OPENING PRAYER
Lord Jesus, please give me a good mind that I may
do all my works well in such a way that I will make
you happy. Help me to understand and remember
all the things that I must learn. Help me to enjoy
and be happy with the subject which I find so hard.
Amen!
Subject
Earth Science
UNIT 3: EARTH
PROCESSES
MODULE 7:
Weathering, Earth’s
Interior Heat and
Magma Formation
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the learners will be
able to:
a. Describe how rocks undergo weathering
b. Explain why the Earth’s interior is hot
c. Describe what happens after magma is
formed
Up Next:
Motivation
Motivation:
A. B. C.
1. The rock undergoes _____?
a. Weathering
b. Rock Formation
c. Erosion
a. Weathering
EXOGENIC PROCESS ENDOGENIC PROCESS
S WEATHERING A. HEAT IN EARTH’S INTERIOR
I. Physical/Mechanical 2 Categories
U Weathering 1. Primordial Heat Source
a. Frost wedging 2. Radioactive Heat Source
b. Salt crystal growth
M c. Abrasion
d. Biological activity B. MAGMA FORMATION
M a. decompression melting
II. Chemical Weathering b. flux melting
A a. Dissolution c. heat transfer melting
b. Oxidation
c. Hydrolysis MAGMA FORMATION
R Factors: (CRRTT) 1. Mid-oceanic ridges
(Climate, Rock type, Rock 2. Mantle plumes (hot spots)
Y structure, Topography, and
3. Subduction zones
Time)
Module 7: (Lesson 8)
Weathering, Earth’s
Interior Heat and
Magma Formation
Introduction
• Earth– is a dynamic body. It is constantly
changing. The two processes that involves
in changes are:
• Exogenic process- anything that happens
outside the Earth’s core.
• Endogenic process- take place inside the
globe or earth (earthquakes & generation
of volcanic activities)
Lesson Proper
EXOGENIC PROCESS
> Exogenic Process includes weathering,
mass wasting, deposition and erosion.
> Weathering - the breaking/crumbling of
rocks by physical, chemical, or biological
means.
> climate, temperature location of the rocks
affect the weathering process.
2 main categories of
weathering processes (PC)
> physical and chemical weathering.
1. Physical/Mechanical Weathering --------
- disintegrates rocks, breaking them into
smaller pieces due to any natural or
anthropogenic force without any
alteration of its composition
Example of
Physical/
Mechanical
Weathering
4 Processes that lead to the mechanical
disintegration of rocks: (FSAB)
a. Frost wedging- alternate freezing and
thawing of water inside the joints of the
rocks.
b. Salt crystal growth- occurs when saline
solutions enter the rock pores or cracks
and evaporates, leaving behind salt
crystals. (aka salt weathering or haloclasty)
1. Frost wedging 2. Salt crystal
growth
4 Processes that lead to the mechanical
disintegration of rocks: (FSAB)
c. Abrasion – wearing away of rocks
by constant collision of loose
particles.
d. Biological activity – plants and
animals (including humans) as
agents of mechanical weathering.
3. Abrasion 4. Biological activity
plants
wind
humans
water
2 main categories of
weathering processes (PC)
> physical and chemical weathering.
2. Chemical Weathering----- ---
- It is the weakening or decomposing of
rocks and the formation of new com-
pounds or new substances cause by
chemical reactions.
2. Chemical Weathering
a. Unweathered (left) b. Weathered (right)
Feldspars to Kaolinite
a) Unweathered surface- feldspars are still fresh and glassy-
looking.
b) Weathered surface - feldspar has been altered to the chalky-
looking clay mineral kaolinite.
3 Major Processes of chemical
weathering: (DOH)
a. Dissolution - some of minerals in rocks
are directly dissolved in water.
b. Oxidation - oxygen reacts with the rocks
and changes its mineral composition.
c. Hydrolysis - change in the composition of
minerals when they react with water.
1. Dissolution
3. Hydrolysis
2. Oxidation
Feldspars to Kaolinite
Physical weathering and
chemical weathering almost
always occur together in
nature and reinforce each
other.
Drill
1. What are the two main categories of
weathering processes?
2. What are the 4 processes that lead to the
mechanical disintegration of rocks? (FSAB)
3. What are the 3 major processes of
chemical weathering? (DOH)
5 Factors that affect the type, extent, and rate
at which weathering takes place: (CRRTT)
1. Climate:
➢ Cold & Dry = slow rate of chemical weathering
➢ High Temp & High Rainfall = high rate of CW
2. Rock type:
• What is more susceptible to weathering, limestone or
olivine?
3. Rock structure:
• What enhances weathering more, rocks with cracks
or without cracks?
5 Factors that affect the type, extent, and rate
at which weathering takes place: (CRRTT)
4. Topography: study of the surface feature of the earth
➢ Physical weathering occurs faster in steep slope or
not steep slope?
➢ Chemial weathering occurs faster in steep slope or
not steep slope?
5. Time:
• Longer time exposure of rock to agents = higher rate
of weathering
Ex: Feldspars to Kaolinite
