CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- is the main function for transportation for both
Endocardium
oxygenated and unoxygenated.
- inner most layer of the heart that contains
- It carries oxygen, nutrients, cell waste,
blood vessels and transmit electrical impulses
hormones, and other substances vital for body
that keeps the heart beating
homeostasis to end from the cell.
- inflammation of the indocardium called
- the size of the person fist is the size of your
endocarditis.
their heart.
Heart
4 Chambers of the Heart
- assumes 75 constractions per minute,
equivalent to 108 thousands per day. 1. Right Atrium - receives
- it inject 70 mil per constraction on a resting the oxygenated blood from
period equivalent to 5.25 liters per minute. the body and returns to the
- the heart is located medially within tyhe hearts via right ventricle.
thoracic cavity between the lungs knows as
mediastinum
- the inferior tip of the heart called apex, it can 2. Right Ventricle - pumps
be found to the left sternum. the oxygenated blood to
the lungs.
5 structure found in mediastinum
3. Left atrium - received oxygen rich blood from the
1. Heart
lungs and pumps to the left ventricle (circulation)
2. Esophagus
3. Thoracic nerve
4. Left ventricle - pumps oxygen rich blood to the
4. Systemic blood vessels different parts of the body.
5. Trachea
Walls of the heart/ Membranes of the heart Different types of Blood Vessel
1. Arteries- carries blood
Pericardium
from the ventricles away
- Is the sac that
from the heart.
enclose the heart
- inflammation of the
pericardium called
pericarditis. 2. Veins - returns blood to
the heart from the body
Myocardium organs.
- muscular layer of the heart called cardiac
muscle.
- its pumps blood into the tissues of the body 3. Capillaries – tiny
under involuntary control. vessels that connects arteries & veins
- inflammation of myocardium called myocarditis
– it reduces the hearts ability to pump
(radiosis)
Different Valves of the Heart
1. Mitral valve - located in * measured by the millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
between Left atrium and
left ventricle
Systolic Pressure
2. Tricuspid valve - located
- is the pressure in the arteries at the peak of
between the right atrium
ventricular contractions (first sounds)
and right ventricle
3. Pulmonary valve - Diastolic Pressure
located between right - The pressure when the ventricles are relaxing.
ventricle and pulmonary
artery
110/80 - border line/ normal blood pressure.
Agina pectoris
2 Types of the Blood Circulation
- is the situation/disease when myocardium
1. Pulmonary Circulation – once the superior vena cava received less oxygenated blood, continuous
the unoxygenated blood enters the right atrium once occurance of Agina Pectoric nay result to
it’s filled up the bulb open pushing the blood to the myocsrdial infraction (serious heart disease
right ventricle & gooes down to pulmonary tract for result heart attack.
oxygenation.
2. Systemic Circulation - ones the blood is oxygenated it
Factors Affect Heart Rate
enters to the left atrium & pushes the oxygenated blood
left ventricle & pushed to the Aorta to be distributed to 1. Physical activity
the different parts of the body.
2. Temperature
3. Thyroid hormones – tyrosine
Hyperthyroidism - increase amount of tyroxine that
increase heart rate. (high section of tyroxine)
Hypothyroidism - less secretion of hormones low heart
rate. (low section of tyroxine)
Nicotine & Caffeine – also increases heart rate.
Heart beat is the number of times the heart beats
per minutes.
Pulse rate is the number of times the arteries
expand and contract with each heart beat
(expansion and contraction)
BLOOD PRESURE
* Is the off and on flow of blood into arteries as the
heart alternately contracts & relaxes causes the BP to
rise and fall during each beat.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- Drains the body fluids & return them to the
blood stream.
- drain/filter i
- when there is the blockage in the lymphatic
system edema occurs (swelling)
Function of Lymphatic System
- Helps protects the body by removing foreign
materials such as bacteria and tumor cell
