3.Briefly explain the application of computer in your field of study??
In the field of Management, Computer Applications play a vital role in improving efficiency,
decision-making, and overall operations. Below are some key areas where computer applications
are used in management:
Certainly! Let's expand on each of these applications in more detail:
Data Management : Data management tools, such as relational databases (e.g., MySQL,
Oracle), enable managers to store structured data securely. Spreadsheets (e.g., Microsoft Excel)
allow for complex data manipulation and visualization through charts and pivot tables. Business
intelligence tools (e.g., Power BI, Tableau) provide advanced analytics and reporting
capabilities, helping managers uncover trends and insights from large datasets.
Project Management It have software provides comprehensive tools for planning and
executing projects. Features include Gantt charts for scheduling, task lists for tracking progress,
and resource management for allocating personnel and materials. Collaboration features allow
team members to share updates, discuss issues, and attach relevant documents. Tools like Trello
use Kanban boards to visualize work and optimize workflow.
Financial Managements Data Accounting software automates financial processes, ensuring
accuracy and compliance. Features include general ledger management, accounts payable and
receivable, payroll processing, and financial reporting. Budgeting tools allow managers to plan
and track financial performance against goals.
Human Resource Management (HRM) HRM software automates and streamlines HR
processes. Recruitment modules handle job postings, applicant tracking, and interview
scheduling. Payroll modules ensure timely and accurate salary disbursements, tax calculations,
and benefits administration. Employee self-service portals enable staff to update personal
information, access payslips, and request leave. Performance management tools support goal
setting, appraisals, and professional development.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM CRM systems centralize customer
information, enabling personalized interactions and improving customer satisfaction. Sales
automation features track leads, opportunities, and sales activities, helping sales teams manage
their pipelines. Marketing automation tools segment audiences and deliver targeted campaigns.
Customer service modules manage support tickets, track customer inquiries, and provide self-
service options.
Supply Chain ManagementComputers enable the efficient management of supply chains
through software that tracks inventory, manages orders, and predicts demand, ensuring smooth
operations and cost savings.
Computers truly empower managers to be more efficient, accurate, and strategic in their roles!
4.What mean by strong password? Explain with example?
A 'Strong Password' refers to a password that is configured with a combination of letters,
numbers, and special characters, making it difficult to guess. It is important for security to avoid
using dictionary words, dates, or common names when creating strong passwords.
Strong passwords include a mix of letters, numbers, and special characters. One way to create
strong passwords that can be memorized is to start with a simple phrase, then substitute some
letters for numbers or special characters. Example "T3r@C@ptUre!9#1n".
a strong password will not contain any reference to your username, personal information, company
name, or any word found in the dictionary. Strong passwords should also be at least seven characters
long and contain characters from each of the following groups:
■Uppercase letters A, B, C …
■Lowercase letters z, y, x …
■Numeric digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9
■Non-alphanumeric characters !,*,$,}, etc.
Key features of strong passwords are length, complexity, Unpredictablity, Uniqueness.
For Example.Here is a strong password:
D@r9z#Lp7X!mQ2rW
It's length has contain 16 characters long, which makes it harder to crack using brute force.and
complexity It combines upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters like @, #, !, making
it difficult to guesss and Un predictable characters are randomly mixed, without any obvious patterns
like dictionary words or sequential numbers.
5.Write short review on generations of computer?
The evolution of computers is categorized into different generations, each marked by significant
technological advancements. Here's a brief review of the generations of computers
First Generation (1940s-1950s)
TechnologyVacuum tubes.
Characteristics.Large, expensive, and consumed a lot of power. They used machine language and had
limited memory and processing capabilities.
ExamplesENIAC, UNIVAC.
Second Generation (1950s-1960s)
Technology: Transistors.
Characteristics: Smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient compared to the first
generation. They used assembly language and high-level programming languages like COBOL and
FORTRAN.
Examples: IBM 1401, CDC 1604.
Third Generation (1960s-1970s)
TechnologyIntegrated Circuits (ICs).
Characteristics: Even smaller and more powerful, capable of multitasking and batch processing.
Introduction of operating systems and more advanced high-level programming languages.
Examples: IBM System/360, PDP-8.
Fourth Generation (1970s-Early1989s)
Technology: Microprocessors.
Characteristics: Further miniaturization, leading to the development of personal computers (PCs).
Enhanced processing power, user-friendly interfaces, and widespread use of software applications.
Examples: Apple II, IBM PC.
Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)
Technology: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced parallel processing.
characteristics: Focus on developing computers that can process natural language, recognize patterns,
and learn from data. Innovations in AI, machine learning, and quantum computing.
Examples.Modern AI systems, IBM Watson, Google DeepMind.
Each generation has contributed to the rapid advancements we see in computing technology today,
making computers more accessible, powerful, and integral to our daily lives.
Reference.
Digital Firm" by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon.
Computer Organization and Architecture" by William Stallings.
The Best Password Organizer Books in 2024" by Sarah Jones** - This book
