STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BIHAR

Scheme of Teaching and Examination for

IVth SEMESTER DIPLOMA IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND MACHINE LEARNING
(Effective form Session 2022-23 Batch)
THEORY
TEACHING
EXAMINATION SCHEME
SCHEME
Teacher’s

Credits
Class
SUBJECT End Semester Pass
S.No SUBJECTS Hours Assessmen Test Total Pass
CODE Periods per Exam. (ESE) Marks
of t (TA) (CT) Marks Marks
week Marks in the
Exam Marks Marks (A+B+C) ESE
(C) Subject
(A) (B)
Mathematics (Probability 2044401
1. and Statistics) 03 03 10 20 70 100 28 40 03

2044402
2. Operating System 04 03 10 20 70 100 28 40 03

Introduction to 2044403
3. 03 03 10 20 70 100 28 40 03
Machine Learning
Introduction to 2044404
4. 03 03 10 20 70 100 28 40 03
Artificial Intelligence
2044405
5. Software engineering 04 03 10 20 70 100 28 40 03

Total : 17 350 500 15

PRACTICAL
TEACHING
EXAMINATION SCHEME
SCHEME
SUBJECT Practical (ESE)
S.No SUBJECTS Hours
CODE Periods per Total Marks Pass Marks in the
of Internal External Credits
week (PA+ESE) Subject
Exam (PA) (ESE)
2044406 04
6. Operating system (UNIX/ 50% Physical 03 15 35 50 20 02
LINUX) Lab 50% Virtual
2044407 04
7. Machine learning Lab 50% Physical 03 15 35 50 20 02
50% Virtual
2044408 04
Software
8. 50% Physical 03 15 35 50 20 02
engineering lab 50% Virtual
Total: 12 150 06

TERM WORK
TEACHING
EXAMINATION SCHEME
SCHEME
SUBJECT
S.No SUBJECTS Marks of Pass
CODE Marks of External
Periods per Internal Total Marks Marks in
Examiner Credits
week Examiner (PA+ESE) the
(ESE)
(PA) Subject
2044409
9. Minor Project I 02 15 35 50 20 01

Internship-I 2044410
10. (4 weeks) 10 30 40 16 01

11. 2044411 02 10 -- 10 04 01
Environmental
science
Total:- 04 100 03

Total Periods per week of each duration One Hour = 33 Total Marks:750 24
 MATHEMATICS (PROBABILTY AND STATISTICS)
Theory No. of period in one session: 42 Credits
SUBJECT
CODE: No. of Periods per Week Full : 100
Marks:
03
2044401 L T P/S ESE : 70
03 - - T. A : 10
C.T : 20

Course objectives:
This course should help the students understand the basic mathematical background of AI. Also, the students
should be able to apply statistics and probability to analyse various datasets.

Course outcomes: After completion of course, students would be able to:

1. To understand the mathematical background of AI.
2. Use statistical methods to analyze and collect data.
3. Use probability and statistics to analyze data.
4. Use and apply hypothesis testing on different datasets.

CONTENTS: THEORY

Unit Name of Topics Hrs/week

Unit-I Equations, Functions and Graphs
Introduction to linear equations, Intercepts and slopes, System of equations,
08
Exponentials, radicals and logarithms, Polynomials, Polynomial operations,
Factorizations, Introduction to quadratic equations, Functions
Unit-II Derivatives and Optimizations 08
Rate of change, Introduction to limits, Continuity, finding limits, Differentiability,
Derivative rules and operations, using derivatives to analyse functions, Second
order derivatives, Optimization functions, Multivariate differentiation
Unit-III Vectors and Matrices 08
Introduction to vectors, Vector addition, vector multiplication, Introduction to
matrices, matric multiplication, properties of matrices, types of matrices, Matrix division,
solving system of equations with matrices, Matrix transformations, Eigen values and eigen
vectors, rank of matrix
Unit-IV Probability
Basic rules and axioms events, sample space, dependent and independent events,
conditional probability, Random variables- continuous and discrete, expectation, 10
variance, distributions- joint and conditional, Bayes’ Theorem, Popular
distributions- binomial, Bernoulli, poisson, exponential, Gaussian
Unit-V Statistics
Fundamentals of Data: Collection, Summarization, and Visualization; Sampling
and Sampling Distributions, Central Limit Theorem; Methods of Estimation,
Unbiased estimators; Confidence Interval Estimation: Z-interval, t-interval; 08
Hypothesis Testing, Types of Errors, Rejection Region Approach and p-value
Approach.

Reference Books:
1. Basic Mechanical Engineering – M.P. Poonia & S.C. Sharma, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi
2. Elements of Mechanical Engineering – M. L. Mathur, F. S. Mehta and R. P. Tiwari, Jain Brothers, New Delhi
3. Engineering Heat Transfer – Gupta & Prakash, Nem Chand & Brothers, New Delhi
4. Workshop Technology (Vol. 1 and 2) – B. S. Raghuvanshi, Dhanpath Rai and Sons, New Delhi.
5. Basic Mechanical Engineering – J Benjamin
6. Elements of Mechanical Engineering – Roy and Choudhary
7. Engineering Thermodynamics – Spalding and Cole
 OPERATING SYSTEM
Theory No. of period in one session: 45 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 100
SUBJECT CODE:
L T P/S ESE : 70
2044402 03
04 - - T. A : 10
C.T : 20

Course Learning Objective:

The course provides the students with an understanding of human computer interface existing in
computer system and the basic concepts of operating system and its working. Further, good
working knowledge to work in Windows and Unix environments is provided by this course.
Course Outcomes:

The objectives of this course are to make the students able to

1. To teach the requirement of Operating System in Computers.
2. Explain Windows Operating System and to make familiar with special features of
Windows Operating System.
3. Understand multi-user Operating System Unix Operating System and Unix
FileStructure.

Contents: Theory Hrs.

Introduction to operating system:
An Introduction to O.S & its services, Evolution of O.S,
Unit – 1 various types of O.S, Batch Processing, Multiprogramming,
Multiprocessing, Multitasking, Operation system structure. [5]
Concepts of: Process – files – system calls – Interrupt – shell.
Introduction to Unix, Shell commands.

Process Management:
[4]
Unit – 2 An Introduction to process, process state & Transition,
Process control Block, Process Context, Context switch.
Process Scheduling:
(Pre-emptive & Non-pre-emptive Algorithms), FCFS (First
Come First Served) Algorithm, Shortest Job First, Priority
Scheduling, Round Robin Scheduling.
Unit – 3 Performance criteria of scheduling Algorithm, CPU [06]
utilization, throughput, Turnaround time, waiting time,
Response time.
Overview of: Inter-process communication – Race condition
critical section, Semaphores.
 Deadlock:
Introduction to Deadlock, Necessary condition for Dead- [08]
Unit – 4 lock, Method for Handling Deadlock, Brief overview of
Deadlock prevention, Deadlock Avoidance (Banker’s
Algorithm), Deadlock Detection & Recovery.
Memory Management:
Introduction to Memory management, Contiguous allocation,
Fixed Partition, Dynamic partition, Non-contiguous
Unit – 5 [10]
allocation – paging, segmentation.
Introduction to Virtual-memory management – Demand paging,
Cop-on-write, page replacement, Allocation of frames,
Thrashing.
Files and protection:
Introduction to file systems – File system design, Access methods
Unit – 6 [06]
– sequential, Direct, Swapping, File allocation methods
OS-security: Authentication, Access control, Access Rights,
System logs, Protection.

NPTEL/SWAYAM Course (if any):

S. No. Course Name Instructor Host Institute

1. Operating System Fundamentals Prof.Santanu IIT Kharagpur
Chattopadhyay
2. Operating System Prof. Sorav Bansal IIT Delhi

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Operating system, Galvin & Silberschatz, 7th Edition, John Willey 2004
2. Operating Systems-A Concept Based Approach, Dhamdhare, TMH 2006
3. Operating System Concepts, Ekta Walia, Khanna Book Publishing 2020.
4. Operating systems Internals and design principles By William Stallings, Pearson Education,
2012
5. Operating Systems –A Design Oriented Approach, Crowley, TMH, 2001
 INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING
Theory No. of period in one session: 42 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 100
SUBJECT CODE:
L T P/S ESE : 70
2044403 03
03 - - T. A : 10
C.T : 20

Course Learning Objective:

The students will understand the basics of Machine Learning. They will also learn and will be able to
apply different machine learning models to various datasets.

Course Outcomes:

The objectives of this course are to make the students able to

1. Understand basic applications and issues of Machine Learning
2. Understand the different types of datasets
3. Analyze and work with different datasets
4. Analyze various Machine Learning techniques and algorithms
5. Apply various algorithms to different datasets.

Contents: Theory Hrs.

Introduction

Introduction and definition of Machine Learning,

Unit – 1 Introduction of Networks, Datasets and their handle,
Feature sets, Dataset division: test, train and validation sets, [08]
cross validation.

Basics of machine learning

[08]
Unit – 2 Applications of Machine Learning, processes involved in
Machine Learning, Introduction to Machine Learning
Techniques: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning
and Reinforcement Learning, Real life examples of Machine
Learning.

Supervised learning

Classification and Regression: K-Nearest Neighbor, Linear

Regression, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine
Unit – 3 (SVM), Evaluation Measures: SSE, MME, R2, confusion [08]
matrix, precision, recall, F-Score, ROC-Curve.
 Unsupervised learning

Introduction to clustering, Types of Clustering: Hierarchical, [8]

Unit – 4
Agglomerative Clustering and Divisive clustering;
Partitional Clustering - K-means clustering.

Miscellaneous

Dimensionality reduction techniques: PCA, LDA, ICA.

Unit – 5 Introduction to Deep Learning, Gaussian Mixture Models, [10]
Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision.

NPTEL/SWAYAM Course (if any):

S. No. NPTEL Course Name Instructor Host Institute

1. Introduction to Machine Learning Prof. Balaraman IIT Madras
Ravindran
2. Machine Learning Prof. Carl Gustaf KTH, The Royal
Jansson Institute of
Technology

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Introduction to Machine Learning, By Jeeva Jose, Khanna Book Publishing Co., 2020.
2. Machine Learning for Dummies, By John Paul Mueller and Luca Massaron, For Dummies,
2016.
3. Machine Learning, By Rajeev Chopra, Khanna Book Publishing Co., 2021.
4. Machine Learning: The New AI, By Ethem Alpaydin, The MIT Press, 2016.
5. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.
6. https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-machine-learning--ud120
7. https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning-duke
 INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE
Theory No. of period in one session: 42 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 100
SUBJECT CODE:
L T P/S ESE : 70
2044404 03
03 - - T. A : 10
C.T : 20

Course Learning Objective:

Students will learn the basic concepts and techniques of Artificial Intelligence. They should be able
to develop AI algorithms for solving practical problems.

Course Outcomes:
The objectives of this course are to make the students able to
1. Understand the basic concepts and techniques of Artificial Intelligence.
2. Apply AI algorithms for solving practical problems
3. Describe human intelligence and AI
4. Explain how intelligent system works.
5. Apply basics of Fuzzy logic and neural networks.
6. Explain Expert System and implementation

Contents: Theory Hrs.

Introduction
Artificial Intelligence and its applications, Artificial
Intelligence Techniques, Level of models, criteria of success,
Unit – 1 Intelligent Agents, Nature of Agents, Learning Agents. AI
[10]
Techniques, advantages, and limitations of AI, Impact and
Examples of AI, Application domains of AI. The AI Ladder
- The Journey for Adopting AI Successfully, Advice for a
career in AI, Hotbeds of AI Innovation.
: Problem solving techniques
State space search, control strategies, heuristic search, [08]
Unit – 2 problem characteristics, production system characteristics.,
Generate and test, Hill climbing, best first search, A* search,
Constraint satisfaction problem, Mean-end analysis, Min-
Max Search, Alpha-Beta Pruning, Additional refinements,
Iterative Deepening.

Logic
Propositional logic, predicate logic, Resolution,
Unit – 3 Resolution in proportional logic and predicate logic, [06]
Clause form, unification algorithm,
 Knowledge Representation schemes and reasoning
Mapping between facts and representations, Approaches to
[10]
Unit – 4 knowledge representation, procedural vs declarative
knowledge, Forward vs. Backward reasoning, Matching,
conflict resolution, Non- monotonic reasoning, Default
reasoning, statistical reasoning, fuzzy logic Weak and Strong
filler structures, semantic nets, frame, conceptual
dependency, scripts

Planning
The Planning problem, planning with state space search,
Unit – 5 partial order planning, planning graphs, planning with [08]
propositional logic, Analysis of planning approaches,
Hierarchical planning, conditional planning, Continuous and
Multi Agent planning.

NPTEL/SWAYAM Courses

S. No. NPTEL Course Name Instructor Host Institute

1. An Introduction to Artificial Prof. Mausam IIT Delhi
Intelligence
2. Artificial Intelligence Prof. Sudeshna IIT Kharagpur
Sarkar

TextBooks/Suggested References:

1. A Classical Approach to Artificial Intelligence, M.C. Trivedi, Khanna Book Publishing,

2019.
2. Artificial Intelligence: A modern approach by Stuart Russel, Pearson Education, 2010.
3. Artificial Intelligence by Rich and Knight, The McGraw Hill, 2017.
4. Artificial Intelligence: A new synthesis by Nils and Nilson, Elsevier, 1997.
5. Artificial Intelligence by Luger, Pearson Education, 2002.
6. Artificial Intelligence by Padhy, Oxford Press, 2005.
7. https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-ai
8. https://www.udemy.com/course/artificial-intelligence-az/
 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Theory No. of period in one session: 42 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 100
SUBJECT CODE:
L T P/S ESE : 70
2044405 03
04 - - T. A : 10
C.T : 20

Course Learning Objective:

Students should learn the concept and importance of Software Engineering. They should be able to
construct software that is reasonably easy to understand, modify, maintain and reliable. They
should learn strengths and weaknesses of various Software Engineering Techniques used in
industrial applications.

Course Outcomes:

The objectives of this course are to make the students able to

1. Understand the process of designing, creating and maintaining software.
2. Create softwares for various application domains.
3. Understand the importance of software design and development practices
4. Understand the challenges of large scale software development.

Contents: Theory Hrs.

Introduction and Software Process Models

Software, Software Engineering, Myths, Software Process, Work

Unit – 1 Products, Importance of Software Engineering, Standard for Software
[8]
Process, Waterfall Model, Prototyping Model, Iterative Enhancement
Model, Spiral Model, RAD model, 4th Generation models, Formal
Methods, Agile Development
.

Requirement Engineering and Software Project Management [10]

Unit – 2
Software Requirements, Types of Requirements, Requirement
Engineering Cycle, Requirements Specification document,
Characteristics of Requirements, Requirement verification and
validation, Role of Management in Software Development, Project
Estimation Techniques, Staffing, Scheduling, Earned Value Analysis,
Software Risks, Software Configuration Management, Software Process
and Project metrics.
 Software Design and Coding

Process, Data and Behavioural Modelling, Design Concepts, Modularity,

Architectural design, Coupling and Cohesion, Top-down and bottom-up
Unit – 3
design, Object-oriented Analysis, Function- oriented and Object- [06]
Oriented Design approach, Software Design Document, Coding styles
and documentation,

Testing and Software Quality

Testing principles, testing strategies, Black-box and White-box Testing [10]
Unit – 4
Techniques, Levels of testing -unit, integration, system, regression, Test Plan,
Test Cases Specification, Software debugging, Software Maintenance,
Software Quality Assurance (SQA), SQA tasks, Software amplification and
removal, Formal Technical Reviews, Software Quality Factors, ISO 9126, SEI
CMM, CMMI, Software Reliability. Software Availability.

Computer Aided Software Engineering and Advanced Topics

Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and its Scope, CASE support in
Unit – 5 Software Life Cycle, Architecture of CASE Environment, Upper CASE and [08]
Lower CASE, Exposure to CASE tools. Software Process Improvement,
Component Based Software Engineering, Web Engineering,Reverse Engineering,
Software Engineering challenges of Big Data, Mobile Applications.

Alternative NPTEL/SWAYAM Course (if any):

S. No. Course Name Instructor Host Institute

1. Software Engineering Prof. Rajib Mall IIT Kharagpur
2. Software Engineering - Prof. N.L. Sarda, IIT Bombay
Video course Prof. Rushikesh K
Joshi, Prof. Umesh
Bellur

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Software Engineering-A Practitioners Approach, By R. Pressman, McGraw Hill

International edition, 2004
2. Software Engineering, N.S. Gill, Khanna Publishing Co., Delhi 2018.
3. Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, Addison-Wesley, 2010
4. An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering, Pankaj Jalote, Narosa, 2014
5. Fundamentals of Software Engineering, By Rajib Mall, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2014
6. Software Engineering (3rd ed.), By K.K Aggarwal & Yogesh Singh, New Age International
Publishers, 2007
 OPERATING SYSTEM LAB
Practical No. of period in one session: 52 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 50
SUBJECT CODE: L T P/S Internal (PA) : 15
2044406 - - 04 External (ESE) : 35 02

Course Objective:

-To familiarize students with the architecture of Unix OS.

- To provide necessary skills for developing and debugging programs in UNIX environment.

Practical Outcomes:
After completion of the course the student would be able to
- Appreciate the advantages of Unix OS.
- Develop and debug, C programs created on UNIX platforms.
- Use and if necessary, install standard libraries.

CONTENTS Hrs.
1. To perform shell programming. [10]
Implement memory management techniques like paging or segmentation.
2. [8]
3. Implement any file allocation technique (Linked, Indexed or Contiguous). [10]
4. Use the following system calls of UNIX operating system: mkdir, [10]
rmdir, link, unlink, mount, umount users +, chown, chmod, getuid, setuid.
Use the following system calls of UNIX operating system: fork, wait, exec,
5. [8]
exit, kill, getpid,brk, nice, sleep, trace, open, close, read, write, lseek, stat,
sync
6. Use the following system calls of UNIX operating system: signals, pipe, [08]
socket, accept, snd,recv, connect.

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Operating System Concepts, Silberschatz, Abraham and Galvin, Peter,

Wiley India Limited
2. UNIX Concepts and Applications, Sumitabha Das, McGraw-Hill Education
3. Operating System Concepts, Ekta Walia, Khanna Publishing House
4. B.A. Forouzan, “Local Area Networks”, TMH. 2002
5. B.A. Forouzan, “TCP/IP Protocol Suite”, TMH.2004
 MACHINE LEARNING LAB
Practical No. of period in one session: 56 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 50
SUBJECT CODE: L T P/S Internal (PA) : 15
2044407 - - 04 External (ESE) : 35 02

Course Objective:
The students will understand the basics of Machine Learning. They will also learn and will be able
to apply different machine learning models to various datasets.

Practical Outcomes:

After completing the course, the students will understand-

1. Understand basic applications and issues of Machine Learning
2. Understand the different types of datasets
3. Analyze and work with different datasets
4. Analyze various Machine Learning techniques and algorithms
5. Apply various algorithms to different datasets.

CONTENTS: Practical Hrs.

01 Python Introduction: [10]
Loops and Conditions and other preliminary stuff,
02 [8]
03 Functions, Classes and Modules, [8]
04 Exceptions, Database access, [10]
Mathematical computing with Python packages like: numpy, Mat-
05 [8]
plotLib, pandas Tensor Flow,Keras
06 Implement basic ML models like SVM, KNN, K-Means, Logistic [12]
Regression, LinearRegression

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Introduction to Machine Learning, By Jeeva Jose, Khanna Book Publishing Co., 2020.
2. Machine Learning for Dummies, By John Paul Mueller and Luca Massaron, For Dummies,
2016.
3. Machine Learning, By Rajeev Chopra, Khanna Book Publishing Co., 2021.
4. Machine Learning: The New AI, By Ethem Alpaydin, The MIT Press, 2016.
5. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.
6. https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-machine-learning--ud120
7. https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning-duke
 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LAB
Practical No. of period in one session: 52 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 50
SUBJECT CODE: L T P/S Internal (PA) : 15
2044408 - - 04 External (ESE) : 35 02

Course Learning Objective:

Students should learn the concept and importance of Software Engineering. They
should be able to construct software that is reasonably easy to understand, modify,
maintain and reliable. They should learn strengths and weaknesses of various
Software Engineering Techniques used in industrial applications.

Objective:

The objectives of this course are to make the students able to

1. Understand the process of designing, creating and maintaining software.

2. Create software’s for various application domains.
3. Understand the challenges of large-scale software development.
1. Understand the importance of software design and development
practices

CONTENTS: Practical Hrs.

1 Perform Programming Exercises for software design concepts. [12]
Perform Programming Exercises for software testing concepts.
2 [12]
3 Perform Programming Exercises for Project Management concepts. [10]
4 Design and Develop UML diagrams for any Software Project. [10]
Perform Project Development with Software Engineering practices.
5 [8]

Text Books/Suggested References:

1. Software Engineering-A Practitioners Approach, By R. Pressman, Mc Graw Hill International

edition, 2004
2. Software Engineering, N.S. Gill, Khanna Publishing Co., Delhi 2018.
3. Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, Addison-Wesley, 2010
4. An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering, Pankaj Jalote, Narosa, 2014
5. Fundamentals of Software Engineering, By Rajib Mall, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2014
6. Software Engineering (3rd ed.), By K.K Aggarwal & Yogesh Singh, New Age International
Publishers, 2007
 MINOR PROJECT-I
TW No. of period in one session: 32 Credits
No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 50
SUBJECT CODE: L T P/S Internal (PA) : 15
2044409 - - 02 External (ESE) : 35 01

Course Learning Objective:

This course is aimed to provide more weightage for project work. The project work could be
done in the form of a project by using the application of Artificial intelligence (AI) in the college.
Participation in any technical event/ competition to fabricate and demonstrate an innovative AI-based
projects could be encouraged under this course.
 INTERNSHIP I (4 WEEKS) (T.W)
Term Work Credits
SUBJECT
CODE: No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 40
L T P/S Internal (PA) : 10
2044410 01
- 04 Weeks External (ESE) : 30
 ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE (TERM WORK)

TW No. of period in one session: 30 Credits

No. of Periods per Week Full Marks: : 10
SUBJECT CODE: L T P/S Internal : 10 01
2044411 - - 02 :

Course Objective: People working in industries or elsewhere essentially require

the knowledge of environmental science so as to enable them to work and produce
most efficient, economical and eco-friendly finished products.

• Solve various engineering problems applying ecosystem to produce eco –

friendly products.
• Use relevant air and noise control method to solve domestic and industrial problems.
• Apply relevant water and soil control method to solve domestic and industrial
problems.
• To recognize relevant energy sources required for domestic and industrial
applications.
• Analyze local solid and e-waste problems.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course student will be able to
1. Understand the ecosystem and terminology and solve various engineering
problems applying ecosystem knowledge to produce eco – friendly products.
2. Understand the suitable air, extent of noise pollution, and control measures and acts.
3. Understand the water and soil pollution, and control measures and acts.
4. Understand different renewable energy resources and efficient process of harvesting.
5. Understand solid Waste Management, ISO 14000 & Environmental Management.

CONTENTS: TERM WORK Hrs.

1 [08]
Ecosystem

• Structure of ecosystem, Biotic & Abiotic

components.
• Food chain and food web.
• Aquatic (Lentic and Lotic) and terrestrial
ecosystem.
• Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Phosphorus cycle.
• Global warming -Causes, effects, process, Green
House Effect, Ozone depletion.

Air and, Noise Pollution

2 [10]
• Definition of pollution and pollutant,
Natural and manmade sources of air
pollution (Refrigerants, I.C., Boiler).
• Air Pollutants: Types, Particulate Pollutants:
Effects and control (Bag filter, Cyclone
 separator, Electrostatic Precipitator).
• Gaseous Pollution Control: Absorber,
Catalytic Converter, Effects of air pollution
due to Refrigerants, I.C., Boiler.
• Noise pollution: sources of pollution,
measurement of pollution level, Effects of
Noise pollution, Noise pollution (Regulation
and Control) Rules, 2000.

3 Water and Soil Pollution

• Sources of water pollution, Types of water

pollutants, Characteristics of water pollutants
Turbidity, pH, total suspended solids, total
solids BOD and COD: Definition,
calculation. [10]
• Waste Water Treatment: Primary methods:
sedimentation, froth floatation, Secondary
methods: Activated sludge treatment,
Trickling filter, Bioreactor, Tertiary Method:
Membrane separation technology, RO
(reverse osmosis).
• Causes, Effects and Preventive measures of
Soil Pollution: Causes-Excessive use of
Fertilizers, Pesticides and Insecticides,
Irrigation, E-Waste.

4 Renewable sources of Energy

• Solar Energy: Basics of Solar energy. Flat

plate collector (Liquid & Air). Theory of flat
plate collector. Importance of coating.
Advanced collector. Solar pond. Solar water
heater, solar dryer. Solar stills.
• Biomass: Overview of biomass as energy
source. Thermal characteristics of biomass as
fuel. Anaerobic digestion. Biogas production
mechanism. Utilization and storage of biogas. [12]
• Wind energy: Current status and future
prospects of wind energy. Wind energy in
India. Environmental benefits and problem of
wind energy.
• New Energy Sources: Need of new sources.
Different types new energy sources.
Applications of (Hydrogen energy, Ocean
energy resources, Tidal energy conversion.)
Concept, origin and power plants of
geothermal energy.
 Solid Waste Management, ISO 14000 & Environmental Management
5 [12]
• Solid waste generation- Sources and
characteristics of: Municipal solid waste, E-
waste, biomedical waste.
• Metallic wastes and Non-Metallic wastes
(lubricants, plastics, rubber) from industries.
Collection and disposal: MSW (3R,
principles, energy recovery, sanitary landfill),
Hazardous waste.
• Air quality act 2004, air pollution control act
1981 and water pollution and control act1996.
Structure and role of Central and state
pollution control board.
• Concept of Carbon Credit, Carbon Footprint.
• Environmental management in fabrication industry.
• ISO14000: Implementation in industries, Benefits.

Text Books/References:
1. S.C. Sharma & M.P. Poonia, Environmental Studies, Khanna Publishing House, New
Delhi.
2. C.N. R. Rao, Understanding Chemistry, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2011.
3. Arceivala, Soli Asolekar, Shyam, Waste Water Treatment for Pollution Control and
4. Reuse, Mc-Graw Hill Education India Pvt. Ltd., New York, 2007, ISBN:978-07-
062099-
5. Nazaroff, William, Cohen, Lisa, Environmental Engineering Science, Willy,
New York, 2000, ISBN 10: 0471144940.
6. O.P. Gupta, Elements of Environmental Pollution Control, Khanna Publishing
House, New Delhi
7. Rao, C. S., Environmental Pollution Control and Engineering, New Age
International Publication, 2007, ISBN: 81-224-1835-X.
8. Rao, M. N.Rao, H.V.N, Air Pollution, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publication, New
delhi, 1988, ISBN: 0-07- 451871-8.
9. Frank Kreith, Jan F Kreider, Principles of Solar Engineering, McGraw-Hill,
New York; 1978, ISBN: 9780070354760.
10. Aldo Vieira, Da Rosa, Fundamentals of renewable energy processes,
Academic Press Oxford, UK; 2013. ISBN: 9780123978257.
11. Patvardhan, A.D, Industrial Solid Waste, Teri Press, New Delhi, 2013,
ISBN:978-81-7993- 502-6
12. Metcalf & Eddy, Waste Water Engineering, Mc-Graw Hill, New York,
2013, ISBN: 077441206.
13. eshav Kant, Air Pollution & Control, Khanna Publishing House, New Delhi (Edition
2018)