Quarter 2

Module 1
In
Trigonometry
Grade 9 (additional Math)

Virginia marieta e.
mariano
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master The Basic Trigonometric Identities and Sum and Difference
Identities. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you can read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons:

• Lesson 1 – Basic Trigonometric Identities
• Lesson 2 – Sum and Difference Identities

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. derive the basic trigonometric identities and the sum and difference
identities;
2. solve problems involving basic trigonometric identities and sum and
difference identities; and
3. prove basic trigonometric identities and the sum and difference
identities.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your notebook.
1. If csc 𝜃 tan 𝜃 is expressed as a single function, which is its equivalent?
A. cos 𝜃 B. cot 𝜃 C. sec 𝜃 D. sin 𝜃
2. Which of the following is equal to (1 − sin 𝑥 )(1 + sin 𝑥 )?
A. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 B. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 C. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 D. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥
3. What function is identical to sin 𝐴(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 + 1)?
2

A. cos 𝐴 B. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝐴 C. sin 𝐴 D. sec 𝐴

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛽
4. Which of the following is identical to ?
cos 𝛽
A. cos 𝛽 B. cot 𝛽 C. sec 𝛽 D. tan 𝛽
1 1
5. If + 1+sin 𝐷 which of the following is its equivalent?
1−sin 𝐷
A. 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐷 B. 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐷 C. 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐷 D. 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐷
3𝜋
6. Which of the following is the equivalent of sin ( 2 + 𝜃)?
A. − cos 𝐴 B. − sin 𝐴 C. − sec 𝐴 D. − tan 𝐴
7. What is the equivalent of cos(𝜋 − 𝛽 )?
A. − tan 𝛽 B. − sin 𝛽 C. −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝛽 D. − cos 𝛽
 3 12
For numbers 8-10) If cos 𝑥 = 5 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0 < 𝑥 < 90° and sin 𝑦 = 13 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 tan 𝑦 < 0,
8. What is the exact value of sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)?
16 21 48 56
A. B. C. 65 D.
65 65 65
9. What is the exact value of cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)?
33 21 21 33
A. − 65 B. − 65 C. D.
65 65
10. What is exact value tan(𝑥 + 𝑦)?
16 21 48 56
A. − 33 B. − 33 C. − 33 D. − 65

Lesson Basic Trigonometric

1 Identities

Sometimes it is important to write on statement to its simplest form.

Recall that we have two kinds of equations in Algebra- the conditional and
identity equations. The conditional equation is true only for some values of the
variable while an identity equation is for all permissible values of a variable.

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1: Match column A to Column B

COLUMN A COLUMN B
________1. tan 𝑥 A. −1
1
________2. cot 𝑥 B. sec 𝑥

________3. sin 𝑥 C. 0
cos 𝑥
________4. cos 𝜋 D. sin 𝑥

________5. cot 90° E. Undefined

________6. cos 𝑥 F. 2
________7. sin 0 G. 1
1
________8. csc 90° H. cot 𝑥
3𝜋 1
________9. tan I.
4 csc 𝑥

________10. sec 360°

 What’s New

In the previous quarter, we discussed the relationships of the sides

of a right triangle using theorems on right triangles and the relationship of the
angles using trigonometric identities. Before solving and proving trigonometric
identities let’s simplify first the following fractional expressions.

ACTIVITY 2: Reduce the fractional expressions to its simplest form.

𝑎2
1. 2𝑎𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
2. 2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
3. 𝑎+𝑏
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥
4. sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥

When given a fractional expression, it is best to reduce it to lowest terms

by cancelling out the common factors of both the numerator and
denominator. To cancel out common factors actually means to divide by
the common factors. To be able to do this, express both the numerator and
denominator as a product of factors.

What is it?

In Trigonometry, we can write identities for the functions of an angle 𝜃. All

identities presented are true for all the defined values of the variables.

The Eight Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

A. Reciprocal Identities
1
1. sin 𝜃 = ; sin 𝜃 csc 𝜃 = 1
csc 𝜃
1
2. cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 ; cos 𝜃 sec 𝜃 = 1
1
3. tan 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 ; tan 𝜃 cot 𝜃 = 1

B. Pythagorean Identities
1. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1
2. 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
3. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃

C. Quotient Identities
sin 𝜃
1. tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃
2. cot 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
 Guidelines in Proving Trigonometric Identities

1. Know the eight fundamental identities and be familiar with their

alternate forms.
2. Manipulate the side with the more complicated expressions and work
only on that side. The other side should not be touched.
3. When both sides are complicated, simplify both sides of the equation
separately until you come up with an identical form.
4. Express all functions in terms of sine and cosine.
5. Where applicable, substitute the fundamental identities or their alternate
forms.
6. If one side of the equation involves only one function, express all the
functions on the other side in terms of that function.
7. Perform any of the four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division) inorder to simplify or reduce trigonometric
expressions especially when fractional expressions are involved.
8. Whenever possible, avoid introducing radical expressions.

Example 1: Prove that sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥

sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − sec 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑥 by distributive property

𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 alternate form of Pythagorean Identity

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥

Example 2: Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = (1 + cos 𝐴)(1 − cos 𝐴)

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = (1 + cos 𝐴)(1 − cos 𝐴) sum and difference of binomials

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 alternate form of Pythagorean Identity

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
1 cos θ
Example 3: Prove that − sin θ = tan 𝜃
sin θ cos θ

1 cos θ
− = tan 𝜃 get the LCD of the left side of the equation
sin θ cos θ sin θ

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃
= tan 𝜃 alternate form of Pythagorean Identity
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃
= tan 𝜃 simplify by eliminating sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

sin 𝜃
= tan 𝜃 Quotient Identity
cos 𝜃

tan 𝜃 = tan 𝜃
 What’s More

Activity 3: Prove that the each given equation is an identity:

sec 𝐴 sin 𝐴
1. = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
tan 𝐴+cot 𝐴
cos 𝐵 sin 𝐵
2. + 1−cot 𝐵 = sin 𝐵 + cos 𝐵
1−tan 𝐵
1−sin 𝐶
3. = (sec 𝐶 − tan 𝐶 )2
1+sin 𝐶
sin 𝐷 1+𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐷
4. + = 2 csc 𝐷
1+cos 𝐷 sin 𝐷
1 1
5. + 1+sin 𝜃 = 1
1−sin 𝜃