GENERAL
1. Role of water?
2. Role of aggregate?
3. Role of cement?
4. Role of admixtures?
5. Types of aggregate?
6. Types of cement?
7. Types of admixtures?
8. Stages of concrete?
9. 10 types of concrete?
10. 4 Advantages of concrete?
11. 5 Disadvantages of concrete?
FRESH CONCERTE?
12. Effect of increasing W/C ratio on strength?
13. Effect of low W/C?
14. Effect of decreasing A/C ratio on strength?
15. Effect of accelerators and retarders?
16. Effect of excessive accelerators?
17. Effect of excessive water?
18. Mechanism of Water reducers?
19. Effect of air voids and excessive air voids?
20. Define hydration?
21. Define compaction?
22. Define workability?
23. How to measure workability?
24. Explain slump test?
25. Explain compacting factor test?
26. Explain flow table test?
27. Different types of slump?
28. Suitable range of slump test for wet concrete?
29. Effect of W/C, Fine/Coarse ratio, cement content, fineness of cement, aggregate shape and size,
time, and air voids on workability?
30. Define segregation?
31. How to reduce segregation?
32. Define bleeding?
33. How to reduce bleeding?
HARDNED CONCRETE
34. How to determine compressive strength of concrete?
35. Effect of specimen size and shape on compressive strength?
36. How to determine compressive strength at 7 days?
37. Effect of W/C, cement content, fineness of cement, aggregate gradation, and shape (round vs
irregular), time, compaction and air content, and time on strength?
38. State Abram’s law?
39. Define maturity of concrete?
40. Define curing?
41. Effect of temperature at casting, curing, and testing on specimens?
42. Effect of moisture content at curing and testing on specimens?
43. Effect of loading rate on specimens (strength & strain)?
44. Relation between direct tensile strength and each of compressive, splitting, and flexural
strength?
45. Why direct tension test is rarely used?
46. Do decreasing W/C ratio increase tensile strength with the same ratio as compressive strength?
47. Effect of aggregate shape on flexural strength?
48. Effect of moisture content at testing on flexural strength?
49. Define fatigue strength (endurance limit)?
50. Define relation between impact strength and energy absorbed per blow?
51. Effect of moisture content, aggregate MNS and shape on impact strength?
52. Explain 3 reasons behind bond strength? (friction, adherence, and shear resistance)
53. How to measure bond strength?
54. Effect of cement content, consistency, compressive strength, bar size, shape and position, and
time on bond strength?
SHRINKAGE AND CREEP
55. Define creep?
56. Main reasons for creep? (seepage of pore water, crystalline flow of aggregate, losing of voids,
flow of cement-water paste)
57. Factors affecting creep? (cement type & fineness, aggregate type & size, A/C & W/C, humidity &
temperature, specimen size & shape, compaction)
58. Effect of creep? (deflection, internal stresses, load transfer, buckling, pre-stressed)
59. Types of shrinkage?
60. Define plastic shrinkage?
61. Define autogenous shrinkage?
62. Define drying shrinkage?
63. Define carbonation shrinkage?
64. Mechanism of carbonation?
65. How to test carbonation?
66. Effect of carbonation?
67. Effect of humidity on carbonation? (25% and 100%)
68. Factors affecting shrinkage? (aggregate content & type, W/C, age, humidity, member shape &
size)
69. Effects of shrinkage? (prestressed force, cracks)
70. How to reduce shrinkage? (W/C, aggregate grading, compaction, contraction joints)
71. Why does thermal movement occur? (relative expansion coefficient)
DURABILITY
72. Define durability?
73. Mention external and internal factors affecting durability? (physical, chemical, mechanical) (ASR,
unsoundness, corrosion)
74. Explain freezing and thawing damage mechanism? (expansion of pore water)
75. Freezing and thawing action can be prevented by? (impermeability, air entrainment, drainage)
76. Define abrasion?
77. Define erosion?
78. Define cavitation?
79. How to make concrete resist fire? (thickness, cement content, cement type, aggregate type,
fine/coarse ratio)
80. Explain corrosion of steel mechanism?
81. How to prevent corrosion? (cathodic, admixtures, coating)
82. Define permeability?
83. How to decrease permeability?
QUALITY
84. Why is quality control important? (statistical design, production cost, uniform concrete)
85. The difference between arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation?
86. What is the normal distribution curve?
87. What is the control ratio?
88. Acceptance criteria of concrete according to the British code and ACI standard?
