Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

0% found this document useful (0 votes)
185 views24 pages

ME0 UT Procedure

This document outlines the Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for Arab Steel Fabrication Co., detailing the requirements for non-destructive testing of welded joints in ferrous metals and alloys. It includes sections on scope, references, definitions, responsibilities, and detailed procedures for personnel qualifications, equipment calibration, and examination techniques. The procedure adheres to API standards and emphasizes the importance of proper calibration and documentation during ultrasonic examinations.

Uploaded by

Sanad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
185 views24 pages

ME0 UT Procedure

This document outlines the Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for Arab Steel Fabrication Co., detailing the requirements for non-destructive testing of welded joints in ferrous metals and alloys. It includes sections on scope, references, definitions, responsibilities, and detailed procedures for personnel qualifications, equipment calibration, and examination techniques. The procedure adheres to API standards and emphasizes the importance of proper calibration and documentation during ultrasonic examinations.

Uploaded by

Sanad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

ASF-UT-O1

ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1


FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 1 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

API NDT Procedure

Ultrasonic Examination

Rev. No. Prepared By Approved By Reviewed By


3 Name
Date: Signature

2 Name
Date: Signature
1 Name Dr M. El-koussy
Date:
5/11/2005 Signature

0 Name Abdallah M. A. Hassanein


Date:01/01/07 Signature
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 2 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

CONTENTS
/N SUBJECT

1 SCOPE

2 REFERENCES

3 DEFINITIONS

4 RESPONSIBILITIES

5 PROCEDURE
ATTACHEMENTS
6
APPENDEX
7
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 3 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

1. SCOPE:

1.1 This Procedure describes the requirements for contact Ultrasonic Examination Methods
to be employed for the examination of full penetration welded joints, heat affected zone
and adjacent material; rolled, drawn, forged, extruded or cast ferrous metals and alloys
approved by API 5L standard

1.2 This procedure is to cover the method to be employed for ultrasonic examination of plate
and pipe welds in steel having a parent material thickness of 6mm or greater.

2. REFERENCES:

2.1 API 1104: 1999

2.2 Clients specification requirements for acceptance criteria provided that no violation of no
violations of API 1104 : 1999occurs

2.3 MEO-PC-01, Qualification and Certification of NDE Personnel.

3. DEFINITIONS:

3.1 NDE: Non-Destructive Examination.

3.2 ASNT: American Society for Non-Destructive Testing.

3.3 DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction.

4. RESPONSIBILITIES:

4.1 The NDE Examiner shall be responsible for conducting and reporting the results of
examination in accordance with the ASME - B & PV applicable Code Section and
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 4 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

Client’s specifications, whichever is more restrictive. In case of any conflict both , if the
requirement of ASME Code shall prevail
5. PROCEDURE:

5.1 Personnel Qualifications:

All personnel involved in Ultrasonic Examinations shall be qualified in accordance with


the requirements of MEO written practice No MEO-PC-01 for Level III or Level II
(Written Practice for NDE Personnel Qualification) latest revision.

5.1.1 Subcontractor’s personnel involved in Ultrasonic Examinations shall be qualified to


Level II in accordance with the requirements of subcontractor’s written practice
which shall be reviewed and accepted by MEO Level III or Quality Control
Manager.

5.1.2 The certification of personnel shall be checked by the Quality Control Manager or
NDE Level III prior to work commencement

5.2 Procedure Qualification

5.2.1 Qualification of procedure is carried out as described in API 1104, 1999. 11.4.4.
The qualification shall be as follows:
5.2.2 A-Welds minimum of two welding procedures containing defects and acceptable
imperfections shall be prepared
5.2.3 B- Radiographs shall be made of the welds and the results documented
5.2.4 C-The UT procedure shall be applied, and the results documented and compared
with the radiographs
5.2.5 Differences in detection results shall be documented. (Differences in the
detectability and resolution between ultrasonics and raiographs may be noted). If
required by company destructive testing of the weld sample shall be made to
discover or confirm the results. The use of UT procedure on production welds shall
be based on the capability of the implemented UT method/technique/system to 1)
circumferentially locate, 2)size for length, 3)determine depth from O.D. surface,
and 4)axially 9weld cross section)n locate required imperfections/defects in the
weld samples. In addition the procedure must accurately determine the
acceptability of welds in accordance with the criteria listed in 9.6 and 11.4.7 of API
1104. 1999.

5.3 Equipment:

5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrument shall be of the pulse echo type utilizing “A” scan
presentation, capable of generating and receiving frequencies over the range of at
least 1 to 5 MHz .
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 5 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.3.2 Ultrasonic instrument shall be equipped with a stepped gain control in units of 2.0
dB or less.
5.3.3 The reject control shall be in the '' off'' position for all examinations, unless it can
be demonstrated that it does not affect the linearity of the examination
5.3.4 Ultrasonic examination instrument shall have both send and receive jacks for dual
search units or a single search unit with send and receive transducers.
5.3.5 CALIBRATION OF SCREEN HEIGHT LINEARITY. Position an angle beam
search unit on a calibration block as shown in Fig 1-440 of ASME Code, Section
V, Article 4 (attached), so that indications from both the 1/2 and 3/4T holes give a
2 :1 ratio of amplitudes between the two indications. Adjust the sensitivity so that
the larger indication is set at 80% of full screen height (FSH). Without moving the
search unit, adjust the sensitivity to successively set the larger indication from
100% to 20% of FSH, in 10 % increments or 2 dB steps, and read the smaller
indication at each setting. The reading shall be 50% of the larger amplitude,
within 5% of FSH. The settings and readings shall be estimated to the nearest 1%
of FSH. Alternatively, a straight beam search unit may be used on any calibration
block that provides amplitude differences, with sufficient signal separation to
prevent overlapping of the two signals.
The screen height linearity shall be verified prior to first use and then at
intervals not to exceed three months.

5.3.6 CALIBRATION OF AMPLITUDE CONTRL LINEARITY. Position an angle


beam search unit on a calibration block as shown in Fig 1-440 of ASME Code,
Section V, Article 4, so that the indication from the 1/2 T is peaked on the screen.
Adjust the sensitivity (gain) as shown in the following table. The indication shall
fall within the specified limits. Alternatively, any other convenient reflector from
any calibration block may be used with angle or straight beam search units. This
procedure shall be verified prior to first use and then every three months.

Indication Set at % of dB Control Change Indication limits of


FSH the full screen
80% -6 dB 32 to 48%
80% -12 dB 16 to 24%
40% +6 dB 64 to 96%
20% +12 dB 64 to 96%

5.3.7 General Calibration Requirements


Ultrasonic System. Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic system and
shall be performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under
examination
Calibration Surface. Calibration shall be performed from the surface (clad or
unclad ; convex or concave) corresponding to the surface of the component from
which the examination will be performed.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 6 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

Couplant. The same couplant to be used during the examinations shall be used
for calibration.
Contact Wedges. The same contact wedges to be used during the examination
shall be used for calibration.
Instrument Controls. Any control which affects instrument linearity(e.g. filters,
reject or clipping) shall be in the same position for calibration, calibration checks,
instrument linearity checks, and examination.
Temperature. The temperature differential between the calibration block and
examination surfaces shall be within 14 degrees C.

5.3.8 Calibration for Non-Piping. Calibration shall be performed utilizing the


calibration block shown in Fig T-434.2.1 of ASME Code, Section V, Article 4
(attached). The angle beam shall be directed toward the calibration reflector that
yields the maximum response in the area of interest. The gain control shall be set
so that this response is 80% plus or minus 5% of FSH. This shall be the primary
reference level. The search unit shall then be manipulated, without changing
instrument settings, to obtain the maximum responses from the other calibration
reflectors at their beam paths to generate the distance-amplitude correction (DAC)
curve. These calibrations shall establish the distance range calibration and the
distance amplitude correction. Sweep range calibration techniques and distance
amplitude correction techniques given in the non mandatory appendices B and C
of ASME, Section V, article 4 or equivalent techniques shall be used. Sweep
range calibration techniques and distance amplitude correction techniques given
in the non mandatory appendices B and C of ASME, Section V, article 4 or
equivalent techniques shall be used.

5.3.9 Calibration for Piping. Calibration shall be performed using the calibration
blocks shown in Fig. 22A, 22B and 22C of API 1104,1999(attached).. The angle
beam shall be directed toward the calibration reflector that yields the maximum
response in. The gain control shall be set so that this response is 80% plus or
minus 5% of FSH. This shall be the primary reference level. The search unit shall
then be manipulated, without changing instrument settings, to obtain the
maximum responses from the calibration reflectors at the distance increments
necessary to generate a three- point distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve.
Separate calibrations shall be established for both the axial and circumferential
notches. These calibrations shall establish the distance range calibration and the
distance amplitude correction.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 7 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.3.10 Calibration Confirmation. A calibration check on at least one of the basic


reflectors shall be made at the finish of each examination or series of similar
examinations, every 4 hr during the examination, and when examination
personnel are changed. If any distance range point has moved on the sweep line
by more than10 % of the distance reading or 5% of full sweep whichever is
greater, correct the distance range and note the correction in the examination
record. All recorded indications since the last valid calibration or calibration
check shall be reexamined and their values shall be changed on the data sheets or
re-recorded. If any sensitivity setting has changed by more than 20%or 2 dB of its
amplitude, correct the sensitivity calibration and note the correction in the
examination record. If the sensitivity setting has decreased, all data sheets since
the last valid calibration check shall be marked void and area covered by the
voided data shall be reexamined. If the sensitivity setting has increased, all
recorded indications since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be
reexamined and their values shall be changed on the data sheet or re-recorded.

5.4 Materials:

5.4.1 Search units shall be in the frequency range 1 MHz to 5 MHz and be free of noise
and internal reflections. Twin or single transducer elements may be used
dependent upon the configuration of weld under examination.
5.4.2 Search units with contoured contact wedges may be used to aid the ultrasonic
coupling. Calibration shall be done with the contact wedges used during the
examination.
5.4.3 Each flaw detector shall have a full set of search units with cables; the search units
shall be of type, size and frequency, as required by the governing specification.
5.4.4 Calibration blocks shall include, but not be limited to, ASME Code Sec. V non -
piping calibration blocks fig.T-434.2.1, of the same Sec. calibration block for pipe
fig T-434.3 of same section, IIW and the miniature calibration block (V2) , with
the flaw detector.
5.4.5 For examinations in materials where the examination surface diameter is greater
than 20 in. (508 mm), a block of essentially the same curvature shall be used, or
alternatively, a flat basic calibration block, may be used.
5.4.6 For examination in materials where the examination surface diameter is 20 in. (508
mm), or less, the calibration block shall be curved. Except where otherwise stated
in the reference code, a single curved basic calibration block may be used to
calibrate the examination on surfaces in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5
times the basic calibration block diameter.
5.4.7 Calibration Block Materials shall be of the same product form, and material
specification or equivalent P-Number grouping as one of the materials being
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 8 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.4.8 examined. For the purpose of this procedure P-Numbers 1, 3, 4, and 5 materials are
considered equivalent. The calibration block shall have the same heat treatment
specification or receive at least the minimum tempering treatment
5.4.9 required by the material specification. for the type and grade and also have the
same surface finish.

5.4.10 Measurements of beam spread shall be taken only when required by a referencing
code section. Beam spread angles shall be measured once for a search unit wedge
combination at the beginning of each period of extended use, or every 3 months,
whichever is less.

5.4.11 Search units with worn faces shall not be used.

5.4.12 Couplant shall be used to give the maximum acoustic transmission between the
probe face and the material under examination.
The couplant shall be cellulose paste , liquid soap, water, oil or grease.
The couplant shall not be detrimental to the material being examined. Couplant
used on nickel base alloys shall not contain more than 250 ppm of sulphur.
Couplant used on austenitic stainless steels or titanium shall not contain more than
250 ppm of halides (chlorides and fluorides).

5.5 Technical Information:

5.5.1 Prior to commencement of examination, the following information shall be


obtained:

 Type of material.
 Joint configuration.
 Welding Process.
 Other information that may have a bearing on the inspection e.g. post weld
heat treatment, etc.

5.6 Examination :

5.6.1 Overlap. Each pass of the search unit shall overlap a minimum of 10% of the
transducer dimension parallel to the direction of scan indexing. Oscillations of the
search unit is permitted if it can demonstrate that that the overlapping coverage is
provided.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 9 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.6.2 Pulse Repetition Rate. The Pulse repetition rate shall be small enough to assure
that a signal from a reflector located at the maximum distance in the examination
volume will arrive back at the search unit before the next pulse is placed on the
transducer.
5.6.3 Rate of Search unit Movement. Scanning speed shall not exceed 150 mm / sec.
Surface Preparation. When the weld metal or base metal surface interferes with
the examination, the weld or base material shall be prepared as needed to permit the
examination.
Welds that are being examined using ultra sound shall be prepared to provide a
sufficiently smooth and regular area for scanning to be undertaken. The area shall
extend at least the full skip distance required, and shall be free of any irregularities
such as spatter, grinding or chipping marks scale, etc., which may hinder the
scanning pattern or cause confusion in the interpretation of the resultant display i.e.
excessive surface noise.
5.6.4 Inspection Technique
5.6.4.1 Weld Joint Distance Amplitude Technique

Before performing the angle beam examination of the weldment, the


parent material shall be examined by straight beam. This straight beam
examination shall be performed on 1,25 times the volume of the base
metal through which through which the angle beam will travel to locate
any reflectors that can limit the ability of the angle beam to examine the
weld metal. Second backwall echo from the reference standard of Fig
22A (API 1104, 1999) shall be adjusted to at least 80% of full screen
height.
Weld joints shall be scanned with an angle beam search unit in both
parallel and transverse directions from both sides of the weld (4 scans) to
the weld axis. The beam angle shall be 45 deg or an angle appropriate for
the configuration being examined and shall be capable of detecting the
calibration reflectors over the required angle beam path
5.6.4.2 Weld Examination. Plate and Pipe Welds
A root scan shall be carried out from both sides of the weld, with respect
to longitudinal axis of weld with at least one angle probe directed
essentially perpendicular to the weld axis so as to distinguish between
root variations and the existence of root cracks or crack-like defects. This
may be done where practicable with the aid of a ruler placed so that the
distance from the probe index to the root will be constant. The body and
fusion faces of the weld shall then be examined using a continuous
scanning raster from both sides of the weld between the weld center line
or the cap edge whichever is appropriate and full skip plus the cap width
.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 10 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.7 Scanning

5.7.1 Datum:

A datum reference point shall be clearly marked on the work-piece and


shall be marked with the weld identification. The datum shall be used as
a reference for locating defects, and the reporting of defects.
5.7.2 The weld and base metal shall be scanned, where required by the
referencing code section to the extent possible with the straight beam
search unit.

5.7.3 Manual ultrasonic testing shall be performed at scanning sensitivity of


DAC reference sensitivity plus 6 dB. All indications that exceed 50% of
DAC screen height shall be evaluated.

5.7.4 The angle beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to the weld
axis from both sides of the weld where possible to detect discontinuities
oriented parallel to the weld axis.

5.7.5 The angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld axis and
shall be manipulated so that the angle beam passes through the required
volumes of weld and adjacent base metal specified by the referencing code
in order to detect discontinuities oriented transverse to the weld axis.
The search unit shall be rotated 180º. and the examination shall be
repeated.

5.8 Indication Evaluation Level

5.8.1 Evaluation sensitivity should be DAC reference sensitivity plus 6 dB with an


evaluation level for all indications at 50% DAC screen height
Acceptance standards shall be as given in 9.6 of API 1104, 1999.

5.9 Reporting and Documentation

5.9.1 Upon completion of the examination the examiner shall prepare an examination
report, for each weld or area of weld examined, using the Company report forms.
Refer to attached here in 6.1 , 6.2. All restrictions which limit the effectiveness of
the test must be recorded.
5.9.2 Non- Rejectable indications. Non-Rejectable indications shall be recorded as
specified by the referencing Code Section.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 11 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

5.9.3 Rejectable indications. Rejectable indications shall be recorded. As minimum,


the type of indications (i.e., crack, non-fusion, slag, etc.)location and extent(i.e.
Length) shall be recorded.
5.9.4 Examination Records. For each ultrasonic examination, the information given in
attachment 6.1 shall be recorded. The report shall be filled and maintained in
accordance with the referencing Code Section

5.9.5 In addition, sketches and drawings shall be prepared to support written


descriptions.

5.10 Post Examination Cleaning :


After examination, parts shall be cleaned and traces of the couplant used shall be
removed from the surface by using suitable method (usually sand blasting before
painting).

6. ATTACHMENTS:

6.1 Ultrasonic Examination Report.

6.2 Ultrasonic Calibration Record.


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 12 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

6.1 Ultrasonic Examination Report Page 1 of 2


Report No: Examination Date: Time : From: To:

Client : Project : Job No. :


Part Examined: Drawing No. :
Material Thickness :
Procedure identification and revision: Ultrasonic instrument:
Acceptance Criteria : Manufacturer :
Scanning per cent: Serial no:
Reject setting : Couplant type:
Calibration Block identification: Search units 0 45 60 70
Manufac-
Specific Calibration Block(s) :
turer
Reference reflector : Serial No

Reference Level gain : Size

Sweep Range: Frequency

Contact Surface Condition :


Search unit cables
Welding Surface Condition : Type:
Length:
Scanning Surface: Special equipment

Extension of Examination :

Restricted access or inaccessible welds

Indication
Dis.from
Welder Joint Amplitude Length Depth Evaluation Remarks
Weld No Ref.Point Type
No Type dB mm mm
mm

Name Signature Level Date

NDE Operator

Client Inspector

Authorized Inspector

See attached sketch


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 13 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

Report No. Page 2/2

Sketch

Area / Restricted Access


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 14 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

6.2 Ultrasonic Calibration Record

Client : project : Job :


UT Instrument: Manufacturer : S/N :
Date of Last Calibration: Time of Last Calibration:
Reason For Calibration : Basic Calibration Block:

Screen Height Linearity (Appendix I) Amplitude Control Linearity (Appendix II)

Every 3 Month
Every 3 Month

Transducer : Transducer :
Transducer angle : Transducer angle :
Transducer Frequency: MHz Transducer Frequency: MHz
Transducer Size : Transducer Size :

Indication Set at dB Control Indication


½ T %FSH ¾ T %FSH Linearity
% FSH Change Limits % FSH
100 80 -6
90 80 -12
80 40 +6
70 20 +12
60
50
40
30
20
Angle/Straight Beam Calibration Angle /Straight Beam Calibration

AUTHORITY

Level Date
NDE Examiner Name Signature
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 15 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

7- APPENDIX
Sweep Range And Distance-Amplitude Calibration Methods

7- 1-Sweep Range Calibration Using Side Drilled Holes (SDH)

Delay control adjustment


Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from the 1/4T side- drilled hole (SDH). Adjust the left edge of this
indication to line 2 on the screen with the delay control.
Range Control Adjustment.
Position the search unit for the maximum indication from the 3/4T SDH. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 on
the screen with the range control
Repeat adjustment.
Repeat the delay and range control adjustments until the 1/4T and 3/4T SDH indications start at sweep lines 2 and 6.
Notch-Indication.
Position -the search unit for maximum response from the square notch on the opposite surface. The indication will appear
near sweep line 8.
Sweep Reading.
Two divisions on the sweep now equal 1/4 T

7-2-Distance-Amplitude Correction. Calibration for Side Drilled Holes Primary


Reference Level From Clad Side (See Fig. B-462.1)
(a) Position the search unit for maximum response from the SDH, which gives the highest amplitude.
(b) Adjust the sensitivity (gain) control to provide an indication of 80% (5%) of full screen height (FSH). Mark the
peak of the indication on the screen.
(c) Position the search unit for maximum response from another SDH.
(d) Mar}s the peak of the indication on the screen.
( e) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the third SDH and mark the peak on the screen.
(f):Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the %T SDH after the beam has bounced from the opposite
surface. The indication should appear near sweep line 10. Mark the peak on the screen for the 3/4%T position.
(g) Connect the screen marks for the SDHs to provide the distance-amplitude curve (DAC).
(h) For calibration correction for perpendicular reflectors at the opposite surface, refer to 7-6.

7-3 -Calibration for Piping Notches Primary Reference Level (See Fig. B-462.3)
(a) Position the search unit for maximum response from the notch which gives the highest amplitude.
(b) Adjust the sensitivity (gain) control to provide an indication of 80% (plus/ minus 5%) of full screen height
(FSH). Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
(c) Without changing the gain, position the search unit for maximum response from another notch.
(d) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
(e) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the remaining notch at its Half Vee, Full Vee or 3/2 Vee beam
paths and mark the peak on the screen.
(f) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from any additional Vee Path(s) when used and mark the peak(s)
on
the screen.
(g) Connect the screen marks for the notches to pro vide the distance-amplitude curve
(h) These points also may be captured by the ultrasonic instrument and electronically
displayed.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 16 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

7-4-Distance -Amplitude Correction Inner 1/4 Volume


Number of Beam Angles.
The 1/4 volume angle calibration requirement may be satisfied by using one or more beams as required to calibrate
on
1.8 in. (3 mm) maximum diameter side drilled holes in that volume.

7-5-Position Calibration (See Fig. B-464)


The following measurements may be made with a ruler, scale, or marked on an indexing strip.
7-5-1 1/4T SDH Indication.
Position the search unit for maximum response from the 1/4T SDH. Place one end
of the indexing strip against the front of the search unit, the other end extending in
the direction of the beam. Mark the number 2 on the indexing strip at the scribe
line which is directly above the SDH. (If the search unit covers the scribe line, the
marks may be made on the side of the search unit.)
7-5-2 1/2T and 3/4T SDH Indications.
Position the search unit for maximum indications from the 1/2T and 3/4T SDHs.
Keep the same end of the indexing strip against the front of the search unit. Mark
the numbers 4 and 6 on the indexing strip at the scribe line, which are directly above
the SDHs.
7-5-3 5/4T SDH Indication.
If possible, position the search unit so that the beam bounces from the opposite surface to the %T SDH. Mark the
number 10 on the indexing strip at the scribe line, which is directly above the SDH.
7-5-4 Notch Indication.
Position the search unit for the maximum opposite surface notch indication Mark the number 8 on the indexing strip
at the scribe line, which is directly above the notch.

7-5-5 Index Numbers.


The numbers on the indexing strip indicate the position directly over the reflector in sixteenths of the V-path.

7-5-6 Depth.
The depth from the examination surface to the reflector is T at 8, %T at 6 and 10, 1/2T
at 4, I/4T at 2, and 0 at O. Interpolation is possible for smaller increments of depth.
The position marks on the indexing strip may be corrected for the radius of the hole if
the radius is considered significant to the accuracy of reflector's location.

7-6- Calibration Correction for Planar Reflectors Perpendicular to the


Examination Surface at or Near the Opposite Surface (See Fig. B-465)
A 45 deg angle beam shear wave reflects well from a corner reflector. However, mode conversion and redirection of reflection
occurs to part of the beam when a 60 deg angle beam shear wave hits the same reflector. This problem also exists to a lesser
degree throughout the 50 deg to 70 deg angle beam shear wave range. Therefore, a correction is required in order to be equally
critical of such an imperfection regardless of the examination beam angle.
7-6-1 Notch Indication. Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the notch on the opposite
surface. Mark the peak of the indication with an "X" on the screen.
7-6-2 45 deg vs 60 deg. The opposite surface notch
may give an indication 2 to 1 above DAC for a 45 deg shear wave, but only 1/2 DAC for a 60 deg shear wave. Therefore, the
indications from the notch shall be considered when evaluating reflectors at the opposite surface.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 17 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

7-7 Beam Spread (See Fig. B-466)


Measurements of beam spread shall be made on the hemispherical bottom of round bottom holes (RBHs). The half maximum
amplitude limit of primary lobe of the beam shall be plotted by manipulating the search unit for measurements on reflections
from the RBHs as follows.
7-7-1 Toward 1/4T Hole. Set the maximum indication from the Y4TRBH.at 80% of FSH. Move search unit toward the hole
until the indication equals 40% of FS1f. Mark the beam center line "toward" position on the block.
7-7-2 Away From 1/4T Hole. Repeat 7-7-1 , except move search unit away from the hole until the indication equals 40% of
FSH. Mark the beam center line "away" position on the block.
7-7-3 Right of 1/4THole. Reposition the search unit
for the original 80% of FSH indication from the 1/4T RBH. Move the search unit to the right without pivoting the beam
toward the reflector until the indication equals 40% of FSH. Mark the beam center line "right" position on the block.4
Note When manually positioning the search unit, a straight edge may be used to guide the search unit while moving to the
right and left to assure that axial positioning and beam alignment are maintained.
7-7-4 Left of 1/4T Hole. Repeat 7-7-3 , except move the search unit to the left without pivoting the beam toward the
reflector until the indication equals 40% of FSH. Mark the beam center line "left" position on the block.3
7-7-5 1/2T and %T Holes. Repeat the steps in 7-7-1 through B-466.4for the 1/2T and %T RBHs.
7-7-6 Record Dimensions. Record the dimensions from the "toward" to "away" positions and from the "right" to "left"
positions marked on the block.
7-7-7 Perpendicular Indexing. The smallest of the three "toward" to "away" dimensions shall not be
exceeded when indexing between scans perpendicular to -
7-7-8 Parallel Indexing. The smallest of the three "right" to "left" dimensions shall not be exceeded when indexing between
scans parallel to the beam direction.
7-7-9 Other Metal Paths. The projected beam spread angle determined by these measurements shall be used to determine
limits as required at other metal paths.
NOTE If laminar reflectors are present in the basic calibration block, the beam spread readings may be affected; if this is the
case, beam spread measurements must be based on the best available readings.

7-8 GENERAL TECHNIQUES FOR STRAIGHT BEAM CALIBRATIONS


Sweep Range Calibration(note ) (See Fig. C461)
7-8-1 Delay Control Adjustment. Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from the 1/4T SDH.. Adjust the left
edge of this indication to line 2 on the screen with the delay Control.
7-8-2 Range Control Adjustment. Position the search unit for the maximum indication from %T SDH. Adjust the left edge of
this indication to line 6 on the screen with the range control.
7-8-3 Repeat Adjustments. Repeat the delay and range control adjustments until the 1/4T and 3/4TT SDH indications start at
sweep lines 2 and 6.
7-8-4 Back Surface Indication. The back surface indication will appear near sweep line 8.
7-8-5 Sweep Readings. Two divisions on the sweep equal 114T.
Note : Calibration by beam path measurement may be used by range control positioning by the block back reflection to the
sweep division number (or multiple) equal to the measured thickness. The 114T SDH indication must be delay control
positioned to 1/4 of the sweep division number.

7-9 Distance-Amplitude Correction (See Fig. C-462)


The-.following. is used for calibration from either the. clad side or the unclad side:
(a) Position the search unit for the maximum indication from the SDH, which gives the highest indication.
(b) Adjust the sensitivity (gain) control to provide an 80% (:t5%) of FSH indication. This is the primary reference level. Mark
the peak of this indication on the screen.
(c) Position the search unit for maximum indication from another SDH.
(d) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
(e) Position the search unit for maximum indication from the third SDH and mark the peak on the screen.
if) Connect the screen marks for the SDHs and extend through the thickness to provide the distance-amplitude curve.
ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 18 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 19 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 20 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 21 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 22 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 23 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005


ASF-UT-O1
ARAB STEEL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION Rev. 1
FABRICATION C0.
PROCEDURE Page 24 OF 24

Date 5-11/ 2005

You might also like