AASL logarithms [178 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 8] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.6

(a) [3]

Markscheme

attempting to use the change of base rule M1

log 3 (cos 2x+2)

log 9 (cos 2x + 2) =
log 9
A1
3

=
1

2
log 3 (cos 2x + 2) A1

= log 3 √ cos 2x + 2 AG

[3 marks]

(b) [5]

Markscheme

log 3 (2 sin x) = log 3 √ cos 2x + 2

2 sin x = √ cos 2x + 2 M1

x = cos 2x + 2 (or equivalent) A1

2
4 sin

use of cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin

2
x (M1)

2
6 sin x = 3

sin x = (±)
1
A1
√2

π
x =
4
A1
π
Note: Award A0 if solutions other than x =
4
are included.
 [5 marks]

2. [Maximum mark: 5] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.2

[5]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics

senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the
new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared
to formal exam papers.

METHOD 1

2 ln x − ln 9 = 4

uses m ln x = ln x
m
(M1)

2
ln x − ln 9 = 4

uses ln a − ln b = ln
a

b
(M1)
2
x
ln = 4
9

A1
x 4
= e
9

x
2
= 9e
4
⇒ x = √ 9e
4
(x > 0) A1

x = 3e
2
(p = 3, q = 2) A1

METHOD 2

expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses ln x

m
= m ln x (M1)
 2 ln x = 2 ln 3 + 4 ln e (ln x = ln 3 + 2 ln e) A1

uses 2 ln e = ln e
2
and ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)

ln x = ln (3e )
2
A1

x = 3e
2
(p = 3, q = 2) A1

METHOD 3

expresses 4 as 4 ln e and uses m ln x = ln x

m
(M1)

A1
2 2 4
ln x = ln 3 + ln e

uses ln a + ln b = ln ab (M1)

2 2 4
ln x = ln (3 e )

x
2
= 3
2
e
4
⇒ x = √3 2 e 4 (x > 0) A1

so x = 3e
2
(x > 0) (p = 3, q = 2) A1

[5 marks]

3. [Maximum mark: 5] 24M.1.SL.TZ1.3

(a) [2]

Markscheme

log 10 1 − log 10 a OR log 10 a

−1
= − log 10 a OR log 10 10
−
3

OR 10
x
=
1
1
(A1)
10 3

1
= −
3
A1
 [2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

1
log a 3
√
OR OR OR
10 1
log 1000 10 log 1000 1000 3
log 10 1000 3
1 x
10 3
= 1000 (= (10 ) )
x 3
(A1)

1 1
log a

3
10
OR 1

3
log 1000 1000 3
OR log 1000 1000 9
OR 3x =
1

(A1)

=
1

9
A1

[3 marks]

4. [Maximum mark: 16] 24M.1.SL.TZ2.9

(a) [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find a difference (M1)

d = p − a, 2d = q − a, d = q − p OR
p = a + d, q = a + 2d, q = p + d

correct equation A1

a+q
p − a = q − p OR q − a = 2(p − a) OR p =
2
(or
equivalent)

2p − q = a AG
 [2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find a ratio (M1)

OR
s 2 t t 2
r = , r = , r = s = ar, t = ar , t = sr
a a s

correct equation A1

2
OR (or equivalent)
s t s t
( ) = =
a a a s

s
2
= at AG

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

2p − 1 = s
2
(or equivalent) A1

(s
2
> 0) ⇒ 2p − 1 > 0 OR s = √2p − 1 ⇒ 2p − 1 > 0 OR
2

(and s 2 > 0) R1
s +1
p =
2

OR

2p − 1 = a and s A1
2
= a

(s 2 > 0, so) a > 0 ⇒ 2p − 1 > 0 OR p

a+1

2
and a > 0 R1

⇒ p >
1

2
AG
 Note: Do not award A0R1.

[2 marks]

(d)
(d.i) [2]

Markscheme

9, 5, 1, −3 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each of 2nd term and 4th term

[2 marks]

(d.ii) [2]

Markscheme

9, 3, 1,
1

3
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each of 2nd term and 4th term

[2 marks]

(e.i) [3]

Markscheme

attempt to find the difference between two consecutive terms (M1)

 d = u 2 − u 1 = 5 + ln 3 − 9 − ln 9 OR
d = u 3 − u 2 = 1 + ln 1 − 5 − ln 3

ln 9 = 2 ln 3 OR ln 1 = 0 OR
= − ln 3) (seen anywhere) (A1)
1 −1
ln 3 − ln 9 = ln (= ln 3
3

d = −4 − ln 3 A1

[3 marks]

(e.ii) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to substitute first term and their common difference into S 10

(M1)

10

2
(2(9 + ln 9) + 9(−4 − ln 3)) OR
10
(2(9 + 2 ln 3) + 9(−4 − ln 3)) (or equivalent) A1
2

= 5(−18 − 5 ln 3) (or equivalent in terms of ln 3) A1

10

Σ u i = −90 − 25 ln 3 AG
i=1

METHOD 2

u 10 = 9 + ln 9 + 9(−4 − ln 3)(= −27 + ln 9 − 9 ln 3)

attempt to substitute first term and their u 10 into S 10 (M1)

10

2
(2(9 + ln 9) + 9(−4 − ln 3)) OR
10

2
(9 + ln 9 − 27 + ln 9 − 9 ln 3) OR
 10

2
(2(9 + 2 ln 3) + 9(−4 − ln 3)) OR
10
(9 + ln 9 − 27 − 7 ln 3) (or equivalent) A1
2

= 5(−18 − 5 ln 3) (or equivalent in terms of ln 3) A1

10

Σ u i = −90 − 25 ln 3 AG
i=1

[3 marks]

5. [Maximum mark: 12] 24M.2.SL.TZ1.7

(a) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to interchange x and y M1

Note: This M1 may be awarded at any stage in the working.

attempt to rearrange using definition of natural log or take the natural log
of both sides M1

2x 2x

3
= e
y−2
⇒ ln (
3
) = y − 2 OR
3 3
x =
2
e
y−2
⇒ ln (x) = ln (
2
) + y − 2 A1

2x
y = 2 + ln ( )
3

2x
so f −1 (x) = 2 + ln (
3
) AG
 METHOD 2

attempt to verify that (f ∘ f

−1
)(x) = x M1

2x 2x
−1 3 ln ( )+2−2 3 ln ( )
(f ∘ f )(x) = e 3
(= e 3
)
2 2

attempt to use definition of natural log M1

(f ∘ f
−1
)(x) =
3

2
×
2x

3
A1

(f ∘ f
−1
)(x) = x AG

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

(0. 264456 … , 0. 264456 …) AND

(2. 51799 … , 2. 51799 …) (A1)

Note: Award A1 for 0. 264456 … and 2. 51799 … seen.

attempt to put their values in distance formula or use of the isosceles right-
angled triangle (M1)

2 2
√ (2. 51799 … − 0. 264456 …) + (2. 51799 … − 0. 264456 …)

OR

√ 2 × (2. 51799 … − 0. 264456 …)

= 3. 18689 …

= 3. 19 A1
 [3 marks]

(c)
(c.i) [2]

Markscheme

3
g(x) = −
2
e
x−2
+ 5 OR g(x) = −f (x) + 5 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct term.

[2 marks]

(c.ii) [1]

Markscheme

0 ≤ x ≤ 4 A1

[1 mark]

(d) [3]

Markscheme

2
e
x−2
= −
3

2
e
x−2
+ 5 OR f (x) = −f (x) + 5

attempt to collect together terms in e x−2 or f (x) (M1)

3e
x−2
OR 2f (x) = 5

e
x−2
=
5

3
OR x = f
−1
(
5

2
) (A1)

5
x = 2 + ln (
3
) A1
 5
(a = 2, b = )
3

Note: Award A1 for each correct term given in exact form.

[3 marks]

6. [Maximum mark: 6] 24M.2.SL.TZ2.4

(a) [1]

Markscheme

1
) (units) A1
−6
I = 2 × 10 (=
500 000

[1 mark]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

substitutes their doubled I -value from part (a) into L (M1)

−6 12
L = 10 log 10 (2 × 10 × 10 ) (= 63. 0102 …)

= 63. 0 (decibels) A1

Note: Accept 60 + 10 log 10 2 (decibels) as a final answer.

Do not award the final A1 for L = 0 (from I = 10

−12
).

[2 marks]

(c) [3]
 Markscheme

12
115 = 10 log 10 (I × 10 ) (A1)

attempts to solve for I (M1)

11.5
10
I = 12
(or equivalent) (= 0. 316227 …)
10

I = 0. 316 (units) A1

Note: Accept exact final answers such as 10 −0.5 and 1

.
√ 10

[3 marks]

7. [Maximum mark: 15] 23N.1.SL.TZ1.8

(a) [1]

Markscheme

x = 0 A1

[1 mark]

(b.i) [4]

Markscheme

setting ln (2x − 7) = 2 ln x − ln d M1

attempt to use power rule (M1)

2 ln x = ln x
2
( seen anywhere )
 attempt to use product/quotient rule for logs (M1)
2 2

OR ln = ln d OR
x x
ln (2x − 7) = ln
d 2x−7
2
ln (2x − 7)d = ln x

2 2

= 2x − 7 OR = d OR (2x − 7) = x A1
x x 2
d 2x−7

x
2
− 2dx + 7d = 0 AG

[4 marks]

(b.ii) [3]

Markscheme

2
discriminant = (−2d) − 4 × 7d (A1)

recognizing discriminant > 0 (M1)

2
− 4 × 7d > 0 OR 4d A1
2
(2d) − 28d > 0

d
2
− 7d > 0 AG

[3 marks]

(b.iii) [2]

Markscheme

setting d(d − 7) > 0 OR d(d − 7) = 0 OR sketch graph OR sign test

OR d 2
> 7d (M1)

d < 0 or d > 7, but d +

∈ R

d > 7 (or ] 7, ∞[) A1

 [2 marks]

(c) [5]

Markscheme

x
2
− 20x + 70 (= 0) A1

attempting to solve their 3 term quadratic equation (M1)

2
20±√ (−20) −4×1×70
2
((x − 10) − 30 = 0) or ((x =) )
2

x = 10 − √ 30(= p) or x = 10 + √ 30(= q) (A1)

subtracting their values of x (M1)

distance = 2√ 30 (or √ 120) A1

(a = 2, b = 30) (or a = 1, b = 120)

[5 marks]

8. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.5

[6]

Markscheme

recognition of quadratic in e x (M1)

2
+ ln k(= 0) OR A
x x 2
(e ) − 3e − 3A + ln k(= 0)

recognizing discriminant ≥ 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)

 2
(−3) − 4(1)(ln k) OR 9 − 4 ln k (A1)

9
ln k ≤
4
(A1)

e
9/4
(seen anywhere) A1

A1
9/4
0 < k ≤ e

[6 marks]

9. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.5

[6]

Markscheme

c
x
A = ∫ 2
dx
x +2
0

EITHER

attempts to integrate by inspection or substitution using u = x

2
+ 2 or

u = x
2
(M1)

Note: If candidate simply states u = x

2
+ 2 or u = x
2
, but does not
attempt to integrate, do not award the (M1).

Note: If candidate does not explicitly state the u-substitution, award the (M1)
only for expressions of the form k ln u or k ln(u + 2).
 2 2
c +2 c c
OR OR A1
1 1 1 2
[ ln u] [ ln (u + 2)] [ ln (x + 2)]
2 2 2 0 2 0

Note: Limits may be seen in the substitution step.

OR

attempts to integrate by inspection (M1)

Note: Award the (M1) only for expressions of the form k ln (x

2
+ 2).

c
1
[
2
ln (x
2
+ 2)]
0
A1

Note: Limits may be seen in the substitution step.

THEN

correctly substitutes their limits into their integrated expression (M1)

2
(ln (c
2
+ 2) − ln 2) (= ln 3) OR
1 2 1
ln (c + 2) − ln 2 (= ln 3)
2 2

correctly applies at least one log law to their expression (M1)

2
1 c +2

2
ln(
2
) (= ln 3) OR 2
ln √ c + 2 − ln √ 2 (= ln 3) OR
2
c +2
ln( ) = ln 9
2
 2
c +2
OR ln (c
2
+ 2) − ln 2 − ln 9 OR ln √
2
(= ln 3) OR

2
c +2
ln √ (= ln 3)
√2

Note: Condone the absence of ln 3 up to this stage.

2 2

OR A1
c +2 c +2
= 9 √ = 3
2 2

2
c = 16

c = 4 A1

Note: Award A0 for c = ±4 as a final answer.

[6 marks]

10. [Maximum mark: 15] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.8

(a.i) [2]

Markscheme

valid approach to find the required logarithm (M1)

2
x
=
16
1
OR 2
x
= 2
−4
OR 1

16
= 2
−4
OR log 2 1 − log 2 16

1
log 2
16
= −4 A1
 [2 marks]

(a.ii) [2]

Markscheme

valid approach to find the required logarithm (M1)

1
log 3 3
9
x
= 3 OR 3
2x
= 3 OR 3 = 9 2
OR log 3 9

log 9 3 =
1

2
A1

[2 marks]

(a.iii) [3]

Markscheme

x
log 3 81
(√ 3) = 81 OR (A1)
log 3 √ 3

OR OR (A1)
4 x 4
2
(3) = 3 = 4 1
2
2

x = 8 A1

[3 marks]

(b.i) [4]

Markscheme
Note: There are many valid approaches to the question, and the steps may
be seen in different ways. Some possible methods are given here, but
candidates may use a combination of one or more of these methods.

In all methods, the final A mark is awarded for working which leads directly
to the AG.

METHOD 1

3
(ab) = a (A1)

attempt to isolate b or a power of b (M1)

correct working (A1)

2
OR OR OR
a 3 −2 −1 3 1
b = 3 2
b = a b = (ab) b = 2
a b a

−2
OR OR OR
1
b = 2 2
b = (ab) 3 log ab b = −2 log ab a
a b

− log ab b = 2 log ab ab A1

log ab b = −2 AG

METHOD 2

3
(ab) = a (A1)

taking logarithm to base ab on both sides (M1)

3
log ab (ab) = log ab a OR log ab a b
3 3
= log ab a

correct application of log rules leading to equation in terms of log ab

(A1)

3 log ab a + 3 log ab b = log ab a OR 3 log ab b = −2 log ab a

OR log ab b
3
= log ab a
−2
 2

OR OR
− 2
log ab b = log ab a 3 log ab b = − log ab a
3

log ab b = −
2

3
(3) A1

log ab b = −2 AG

Note: Candidates may substitute log ab a = 3 at any point in their

working.

METHOD 3

log ab a = 3

writing in terms of base a (M1)

log a
a
(= 3)
log a ab

correct application of log rules (A1)

log a

log a a+log a b
a
(= 3) OR 1+log a b
1
(= 3) OR 3 log a b = −2 OR
2
log a b = −
3

writing log ab b in terms of base a (A1)

log b
a
log ab b =
log a a+log a b

correct working A1
2 2
− (− )
log ab b =
3
2
OR 1
3

1− ( )
3 3

log ab b = −2 AG

METHOD 4

log ab ab = 1 A2
 log ab a + log ab b = 1 (A1)

3 + log ab b = 1 A1

log ab b = −2 AG

[4 marks]

(b.ii) [4]

Markscheme

applying the quotient rule or product rule for logs

3
√a
log ab
3
= log ab √ a − log ab √ b OR
√b
3
√a
log ab
3
= log ab √a + log ab
1
(A1)
√b √b

correct working (A1)

1 1
=
3
log ab a −
2
log ab b OR log ab ab − log ab √ b

1 1
=
3
⋅ 3 −
2
(−2) (A1)

= 2 A1

Note: Award A1A0A0A1 for a correct answer with no working.

[4 marks]

11. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.5

 [5]

Markscheme

evidence of using product rule (M1)

dy kx kx kx
= (2x − 1) × (ke ) + 2 × e (= e (2kx − k + 2))
dx

A1

correct working for one of (seen anywhere) A1

dy

dx
at x = 1 ⇒ ke
k
+ 2e
k

OR

slope of tangent is 5e k

dy
their dx at x = 1 equals the slope of y = 5e x (= 5e ) (seen
k k

anywhere) (M1)

k k k
ke + 2e = 5e

k = 3 A1

[5 marks]

12. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.2

(a) [1]

Markscheme

1
3√ x−5
= 3 − 5x
−
2 A1
√x
 1
p = −
2

[1 mark]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

1
3√x−5
∫ d x = 3x − 10x 2
(+c) A1A1
√x

substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)

1 1

3(9) − 10(9) 2
− (3(1) − 10(1) 2
) OR
27 − 10 × 3 − (3 − 10)

= 4 A1

[4 marks]

13. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.8

(a.i) [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to use a ratio from consecutive terms M1

1
p ln x ln x
1 1

ln x
=
3

p ln x
OR 3
ln x = (ln x)r
2
OR p ln x = ln x(
3p
)
 1

Note: Candidates may use ln x 1 + ln x

p
+ ln x 3 … and consider the

powers of x in geometric sequence

1
p
Award M1 for 1
=
3

p
.

OR

1
r = p and r
2
=
3
M1

THEN

p
2
=
1

3
OR r = ±
1
A1
√3

p = ±
1
AG
√3

Note: Award M0A0 for r 2 =

1

3
or p 2 =
1

3
with no other working seen.

[2 marks]

(a.ii) [3]

Markscheme

ln x
1
(= 3 + √ 3) (A1)
1−
√3

3 √3
ln x = 3 − + √3 − OR
√3 √3

ln x = 3 − √ 3 + √ 3 − 1 (⇒ ln x = 2) A1
 x = e
2
A1

[3 marks]

(b.i) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to find a difference from consecutive terms or from u 2 M1

correct equation A1

p ln x − ln x =
1

3
ln x − p ln x OR
1
ln x = ln x + 2(p ln x − ln x)
3

Note: Candidates may use ln x 1 + ln x p + ln x 3

+ … and consider

the powers of x in arithmetic sequence.

Award M1A1 for p − 1 =

1

3
− p

2p ln x =
4

3
ln x (⇒ 2p =
4

3
) A1

p =
2

3
AG

METHOD 2

u 1 +u 3
attempt to use arithmetic mean u 2 =
2
M1
1
ln x+ ln x
p ln x =
2
3
A1
 2p ln x =
4

3
ln x (⇒ 2p =
4

3
) A1

p =
2

3
AG

METHOD 3

attempt to find difference using u 3 M1

1 1
ln x = ln x + 2d (⇒ d = − ln x)
3 3

u 2 = ln x +
1

2
(
1

3
ln x − ln x) OR p ln x − ln x = −
1

3
ln x

A1

2
p ln x =
3
ln x A1

2
p =
3
AG

[3 marks]

(b.ii) [1]

Markscheme

1
d = −
3
ln x A1

[1 mark]

(b.iii) [6]

Markscheme
METHOD 1

n 1
Sn = [2 ln x + (n − 1) × (− ln x)]
2 3

attempt to substitute into S n and equate to −3 ln x (M1)

n 1
[2 ln x + (n − 1) × (− ln x)] = −3 ln x
2 3

correct working with S n (seen anywhere) (A1)

n n 1 n(n−1)

2
[2 ln x −
3
ln x +
3
ln x] OR n ln x −
6
ln x OR
n 4−n
(ln x + ( ) ln x)
2 3

correct equation without ln x A1

n 7 n n(n−1)

2
(
3
−
3
) = −3 OR n −
6
= −3 or equivalent

Note: Award as above if the series 1 + p + 1

3
+ … is considered

leading to n

2
(
7

3
−
n

3
) = −3.

attempt to form a quadratic = 0 (M1)

2
n − 7n − 18 = 0

attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)

(n − 9)(n + 2) = 0

n = 9 A1

METHOD 2

listing the first 7 terms of the sequence (A1)

2 1 1 2
ln x + ln x + ln x + 0 − ln x − ln x − ln x + …
3 3 3 3
 recognizing first 7 terms sum to 0 M1

8
th term is − 4
ln x (A1)
3

9
th term is − 5
ln x (A1)
3

sum of 8th and 9th term = −3 ln x (A1)

n = 9 A1

[6 marks]

14. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.8

(a.i) [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to use a ratio from consecutive terms M1

1
p ln x ln x

ln x
=
3

p ln x
OR 1

3
ln x = (ln x)r
2
OR p ln x = ln x(
1

3p
)

Note: Candidates may use ln x 1 + ln x

p
+ ln x 3 … and consider the

powers of x in geometric sequence

1
p
Award M1 for 1
=
3

p
.

OR

1
r = p and r
2
=
3
M1
 THEN

p
2
=
1

3
OR r = ±
1
A1
√3

1
p = ± AG
√3

Note: Award M0A0 for r 2 =

1

3
or p 2 =
1

3
with no other working seen.

[2 marks]

(a.ii) [3]

Markscheme

ln x
1
(= 3 + √ 3) (A1)
1−
√3

√3
ln x = 3 −
3
+ √3 − OR
√3 √3

ln x = 3 − √ 3 + √ 3 − 1 (⇒ ln x = 2) A1

x = e
2
A1

[3 marks]

(b.i) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
attempt to find a difference from consecutive terms or from u 2 M1

correct equation A1

p ln x − ln x =
1

3
ln x − p ln x OR
1
ln x = ln x + 2(p ln x − ln x)
3

Note: Candidates may use ln x 1 + ln x p + ln x 3

+ … and consider

the powers of x in arithmetic sequence.

Award M1A1 for p − 1 =

1

3
− p

2p ln x =
4

3
ln x (⇒ 2p =
4

3
) A1

p =
2

3
AG

METHOD 2

u 1 +u 3
attempt to use arithmetic mean u 2 =
2
M1

1
ln x+ ln x
p ln x =
2
3
A1

4 4
2p ln x =
3
ln x (⇒ 2p =
3
) A1

2
p =
3
AG

METHOD 3

attempt to find difference using u 3 M1

1 1
ln x = ln x + 2d (⇒ d = − ln x)
3 3
 u 2 = ln x +
1

2
(
1

3
ln x − ln x) OR p ln x − ln x = −
1

3
ln x

A1

p ln x =
2

3
ln x A1

2
p =
3
AG

[3 marks]

(b.ii) [1]

Markscheme

1
d = −
3
ln x A1

[1 mark]

(b.iii) [6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

n 1
Sn = [2 ln x + (n − 1) × (− ln x)]
2 3

attempt to substitute into S n and equate to −3 ln x (M1)

n 1
[2 ln x + (n − 1) × (− ln x)] = −3 ln x
2 3

correct working with S n (seen anywhere) (A1)

n n 1 n(n−1)

2
[2 ln x −
3
ln x +
3
ln x] OR n ln x −
6
ln x OR
n 4−n
(ln x + ( ) ln x)
2 3
correct equation without ln x A1

n 7 n n(n−1)

2
(
3
−
3
) = −3 OR n −
6
= −3 or equivalent

1
Note: Award as above if the series 1 + p + 3
+ … is considered
n 7 n
leading to 2
(
3
−
3
) = −3.

attempt to form a quadratic = 0 (M1)

2
n − 7n − 18 = 0

attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)

(n − 9)(n + 2) = 0

n = 9 A1

METHOD 2

listing the first 7 terms of the sequence (A1)

2 1 1 2
ln x + ln x + ln x + 0 − ln x − ln x − ln x + …
3 3 3 3

recognizing first 7 terms sum to 0 M1

8
th term is − 4
ln x (A1)
3

9
th term is − 5
ln x (A1)
3

sum of 8th and 9th term = −3 ln x (A1)

n = 9 A1

[6 marks]
15. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.8
(a) [5]

Markscheme

x−4
1
+ 1 = x − 3 (M1)

2
x
2
− 8x + 15 = 0 OR (x − 4) = 1 (A1)

valid attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)

2
8±√ 8 −4(1)(15)
(x − 3)(x − 5) = 0 OR x =
2(1)
OR (x − 4) = ±1

x = 5 (x = 3, x = 5) (may be seen in answer) A1

B(5, 2) (accept x = 5, y = 2) A1

[5 marks]

(b) [10]

Markscheme

recognizing two correct regions from x = 3 to x = 5 and from x = 5 to

x = k (R1)

k 5 k

triangle + ∫ f (x) d x OR ∫ g(x) d x + ∫ f (x) d x OR

5 3 5
5 k
1
∫ (x − 3) d x + ∫ ( + 1) d x
x−4
3 5

2 2
2⋅2 5 3
area of triangle is 2 OR 2
OR (
2
− 3(5)) − (
2
− 3(3))

(A1)
 correct integration (A1)(A1)

1
∫( + 1) d x = ln(x − 4) + x (+C)
x−4

Note: Award A1 for ln(x − 4) and A1 for x.

Note: The first three A marks may be awarded independently of the R mark.

substitution of their limits (for x) into their integrated function (in terms of
x) (M1)

ln(k − 4) + k − (ln 1 + 5)

k
[ln(x − 4) + x]
5
= ln(k − 4) + k − 5 A1

adding their two areas (in terms of k) and equating to ln p + 8 (M1)

2 + ln(k − 4) + k − 5 = ln p + 8

equating their non-log terms to 8 (equation must be in terms of k) (M1)

k − 3 = 8

k = 11 A1

11 − 4 = p

p = 7 A1

[10 marks]

16. [Maximum mark: 15] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.8

(a) [2]
 Markscheme

OR (M1)
2
f( ) = 4 a 3 = 4
3

3
3

a = 4 2 OR a = (2 )
2 2
OR a
2
= 64 OR 3
√a = 2 A1

a = 8 AG

[2 marks]

(b) [1]

Markscheme

f
−1
(x) = log 8 x A1

Note: Accept f −1 (x) = log a x.

Accept any equivalent expression for f −1 e.g. f −1 (x) .

ln x
=
ln 8

[1 mark]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

correct substitution (A1)

1

log 8 √ 32 OR 8
x
= 32 2

correct working involving log/index law (A1)

 5

OR OR OR OR
1 5 1
log 8 32 log 8 2 log 8 2 = log 2 2 2
2 2 3
5
5

OR OR
ln 2 2 3x
log 2 8 = 3 3
2 = 2 2
ln 2

5
f
−1
(√ 32) =
6
A1

[3 marks]

(d.i) [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

equating a pair of differences (M1)

u 2 − u 1 = u 4 − u 3 (= u 3 − u 2 )

log 8 p − log 8 27 = log 8 125 − log 8 q

log 8 125 − log 8 q = log 8 q − log 8 p

p 125 125 q
log 8 (
27
) = log 8 (
q
), log 8 (
q
) = log 8 (
p
) A1A1

p q

27
=
125

q
and 125

q
=
p
A1

27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG

Note: If candidate assumes the sequence is geometric, award no marks

5
for part (i). If r =
3
has been found, this will be awarded marks in part (ii).

METHOD 2

expressing a pair of consecutive terms, in terms of d (M1)

 × 27 and q = 8 OR × 27 and
d 2d 2d
p = 8 × 27 q = 8
3d
125 = 8 × 27

two correct pairs of consecutive terms, in terms of d A1

d 2d 3d

(must include 3 ratios) A1

8 ×27 8 ×27 8 ×27
= d
= 2d
27 8 ×27 8 ×27

all simplify to 8 d A1

27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG

[4 marks]

(d.ii) [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 (geometric, finding r)

3
u4 = u1 r
3
OR 125 = 27(r) (M1)

r =
5

3
(seen anywhere) A1

p = 27r OR 125

q
=
5

3
(M1)

p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

METHOD 2 (arithmetic)

u 4 = u 1 + 3d OR log 8 125 = log 8 27 + 3d (M1)

5
d = log 8 (
3
) (seen anywhere) A1
 log 8 p = log 8 27 + log 8 (
5

3
) OR
log 8 q = log 8 27 + 2 log 8 (
5

3
) (M1)

p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

METHOD 3 (geometric using proportion)

recognizing proportion (M1)

pq = 125 × 27 OR q
2
= 125p OR p
2
= 27q

two correct proportion equations A1

attempt to eliminate either p or q (M1)

q
2
= 125 ×
125×27

q
OR p
2
= 27 ×
125×27

p = 45, q = 75 A1A1

[5 marks]

17. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10

(a) [2]

Markscheme

B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0)) A2 N2

[2 marks]

(b) [5]
Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may work with the equation of the line
before finding a.

FINDING a

valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)

0
g (0) = a, p + q = a

a = q + 1 (A1)

FINDING THE EQUATION OF L 1

EITHER

attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of

straight line (M1)

eg y − 0 = f
′
(a) (x − a), y = f
′
(a) (x − (q + 1))

correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)

eg y − 0 =
1
(x − a)
ln(p)

OR

attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b

eg 0 =
1

ln(p)
(a) + b

−a
b =
ln(p)
(A1)
 THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

1 1 q+1
y =
ln p
(x − q − 1), y =
ln p
x −
ln p
A1 N3

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 =

ln p
1
(x − q − 1)

[5 marks]

(c) [7]

Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding
a value for p.

FINDING p

valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)

eg m 1 m 2 = −1, −
1
1
, − ln (
1

3
), −
1

ln p
=
1
1
ln( /3)
1
ln( /3)

correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln(
1

3
) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))

correct equation (seen anywhere) A1

eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3

FINDING q
correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L 2 equation (A1)

eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1

q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1

FINDING L 1

correct substitution of their p and q into their L 1 (A1)

1
eg y =
ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)

A1 N2
1 1 2 ln 3−2
y = (x − 2 ln 3 + 2), y = x −
ln 3 ln 3 ln 3

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form

1
L1 = (x − 2 ln 3 + 2).
ln 3

[7 marks]

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