssh user_name@host(IP/Domain_name)</p>
3. mail Command
The mail command is used to send emails from the command line.
Syntax:
mail -s "Subject" <recipient address>
Output:
4. ping Command
The ping command is used to check the connectivity between two nodes, that is whether the
server is connected. It is a short form of "Packet Internet Groper."
Syntax:
ping <destination>
Output:
5. host Command
The host command is used to display the IP address for a given domain name and vice versa.
It performs the DNS lookups for the DNS Query.
Syntax:
host <domain name> or <ip address>
Output:
CONCLUSION: In this way we have Studied and implement Linux commands.
