JR.
CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
***1. a) What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom? Discuss the importance of
this model to explain various series of line spectra in hydrogen atom.
b) Write Limitations of Bohr’s theory.
***2. Explain about the quantum numbers and give their significance?
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
∗∗∗ 1. What is periodic property? How are the following properties vary in a group and in a period
? Explain.
a) Atomic radius b) I. E c) E. N d) Electron gain enthalpy e) Nature of oxides
***2. Define IE and IE . Why IE > IE for a given atom? Discuss the factors that effect IE of an
element.
***3. Write an essay on 𝑠, 𝑝, d and f-block elements.
CHEMICAL BONDING
**1. What do you understand by Hybridization? Explain different types of hybridizations involving
𝑠 and 𝑝 orbitals.
**2. Give the molecular orbital energy diagram of N and O . Calculate respective bond order
write the magnetic nature of 𝑁̇ and O molecules.
3. Give an account of VSEPR theory and its applications.
CHEMICAL BONDING SAQ’S
1. Explain the hybridization involved in PCl5 molecule
2. Explain the hybridization involved in SF6 Molecule
3. What is hydrogen bond explain the types of hydrogen bonds with examples.
4. State Fajan’s Rules and give suitable examples?
5. Explain the formation of coordinate covalent bond with one example.
6. Define dipolemoment write its applications.
7. Give the differences between 𝜎 – and 𝜋-bonds.
8. Compare dipole moment of NH molecule with that of NF molecule. .....
9. Define the dipole moment. Why the BF molecule dipolement is zero.
10. Explain the formation of ionic bond with a suitable example.
THERMODYNAMICS
1. State and explain "Hess law of constant heat summation" with example.
2. Give the mathematical formation of first law of thermodynamics.
3. Define heat capacity. What are 𝐶 and 𝐶 ? Show that C − C = R
4. a) What is entropy? Explain with example ?
b) State the third law of thermodynamics. What do you understand by it?
5. a) Explain extensive and intensive properties.
b) State the second law of thermodynamics and explain it.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
1. Discuss the application application of Lechateliers principle for the industrial synthesis of NH
and SO .
a) Industrial synthesis of ammonia : N + 3H ⇌ 2 NH ; 𝛥H = −92.3KJ
(g) ( ) (g)
b) Industrial synthesis of SO :
2SO + O ⇌⇌ SO ; 𝛥H = −189KJ/mol
( ) ( ) ( )
2. Explain Lewis acid-base theory with examples.
3. Write a short note on Brownstead - Lowery acid - base theory.
4. Derive the relation between Kp and Ke for the following reactions.
a) 2HI( ) ⇌ H ( ) +I ( ) b) N ( ) + 3H ( ) ⇌ 2NH ( )
c) 2SO ( ) +O ( ) ⇌ 2SO ( ) d) CaCO ( ) ⇌ CaO( ) + CO ( )
5. What is a conjugate acid-base pair? Illustrate with examples.
6. Write the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each of the following.
a) OH b) H O c) HCO d) H O
7. What is Homogeneous and Heterogeneous equilibrium ? Give suitable examples ?
8. What are Buffer solution ? Explain types of Buffer solutions.
9. Explain the Arrhenius cọncept of acids and bases.
10. Define pH ? Calculate the pH of
a) 10 MHCl b) 10 MH SO
c) 0.001MNaOH d) 0.0008MBa(OH)
11. Define solubility product ? Write solubility product expressions for the following
A) Ag Cr O B) Zr (PO )
12. What is common ion effect ? Illustrate.
13. Derive the relation between 𝐾 and /𝐾 for equilibrium reaction. N (g) + 3H (g) ⇌
2NH (g)
HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1. What is hard water? How can you remove hardness of water by Calgon method.
2. Explain with suitable example the following
a) electron – deficient b) electron - precise and c) electron - rich hydrides
3. What is hardness and how temporary hardness removed by Clark’s Method ?
4. Explain ion exchange method ?
5. Explain the oxidation and reduction reaction of H O .
6. Explain preparation of hydrogen peroxide by electrolytic method ?
7. Write uses of hydrogen as a fuel
8. What is hard water. Explain removal of hardness by synthetic resin method
9. Write the isotopes of hydrogen
SAQ’S :
STATES OF MATTER
1. Deduce (a) Boyle’s law and (b) Charle’s law from kinetic gas equation.
2. Write the postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases.
3. Derive Ideal gas equation
4. State and Explain Graham’s law of diffusion.
5. Deduce (a) Graham’s law and (b) Dalton’s law from Kinetic gas equation.
6. Define RMS, average, most probable velocities
STOICHOMETRY
1. A carbon compound contains 12.8% carbon, 2.1% hydrogen, 85.1% bromine. The molecular
weight of the compound is 187.9 . Calculate the molecular formula.
2. Chemical analysis of a carbon compound gave the following percentage composition by
weight of the elements present, carbon = 10.06%, hydrogen = 0.84%,
chlorine = 89.10%. Calculate empirical formula of the compound.
3. A compound contains 4.07% hydrogen, 24.27% carbon and 71.65% chlorine. Its molar mass
is 98.96g. What are its empirical and molecular formulas?
4. Balance the following redox reaction by ion-electron method in acid medium.
MnO (aq) + SO (g) → Mn (aq) + HSO (aq)
5. Balance the following redox reaction by ion-electron method:
Cr2O72 aq SO2 g
Cr 3 aq SO42 aq
6. Balance the following reaction in acid medium by ion-electron method.
Fe (aq) + Cr O (aq) → Fe (aq) + Cr (aq)
p-Block Elements - Group 13 (Boron Family)
1. Explain borax bead test with a suitable example.
2. Explain diborane structure.
3. What are electron deficient compounds? Is BCl an electron deficient species?
4. Explain two preparation methods of diborane. How it react with
a) H2O b) CO c) N(Me)3
p-Block Elements Group 14
1. Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis o: their structure.
2. Why diamond is hard?
3. Give the hybridization of carbon in
A) CO B) diamond C) graphite D) fullerene
4. What do you understand by A) Allotropy B) Catenation?
Organic SAQ’s
1. Complete the following reaction and name the products A, B and C.
hot metal tube
CaC → A → B → C
2. Give two examples each for position and functional isomerism.
3. Explain Wurtz reaction and Friedel - Crafts alkylation with examples
4. Name the products A, B and C formed in the following reactions. Give the equations for the
reactions.
5. Explain Markownikoff rule and anti Markownikoff rule.
6. Explain confirmation of ethane.
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VSAQ’S :
States of Matter
1. Why pressure cooker is used for cooking food on hills?
2. State Graham’s law of diffusion.
3. Which of the gases diffuses faster among N , O and CH ?
4. State Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
5. What are Isobars?
6. Give the values of gas constant in different units.
7. What is an Ideal gas?
Stoichiometry
1. What is a redox concept? Give an example.
2. What is disproportionation reaction? Give one example.
3. Calculate the oxidation number in Cr O ion on chromium.
Thermodynamics
1. State the first law of the thermodynamic.
2. What are intensive and extensive properties?
3. State the third law of thermodynamics.
4. What are the ’ 𝛥H ’ sign conventions for exothermic and endothermic reactions
5. State Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
Chemical Equilibrium
1. All Lewis acids are not Bronsted acids. Why?
2. Write the relation between K and K .
3. What is a Bronsted base? Give one example.
4. What is lewis acid? Give one example.
5. State the law of chemical equilibrium.
6. Calculate the pH of 0.01MHCl solution.
7. What is dynamic equilibrium?
s-Block Elements
1. Describe the important uses of sodium carbonate.
2. Describe the importance of Plaster of Paris
3. What happens when magnesium metal is burnt in air?
4. Lithium reacts with water less vigorously than sodium. Give your reasons.
5. Lithium salts are mostly hydrated. Why?
6. What are the characteristic colours imparted by the II A elements?
7. Why is gypsum added to cement?
8. Mention any two uses of caustic soda (NaOH)
9. Write chemical name and formula of Plaster of Paris.
10. Write the biological importance of magnesium and calcium.
11. Give an account of the biological importance of Na and K ions.
p-block Elements
1. Give the hybridization of carbon in
A) CO (b) diamond C) graphite D) fullerene
2. What is allotropy? Give the crystalline allotropes of carbon.
3. Graphite is a good conductor - explain.
4. What is ’producer gas’?
5. What is ZSM - 5? Write its use
6. Diamond has high melting point - explain.
7. How does graphite function as a lubricant?
8. Why is CO poisonous?
9. Name any two man-made silicates.
10. What is ’synthesis gas’?
Environmental Chemistry
1. What is PAN? What effect is caused by it?
2. What is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)?
3. What is Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?
4. Write any two gases responsible for green house effect.
5. Which oxides cause acid rain?
6. Name two adverse effects caused by acid rains.
7. Mention the harmful effects caused due to depletion of ozone layer.
8. Define ’receptor’ and ’sink’.
9. What is Green House effect?
10. What is TLV
Organic Chemistry
1. Write the conformations of ethane.
2. Write the IUPAC Names of:
A) CH − CH − CH − CH = CH
B) C)
3. Write the structures of Trichloroethanoic acid, Neopentane, P-nitro benzaldehyde.
4. Write IUPAC names of the following structures:
A) CH = CH − CH = CH B)
5. Write IUPAC names of the following structures
A) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 2
B)
6. Write chain isomer structures of carbon compound C H
7. How do you prepare ethyl chloride from ethylene?
8. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds:
A)
B)
States of Matter: (Numericals)
1. Calculate the kinetic energy of 4 moles of methane at −73∘ C.
2. Calculate the ratio of kinetic energies of 3gm of hydrogen and 4gm of oxygen at a given
temperature.
3. How many times methane diffuses faster than sulphur dioxide?
Stoichiometry
1. How many number of moles of glucose are present in 540gms of glucose?
2. Calculate the weight of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate.
3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH O. Its molecular weight is 90 . Calculate the
molecular formula of the compound?
4. A solution is prepared by adding 2g of a substance ’ A ’ to 18g of water, calculate the mass
percentage of solute.
5. Calculate the oxidation number of manganese (Mn) in MnO ion.
6. Calculate the pH of 0.05MH SO solution.
ORGANIC LAQ’S
1. Describe two methods of preparation of ethane. Give any three reactions of ethane.
2. How do we get benzene from acetylene? Give the corresponding equation. Explain the
halogenation, alkylation, acylation, nitration, and sulphonation of benzene.
3. Write any two methods of preparation of ethylene. How does it reacts with the following?
A) Cold, dil. alk.KMnO B) Br /CCl
4. Write any two methods of preparation of benzene with corresponding equations. How
methyl benzene and acetophenone are prepared from benzene?
5. Describe any two methods of preparation of acetylene. How does it react with water and
hydrogen bromide? Write equations.
6. Describe two methods of preparation of Ethylene. Give the equation for the reactions of
ethylene with the following.
A) Ozone B) Cold and alk. KMnO
7. How does acetylene react with the following reagents? Give the corresponding equations and
name the compound formed in the reactions.
A) Water B) Hydrogen
C) Halogens D) Hydrogen halide
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