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Pair of linear Equations
in Two Variables 3 10th Class - Mathematics
2 Marks Questions
N An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where 1. 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50. Whereas
a,b,c are real numbers (a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0) is called a lin- 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46.
ear equation in two variables x and y. Represent this situation in pair of linear equations.
m
Ex: (i) 4x – 5y + 2 = 0 (ii) 3x – 2y = 4 Sol: Cost of 1 pencil = Rs. x
N The general form for a pair of linear equations in Cost of 1 pen = Rs. y
5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50
co
two variables x and y is
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 5x + 7y = 50 → (1)
N Where a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 are all Real Numbers 7 Pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46
and a1 ≠ 0, b1 ≠ 0, a2 ≠ 0, b2 ≠ 0 7x + 5y = 46 → (2)
n.
Examples eq.(1) and (2) represents the situation in pair of
N Graphical representation of a pair of linear equa- linear equations.
tio
tions in two variables: a1 b1 c1
2. By comparing the ratios a , b , c , state
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 2 2 2
(i) Will represent intersecting lines if i.e. unique whether the lines represented by the following
solution. And this type of equations are called
consistent pair of linear equations.
Ex: 5x – 2y = 0, 3x + 9y – 20 = 0
ca pairs of linear equations intersect at a point or
parallel or coincident.
Sol: 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
du
(ii) Will represent overlapping or coincident lines comparing with a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0,
if i.e. Infinitely many solutions, consistent or
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
dependent pair of linear equations
a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = – 6 ;
ie
Ex: 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 , 4x + 6y – 20 = 0
a2 = 4, b2 = – 2, c2 = – 4
(iii) Will represent parallel lines if i.e. no solution
a1 2 1 b1 1 −1 c1 −6 3
sh
and called inconsistent pair of linear equations
= = , = = , = =
Ex: x + 2y – 4 = 0, 2x + 4y – 12 = 0 a2 4 2 b2 −2 2 c2 4 2
(iv) Algebraic methods of solving a pair of linear
a1 b1
equations: Here ≠
ak
a2 b2
(i) Substitution method
(ii) Elimination Method So given pair of linear equations represent inter-
(iii) Graphical method secting lines.
.s
Comparison of Graphical Algebraic Solutions Graph
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ratios representation interpretation
Y
a1 b1 Consistent and Unique
≠ Intersecting
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a2 b2 lines Independent Solution O X
Y
a1 b1 c1 Parallel No
= ≠
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Inconsistent Solution
a2 b2 c2 lines
O X
Y
a1 b1 c1
= = Coincident Consistent and Infinite
a2 b2 c2 dependent Solutions O X
lines
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
3. Check whether 6x – 3y +10 = 0, 2x – y + 9 = 0 geometric representation of the pair so formed is :
are consistent or inconsistent i) intersecting lines ii) parallel lines
Sol: comparing given pair of linear equations with a1x iii) coincident lines
+b1y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
Sol: Given linear equation
m
a1 6 b1 −3 c 10 2x + 3y – 8 = 0
= = 3, = = 3, 1 =
a2 2 b2 −1 c2 9 i) Intersecting line to the given line is
⎛ a b ⎞
co
a1 b1 c1 3 x + 2 y − 7 = 0 ⎜ 1 ≠ 1 ⎟
Here = ≠
a2 b2 c2 ⎝ a2 b2 ⎠
ii) Parallel line to the given line is
So given pair of linear equations represent paral-
⎛a b c ⎞
n.
lel lines and inconsistent. No solution. 6 x + 9 y − 10 = 0 ⎜ 1 = 1 ≠ 1 ⎟
4. For what value of k, 3x + 5y + 2 = 0, 9x + 15y + ⎝ a2 b2 c2 ⎠
tio
k = 0 represent coincident lines. iii) Coincident line to the give line is
Sol: Given coincident lines 3x + 5y + 2 = 0, ⎛a b c ⎞
6 x + 9 y − 24 = 0 ⎜ 1 = 1 = 1 ⎟
9x + 15y + k = 0 ⎝ a2 b2 c2 ⎠
a1 b1 c1
For coincident lines
⇒
3 5 2 1 1 2
= = ⇒ = =
= =
a2 b2 c2 ca
1.
4 Marks Questions
The larger of two complementary angles
9 15 k 3 3 k
du
exceeds the smaller by 18o. Find the angles .
2 1 Sol: Let the larger complementary angle be x0
= ⇒ k = 2× 3 = 6
k 3 The smaller complementary angle be y0
ie
As per problem
5. From the graph find the value of k
x = y + 18
x – y = 18 → (1)
sh
3x + ky=7 Sum of the supplementary angles is 900
x + y=2
x + y = 900 → (2)
x – y = 18
ak
x + y = 90
2x = 108
x = 54
.s
Sol: From the graph given lines are parallel lines
Substitute the value of x in (1) or (2)
Given parallel lines x + y = 2, 3x + ky = 7
x – y = 18
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x + y – 2 = 0, 3x + ky – 7 = 0
54 – y = 18 ⇒ y = 360.
a1 b1 c
For parallel lines = ⇒ 1 2. Two angles are supplementary The larger angle is
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a2 b2 c2
30 less than twice the measure of the smaller angle.
1 1 −2 1 1 Find the measure of each angle.
= ≠ ⇒ = ⇒k=3
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3 k −7 k 3 Sol: Let the larger supplementary angle be x0
6. Given the linear equation 2x +3y– 8 = 0, write Smaller supplementary angle be y0
As per problem
another linear equation in two variables such that the
x = 2y – 3 → (1)
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
Sum of the supplementary angles is 1800 dimensions of the garden.
x + y = 180 → (2) Sol:Let the width of rectangular garden = b
x + y = 180 length is 4m more than its width
x – 2y = -3 l = b + 4 → (1)
- + + Perimeter of rectangle
m
3y = 183 ⇒ y = 61 = 2 (l + b)
Substitute the value of y in (1) or (2) = 2 (b + 4 + b)
co
x + y = 180 = 2 (2b + 4)
x + 61 = 180 ⇒ x = 1190 Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden is 36 m
∴ Two angles are 1190, 610. 1
2(2b + 4) = 36
n.
3. Solve the pair of linear equations x + y = 10, x – 2
y = 4 by substitution method. 2b + 4 = 36
tio
Sol: x + y = 10 → (1) 2b = 36 – 4 = 32
x – y = 4 → (2) 32
b= = 16
From eq(2) x – y = 4, x = y + 4 2
Substitute x = y + 4 in eq (1) we get
y + 4 + y = 10
2y + 4 = 10
ca substitute b =16, in eq (1), we get
l = 16 + 4 = 20
∴ Dimensions of rectangular garden
2y = 10 – 4 = 6
du
l = 20 m, b = 16 m
6
y= =3 6. Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and
2
substitute y = 3 in eq (1) hence find the value of 'm' for which y =
ie
x + 3 = 10, x = 10 – 3 = 7 mx + 3
∴ solution x = 7, y = 3 Sol: Given
sh
4. Solve the pair of linear equations 2x – y = 5, 3x + 2x + 3y = 11 → (1)
2y = 11 by elimination method. 2x – 4y = – 24 → (2)
Sol: 2x – y = 5 → (1)
subtracting
ak
3x + 2y = 11 → (2)
2x + 3y = 11
(1) × 2 ⇒ 4x – 2y = 10
(2) × 1 ⇒ 3x + 2y = 11 2x – 4y = – 24
– + +
.s
7x = 21
7y = 35
21
x= =3
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7 35
y= =5
Substitute x = 3 in eq (1), we get 7
w
2 × 3 –y = 5 substitute y = 5 in eq(1), we get
6–5=y 2x + 3 × 5 = 11
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y=1 −4
2 x = 11 − 15 = −4, x = = −2
∴ solution x =3, y =1 2
5. Half the perimeter of rectangular garden is 36 m. If
∴ solution x = – 2, y = 5
the length is 4m more than its width, then find the
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
substitute x, y values in y = mx + 3 (10y + x) + (10x + y) = 66
5 = m(–2)+3 x + y = 6 → (1)
– 2m = 5 – 3 = 2 Difference of the digits = 2
x – y = 2 → (2)
2
m= = −1 x+y=6
m
−2
x–y=2
∴ m = –1 2x = 8
co
x=4
8 Marks Questions
Substitute the value of x in eq (1) or (2)
1. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 x–y=2
n.
and the ratio of their expenditures is 4 : 3. If 4–y=2⇒y=2
each of them manages to save Rs 2000 per ∴The number = 10 × 4 + 2 = 42
month, find their monthly income?
tio
There are only numbers possible ie 42 and 24.
Sol: Let the monthly income be Rs. x 3. Mary told her daughter seven years ago, I was
Monthly Expenditure be Rs. y seven Times as old as you were then also three
Ratio of incomes of two persons = 9 : 7
Income of first person = Rs. 9x
Income of second person = Rs. 7x
ca years from now, I shall be three times as old as
you will be find the present age of Mary and
her daughter.
Expenditure of first person = Rs. 4y
du
Sol: Let Mary’s present age be x years and her daugh-
Expenditure of second person = Rs. 3y ter’s age be y years.
Each one savings per month = Rs. 2,000 Then, seven years ago
As per problem Mary’s age was x – 7 and
ie
9x – 4y = 2000 → (1) Daughter’s age was y – 7
7x – 3y = 2000 → (2) As per problem
sh
x – 7 = 7 (y – 7)
(1) × 3 ⇒ 27x – 12y = 6000 x – 7y + 42 = 0 → (1)
(2) × 4 ⇒ 28x – 12y = 8000 Three years hence, Mary’s age will be x + 3 and
ak
– + – Daughter’s age will be y + 3
x= 2000 x + 3 = 3(y + 3)
Income of first person = 9 × 2000 = Rs. 18,000 x – 3y – 6 = 0 → (2)
.s
Income of second person = 7 × 2000 = Rs. 14,000. x – 7y = – 42
2. The sum of a two digit number and the num- x – 3y = 6
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ber obtained by reversing the digits is 66. If – + –
the digits of the number differ by 2, find the – 4y = – 48 ⇒ y = 12
number how many such numbers are there?
w
Substitute the value of y in (1) or (2)
Sol: Let the number in the units place = x x – 3y = 6
Ten’s place = y
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x – 36 = 6 ⇒ x = 42
∴The number = 10 y + x ∴ Mary’s present age is 42 years and
On reversing the digits = 10x + y her daughter’s age is 12 years.
According to the problem
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
4. Solve 2-x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0 by graphically. x
Sol: Let the fraction be
Given equations y
2-x + y – 6 = 0
If 1 is added to both numerator and denominator
y = – 2x + 6
fraction will be equal to 4
m
4x – 2y – 4 = 0
5
2y = 4x – 4
4x − 4 x +1 4
y= = 2x − 2 = , 5( x + 1) = 4( y + 1)
co
2 y +1 5
Plotting the points (0, 6), (1, 4), (2, 2), (3, 0) on 5x – 4y = – 1 → (1)
the graph paper, drawing a line passing through If 5 is subtracted from both numerator and denom-
n.
1
these points. We obtain the graph of 2x + y – 6 = 0 inator the fraction will be equal to
2
On the same graph paper plotting the points (0, x−5 1
= , 2( x − 5) = 1( y − 5)
tio
–2), (1, 0), (2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 6), drawing a line y −5 2
passing through these points. We obtain the graph 2x – y = 5 → (2)
of 4x + 2y – 4 = 0 (1) × 1 ⇒ 5x – 4y = –1
From the graph clearly, we know that the two lines
intersect point (2, 2)
Hence x = 2, y = 2 is the solution of the given
ca (2) × 4 ⇒ 8x – 4y = 20
– + –
–3x = – 21
du
system −21
x= =7
−3
Substitute x = 7 in eq (2), we get
ie
2 × 7 – y =5
y = 14 – 5 = 9
x 7
sh
∴ Required fraction = =
y 9
ak
6. Check whether the given pair of equations is con-
sistent 3x + 4y = 2 and 6x + 8y = 4. Verify by
graphical representation
3x + 4y – 2 = 0
.s
6x + 8y – 4 = 0
a1 3 1 b1 4 1 c1 − 2 1
w
= = , = = , = =
a2 6 2 b2 8 2 c2 − 4 2
a1 b1 c1
w
4 Since = = , therefore, they are
5. A fraction will be equal to , if 1 is added to a2 b2 c2
5
w
both numerator and denominator. If, however 5 is coincident lines. So, the pair of linear equations are
subtracted from both numerator and denominator consistent and have infinitely many solutions
the fraction will be equal to 1 . what is the fraction.
2
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
For the equation 3x+4y = 2 2x – 3y – 5 = 0
2 − 3x a1 4 b −6 c −15
x y= ( x, y ) = = 2, 1 = = 2, 1 = =3
4 a2 2 b2 −3 c2 −5
2 − 3(2) a1 b1 c1
2 y= − 1 (2, −1) Since = ≠ , therefore they are
m
4 a2 b2 c2
2 − 3(6)
6 y= = −4 (6, − 4) parallel lines. So the equations are inconsistent and
4
co
have no solution.
plotting the points (2, –1), (6, –4) 4x – 6y – 15 = 0
we obtain the graph of 4x – 15 = 6y
n.
3x + 4y = 2 4 x − 15
y=
For the equation 6x+8y = 4 6
tio
4 − 6x 4(0) −15 −15 −5
x y= ( x, y ) If x = 0, y = = = = −2.5,
8 6 6 2
4 − 6(2) (x, y) = (0, – 2.5)
2 y= = −1 (2, −1)
6 y=
8
8
4 − 6(6)
= −4 (6, −4)
ca
If x = 3, y =
4(3) − 15 12 − 15 −3
6
(x, y) = (3, – 0.5)
=
6
=
6
= − 0.5,
du
plotting the points (2, –1), (6, –4) Plotting the points (0, – 2.5), (3, – 0.5) and join
we obtain the graph of them. we get graph of 4x – 6y = 15
6x + 8y = 4 2x – 3y – 5 = 0
ie
From the graph clearly, we know that the two lines 2x – 5 = 3y
are coincident lines and they have infinite solu- 2x − 5
y=
sh
tions. 3
2(1) − 5 −3
If x = 1, y = = = −1,
3 3
ak
(x, y) = (1, –1)
2(4) − 5 3
If x = 4, y = = = 1,
3 3
.s
(x, y) = (4, 1)
Plotting the points (1, –1), (4, 1) and join them. we
w
get graph of 2x – 3y – 5 = 0
From the graph we know that the two lines are
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parallel
7. Check whether the system of equations 2x – 3y = ∴ 4x – 6y – 15 = 0, 2x – 3y – 5 = 0
w
5 and 4x – 6y = 15 are consistent. Also verify by have no solution
graphical representation.
Sol: 4x – 6y – 15 = 0
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PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES 3 10th Class - Mathematics
This number in the expanded is 10y + x
According to the given condition
9(10x + y) = 2(10y + x)
90x + 9y = 20y + 2x
m
90x – 2x + 9y – 20y = 0
88x – 11y = 0
co
11(8x – y) = 0
8x – y = 0
y = 8x – (1)
n.
8. The sum of the digits of a two digit number Also given that sum of the digits is 9
is 9. Also nine times this number is twice the x + y = 9 → (2)
tio
number obtained by reversing the order of substitute y = 8x in eq (2) we get
the digits. Find the number. x + 8x = 9
Sol: Let the ten's and the units digits in the first 9
number be x and y respectively. So, the first
number may be written as 10x + y
ca 9 x = 9, x = = 1
9
substitute x = 1 in eq (1) y = 8× 1 = 8
∴ Required number
du
When the digits are reversed, x becomes the
units digit and y becomes the ten's digit. = 10x + y = 10 × 1 + 8 = 18
ie
IMPORTANT BITS ● The age of a son is one-third of the age of his
father. If the present age of father is x years,
sh
then the age of the son after 10 years is ( )
● If the line y = px–2 passes through the point x x
(3, 2), then the value of P is ( ) 1) 3 − 10 2) 3 + 10
3 4
ak
1) 2) 3) 3 4) 4 x + 10 10
4 3 3) 4) x +
3 3
Ans: 2;
Ans: 2;
● If the pair of lines 2x+y+5=0 and 4x+2y
.s
● Solution for the equations √3x+√5y=0 and
+10=0 represent ____ lines ( )
√7x+√11y=0 is ( )
1) Coincident lines 2) Lines through origin
w
1) x=3, y=5 2) x=7, y=11
3) parallel lines 4) Intersecting lines 3) x=1, y=1 4) x=0, y=0
Ans: 4;
w
Ans: 1;
● A pair of linear equations in two variables are
● What value of 'K', the pair of equations 3x+4y+2=0
2x–y=4 and 4x–2y=6. This pair of equations are ( )
w
and 9x+12y+k=0 represent coincident lines ( )
1) Consistent equations 2) Dependent equations
1) 5 2) 6 3) –5 4) –6
3) Inconsistent equations 4) Cannot say
Ans: 2; Ans: 3;
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