MIL REVIEWER  INFORMATION LITERACY

Communication is broadly defined as the The ability to recognize when information

imparting and exchanging of information or is needed, and to locate, evaluate and
news in order to communicate effectively communicate information in its
various formats.
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM  TECHNOLOGY (DIGITAL)
• CONVERSTATION LITERACY
- Person to person interaction using one’s The ability of an individuals, either working
voice as the tool deliver the message. independently or with others, to responsibly,
• PUBLIC SPEAKING appropriately and effectively use
- One to many interactions using one’s technological tools.
voice as the tool to deliver the message to a  MEDIA & INFORMATION
large number of people, at any given time. LITERACY
• DOCUMENTS/LETTERS/MAILS
The essential skills and competencies that
- Written message in whatever form,
allow individuals to engage with media and
usually on paper and print.
other information providers effectively
• VISUAL ART
- Messages rendered in the form of
paintings, drawings, photography, videos, STAGES/ ELEMENTS OF LITERACY
images, and the like that conveys specific STAGE 1. Identifying/ recognizing
emotions, idea or thought. information needs
• PHYSICAL MEDIUM STAGE 2. Determining sources of
- Physical things such tarpaulin billboards, information
posters, in package information contained in SATGE 3. Citing or searching for
product packaging and the like. information
• DIGITAL/ INTERACTIVE STAGE 4. Analyzing and evaluating the
- Digital and electronic means to convey quality of information
messages such as websites or computer STAGE 5. Organizing, storing and
application, primarily by the use of internet. archiving information
STAGE 6. Using information in an ethical,
MEDIA refers to various channels of efficient and effective way
communication between a person or persons STAGE 7. Creating and communicating
and their intended audience new knowledge

KEY CONCEPTS OF MEDIA

 LITERACY MEDIA AND INFORMATION
The ability to identify, understand, interpret, LANGUAGES
create, communicate and compute, using The process of construction requires the use
printed and written materials associated with of deliberate choice on what and what not to
varying contexts. include, what to put on spotlight, and what
should serve as a backdrop.
 MEDIA
KEY CONCEPTS OF
The physical objects used to communicate
DECONSTRUCTING MEDIA
with or the mass communication through
1. SOURCE - could be the writer,
physical objects such as radio, television,
photographer or blogger
computers, film, etc.
2. AUDIENCE - Media messages are
 MEDIA LITERACY intended to reach audiences
3. TEXT - what you actually see and/or
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate and
hear.
create media in variety of forms.
4. SUBTEXT - an individual
 INFORMATION interpretation of a media message. It
is sometimes called the "hidden text.
A broad term that covers processed data, 5. PERSUASION TECHNIQUES - to
knowledge derived from study, experience, persuade us to believe or do
instruction, signals or symbols. something.
 6. POINT OF VIEW - Everyone tells The PRODUCERS are the people engaged
part of the story from their point of in the process of creating and putting
view together media content to make a finished
media product.
CODES are systems of signs which when OTHER STAKEHOLDERS are the
put together create meaning. libraries, archives, museums, internet and
CONVENTIONS are the rules, habits or other relevant information providers
generally accepted ways of doing things
THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL
SYMBOLIC CODES include the language, MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA
dress, or actions of characters, or iconic
symbols that are easily understood. TRADITIONAL MEDIA
1. SETTING is the time and place of Any form of mass communication available
the narrative before the advent of digital media
2. MISE EN SCENE means”
everything within the frame” CONVEYANCE
3. ACTING actors portray characters the action of process of transporting
in media products and contribute to someone or something from one place to
character development, creating another
tension or advancing the narrative.
4. COLOR has highly cultural and Prehistoric Age (Before 17005)
strong connotations. People discovered fire, developed paper
from plants and cast instrumentality or
TECHNICAL CODES include sound, weapon through stone, bronze, copper and
camera angles, types of shots and lighting. iron ( cave painting, clay tablets in
1. CAMERAWORK refers to how the Mesopotamia, printing press using wood
camera is operated, positioned and blocks)
moved for specific effects
2. EDITING is the process of Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
choosing, manipulating and People used the power of steam, developed
arranging images and sound. machine tools, established iron production
3. AUDIO is the expressive or and manufacturing of various products
naturalistic use of sound (including books through the printing press)
4. LIGHTING is the manipulation of ( printing press for mass production,
natural or artificial light to telegraph, typewriter)
selectively highlight specific
elements of the scene. Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)
People harnessed the power of electricity
WRITTEN CODES are the formal written that led to electrical telegraphy, electrical
language used in a media product. circuits and the early large-scale computers
FORM CONVENTIONS are the certain (through vacuum tubes, transistors and
ways we expect types of media codes to be integrated circuits). (transistor radio,
arranged television, apple 1 computer)
STORY CONVENTIONS are common
narrative structures and understandings that New (Information) Age (1970s-Present)
are common in story telling media products. People advanced the use of microelectronics
GENRE CONVENTIONS point to the in the invention of personal computers,
common use of images, characters, settings mobile devices and wearable technology.
or themes in a particular type of medium. ( the computer, social media, smart
Genre conventions are closely linked with phones)
audience expectations.

There are two general types of media

audience:
1. MASS AUDIENCE are the mainstream
consumers.
2. NICHE AUDIENCE a small group of
influential audience with a unique taste
Authoritarian theory describe that all forms of the authoritarian theory which means the
communications are under the control of the authoritarian theory says "all forms of
governing elite or authorities or influential communication works under the control of
bureaucrats. govemment or elite like king"
SOVIET MEDIA THEORY
The Soviet Union was estructured with new SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY
political system based on the Marxist- Allows free press without any censorship
Leninist principles. The newly formed but at the same time the content of the press
communist party by Lenin shows much should be discussed in public panel and
interest in the media which serves to the media should accept any obligation from
working class in the country and their public interference or professional self-
welfares, So the Soviet originales a theory regulations or both. The theory lies between
from Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist both authoritarian theory and libertarian
thoughts, with mixture of Georg Wilhelm theory because it gives total media freedom
Friedrich Hegel ideology is called 'Soviet in one hand but the extemal controls in other
Media Theory" is also known as "The hand
Communist Media Theory.
FUNCTION OF COMMUNITY AND
MARXIST THEORY MEDIA
The basis upon which our analysis,
perspectives, programme, and participation  Monitoring Function
in the movement are based. It is our "guide  Information Function
to action and is why the International  Opinion Function
Marxist Tendency places so much emphasis  Watch Dog Role of Journalism
on political education  Channel for advocacy for political
viewpoints
MARXIST THEORY AND LENINIST
THEORY TYPES OF MEDIA
The crimes we shall expose are to be judged MEDIA is the term we use to refer to
not by the standards of Communist regimes, different types of media that provide us with
but by the unwritten code of the natural laws important information and knowledge.
of humanity. 1. PRINT MEDIA This type of news
media used to be the only way of
STALINIST THEORY delivering information to the public
The method of rule, or policies, of Joseph 2. BROADCAST MEDIA describes
Stalin, Soviet Communist Party and state the traditional forms of media that
Inader bam 1020 untä his death in 1053. include television and radio.
Stalinism is associated with a regime of 3. FILM/CINEMA commonly applied
terror and totalitarian rule to movies of an artistic or
educational nature and is not
GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH expected to have broad, commercial
HEGEL appeal.
German philosopher who developed a 4. VIDEO GAMES/DIGITAL Any of
dialectical scheme that emphasized the various interactive games played
progress of history and of ideas from thesis using a specialized electronic gaming
to antithesis and thence to a synthesis device or a computer or mobile
device and a television or other
LIBERTARIAN THEORY display screen, along with a means to
Sees people are more enough to find and control graphic images.
judge good ideas from bad. The theory says 5. NEW MEDIA as "forms of
people are rational and their rational communicating in the digital world,
thoughts lead them to find out what are good which includes publishing.... most
and bad. The press should not restrict significantly, over the Internet
anything even a negative content may give
knowledge and can make better decision Mass Media -refers to the various ways,
whilat worst situation. The Ibertarian especially television, radio, newspapers, and
thoughts are exactly against or opposite to magazines, by which information and news
are given to large numbers of people
 REFERENCE BOOKS Include facts,
figures, addresses, statistics, definitions,
dates, etc. Useful for finding factual or
statistical information or for a brief
overview of a particular topic.

NEWSPAPERS (NEWS
RESOURCES) Provides very current
information about events, people, or
places at the time they are published

MAGAZINES Include articles on

diverse topics of popular interest and
Media Effects-are the intended or current events.
unintended consequences of what the mass
media does? ACADEMIC JOURNALS Include
Third Party Theory- People think articles written by and for
they are more immune to media specialists/experts in a particular field
influence than others
Reciprocal Effect- When a person INTERNET An electronic
or event gets media attention, it communications network that connects
influences the way the person acts or computer networks and organizational
the way the event functions. computer facilities around the world.
Boomerang Effect- Refers to media-
induced change that is counter to the
desired change.
Cultivation Theory (George
Gerbner)- It state media exposure, Evaluating Information
specifically to television, shapes our
social reality by giving us a distorted • Accuracy- Content is grammatically
view on the amount of violence and correct, verifiable and cited when
risk in the world necessary.
Agenda Setting Theory • Relevance- Content is relevant to
(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)- your topic or research
Process whereby the mass media • Author- Defines who created the
determine what we think and worry content, the individual or credentials
about. or expertise and provides contact
information.
PROPAGANDA Ideas or statements • Currency- Information is current
that are often false or exaggerated and and updated frequently.
that are spread in order to help a cause, a
• Fairness- Content is balanced,
political leader, a government, etc.
presenting all sides of an issue and
multiple point- of-view.
LIBRARY A place in which literary,
musical, artistic, or reference materials
(such as books, manuscripts, recordings,
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
or films) are kept for use but not for sale.
Media and Information
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE --
Copyright- a legal device that provides
Knowledge that is unique toa given
the creator of a literary, artistic, musical,
culture or society.
or different inventive work the only real
right to publish and sell that job.
BOOKS Cover virtually any topic, fact
or fiction Useful for the complete
Plagiarism- an act or instance of
background on an issue or an in-depth
victimization or closely imitating the
analysis of a theory or person.
language and thoughts of another author
while not authorization
Cyber Bullying-bullying that takes • Instant Message (via devices,
place on-line, or victimization electronic email provider services, apps,
technology and social media messaging
features)
Laptop Addiction - the excessive use of
• Email
computers to the extent that it interferes
with standard of living

Digital divide - an economic difference

between teams in terms of access to, use
of, or data of ICT

NETIQUETTE refers to a collection of

rules that governs what conduct is
socially acceptable in a web or digital
scenario.

BULLYING - unwanted, aggressive

behavior among school aged children
that involves a real or perceived power
imbalance.

In order to be considered bullying, the

behavior must be aggressive and
include:
An Imbalance of Power

Repetition
Bullying behaviors happen more
than once or have the potential to
happen more than once.

 Verbal bullying is saying or writing

means things.
 Social bullying, sometimes referred
to as relational bullying, involves
hurting someone's reputation or
relationships.
 Physical bullying involves hurting a
person's body or possessions.

Cyberbullying, according to
stopbullying.com (2019), is bullying that
takes place over digital devices like cell
phones, computers, and tablets.
The most common places where
cyberbullying occurs are:
• Social Media, such as
Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, and Twitter
• SMS (Short Message
Service) also known as Text
Message sent through devices