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Hanoi -Vietnam
Conference Paper · November 2014
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Hanoi - Vietnam
Dominic
Introduction
China Location Terrain and rivers
Hanoi is the capital of Republic Socialist Vietnam. Hanoi has two main types of terrain is
Hanoi Located in the north of Vietnam, with an area of plain and hills. In plain which accounted
3,344 square kilometers including 12 urban for 75% of the natural area.
districts and 18 rural districts. Population Hanoi has a dense system of rivers and
6,448,837 people (2009). lakes. Especially the Red River flows
Laos
through the city with 163 km length.
Climate
Hanoi climate characterized by humid
subtropical, hot summers, rainy and
cold winters. A clear characteristic of
Hanoi's climate change and difference
of two seasons hot and cold. The hot
season lasts from May to September,
accompanied by heavy rainfall, average
temperature of 28.1 ° C. From
November to March the following year's
Cambodia
winter with an average temperature of
18.6 ° C. The city has all four seasons:
spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Each season, divided among three
months of the year.
Hanoi map boundaries (2013)
Vietnam national map
The history and origins formation
Early 19th century
The king built the palace in a high position
with a large area. Surrounding the palace is
the wall includes four gates east, west,
south and north. Outside the walls has the
moat defense system. Inside the walls is
the palace residence of the King,
landscaping and small commercial area.
King Ly Thai To From the 10th century to the late 18th
Source: http://lichsuvn.net
century, the city barely developed by
In history, Hanoi has been the dominant countries for more feudalism and the war between dynasties.
than 2000 years. Origins of Hanoi officially began in 1010 State of exploitation of people and hamper
when King Ly Thai To chosen this land as capital and commercial development (Papin 2001).
Structure of bastion
bastion built his empire on the right bank of the Red River, Source: http://lichsuvn.net
the origin of rice culture (Fanchette 2009). Wet rice agriculture
Paddy field Instruments of labor Rice
The history and origins formation
Landscape of King Nguyen
Source: Quang, NX
Paintings of the French Map of pre- colonial Hanoi
Source: http://tranthanhnhan1963c.blogspot.com.au/ Source: Tho, D.N et al 2002
The history and origins formation
19th century
At the end of the 19th century, the French dominated northern
Vietnam and settled in Hanoi. At the time in 1874, Hanoi's settlement
of a very small part of about 100,000 people. Structure of Hanoi is
simple, it is a combination of three separate components created
societies, including the castle of King Nguyen, a small commercial
area residents and rural areas around the wall castle (Logan 2000).
From outside the gate From inside the gate
Map of Hanoi, 1873 (Bach, D.P) South gate of Hanoi, 1984 - 1885 (Dr.Hocquard)
The history and origins formation
Hanoi in the late of 19th century
In determining the boundaries of the city, dividing the living area between
On 19-7-1888, Sadi Carnot, President of France, signed a decree to the Europeans and the natives, demolished mud-walled cottage in the
establish Hanoi. By 1902, Hanoi became the capital of the federal center, construction of roads, drainage, electricity lines and planning street
Indochina. With the French plan, the city gradually get a new face. grid networking, chessboard, the French were quickly turned from a
Accumulation of time Nguyen was shut down gradually, since 1897 menstrual Hanoi abandoned a city on the European style 1.220ha area,
as the break finished (Papin 2001). then growing in depth with of the detailed planning, feasibility and excellent
work (Parenteau & Champagne 1994).
Planning map of Hanoi Planning map of Hanoi
Source: http://seatimes.com.vn/ Source: http://thegioif5.com/
The history and origins formation
Hanoi in the first half When the French
of the 20th century capital to Hanoi on a lot
more, cinemas,
theaters, hotels ...
gradually emerging, the
city also changed to
match the new strata.
1921, the city has
about 4,000 Europeans
and 100,000 natives
(Wright 1991).
South gate of Hanoi Hang Dao Street
Source: http://tienphong.vn/ Source: http://tienphong.vn/
Long Bien Bridge Opera House
Source: http://tienphong.vn/ Source: http://tienphong.vn/
The history and origins formation
Dong Xuan Market Trams System
Source: http://tienphong.vn/ Source: http://tienphong.vn/
Hotel Hanoi Station
Source: http://tienphong.vn/ Source: http://tienphong.vn/
The history and origins formation
Hanoi in the late of 20th century
September 2, 1945 Vietnam became independent countries.
However, Hanoi has happened in consecutive wars until 1975.
That was because the return of the French and intend to invade
the territory of the United States, Japan and China. This leads to
the city of Hanoi continued to be devastated by 30 years of war.
However, in reality many planned projects have not been
officially approved, but a number of industrial clusters, some
offices of schools and hospitals were built. Experts socialist
countries helped the planning of urban construction. During this
period the war rages on established planning should be done
only in part, but which also aware that the construction of urban
planning is indispensable and the implementation of planned
construction under difficult. The population has grown to reach a
million people (Logan 1994).
Planning Map of Hanoi, 1940 (Bach, D.P) Bach Mai Hospital Kham Thien Street
Source: http://tienphong.vn/ Source: http://tienphong.vn/
The history and origins formation
By 1975, Vietnam was completely independent and Hanoi
began to rebuild the city while maintaining form of urban
planning in European style of the French. In the period from
1975 to 2000, Hanoi planning has made significant changes by
the policies of national development. That's territorial expansion
added 3,000 km square for urban development (Rossi 2002).
The economy's shift from agriculture to the development of key
industries and business services.
Planning Map of Hanoi, 1990 (My, N)
After a series of innovation policy of the government during the 1990s,
and in the suburbs gradually urbanized, Hanoi's population increased
steadily, reached 2,672,122 people in 1999. Population growth rate
reached 3% annually (Ledent 2002). After the subsidy period, from the
late 1990s, economic growth leads to the suburban areas of Hanoi
rapidly urbanized. These buildings springing up in the inner areas and
industrial centers were built in the suburban districts. The development
also entails consequences. The population density is so high that the
Trang Tien Street, 1975 inner population living under cramped conditions and lack of facilities.
The history and origins formation
Hanoi early years of
the 21st century
Population is a major problem in Hanoi, caused by the
high speed of urbanization. Control policy of the
government in Hanoi is the center of politics, culture,
education, health and recreation. This makes the
Housing
migration from rural areas increased sharply and Source: http://tienphong.vn/
uncontrollably.
But the rapid population growth and urbanization
process lacks good planning makes Hanoi became
overcrowded, pollution and traffic congestion inner
regular. Many architectural heritage are disappearing,
replaced by the tube houses on the street clutter. Hanoi
is also a city with uneven development between regions
and between urban districts and rural districts, many
people still do not have the basic living conditions. In
addition, Hanoi was one of the most polluted cities in
Asia and is the most polluted cities in Southeast Asia, a
high dust content here many times the permitted level
Collective apartment building
Source: http://tienphong.vn/
The history and origins formation
Hanoi during the crisis by the population explosion,
urban planning asynchronous and unsustainable.
System infrastructure weaknesses still use French
colonial rule. However, the high-rise buildings being
built massively. Transportation system can not meet the
needs of the people, along with the overload of
personal transport and a lack of public transport modes
(Tana 1996). The industrial park has been relocated Trafic
outside the city, but also a significant impact to the city.
All these reasons lead to Hanoi as a large construction
site. It is a strong threat to environmental pollution and Construction
quality of life of people in urban areas.
household waste
Industrial park Water Deforestation
The history and origins formation
Hanoi – City of Peace
In 2010, the government approved a planning of the capital
Hanoi in 2030 with a vision towards 2050 for a city of 9.1 million
people by 2030 and around 10 million people in 2050.
Urbanization and urban development must meet the goals of
economic development, social towards industrialization and
modernization, population distribution and sustainable harmony.
Hanoi is the center of economic growth, promote development
of the region through the expansion and spread of economic
activities, urbanization around the provincial capital. In contrast,
this region provides food for Hanoi, labor, land development
fund for functional areas linked nature and function of the share
Link between Hanoi with neighborhood
Planning Map of Hanoi, 2030
Source: Ministry of Construction Source: Ministry of Construction
The history and origins formation
Hanoi – City of Peace
Urban nature
• It is the administrative center - the country's politics.
• As the cultural center of science and technology and the
importance of education in the country.
• As the economic center - commercial services and Asia -
Pacific.
Vision
Construction and Development Hanoi sustainable development
environment, balancing conservation and development,
sustainable Development based knowledge economy
Construction of new urban areas
The main objective of the planning
• Enhance the role and position, the competitiveness of Hanoi, the
capital city worthy of a country of over 100 million people,
sustainable development and integration with the world economy.
• Construction photos of Hanoi, a city of history, culture and
traditions, landscapes, architecture specific, development and
conservation of the unique characteristics of Hanoi.
• Orientation, perform deployment of policies, strategies of
economic development, culture, society, security defense of the
National and Capital.
• Develop a model of urban administration, autonomy and
decentralization for urban reasonable under to create dynamic
urban management and investment attraction.
Heritage conservation
The history and origins formation
Hanoi – City of Peace
Modern intersections
Hanoi street
Conclusion
In conclusion, the process of formation and development of the city of Hanoi
has undergone thousands of years and many wars. Hanoi Planning driven by
many factors, such as the transition between political feudalism, colonial and
socialist. Economic poverty and the ravages of war in history. However,
nowadays due to integration with the world economy should have strong
growth. The population growth brings abundant labor resources. The
government has the right awareness and need for urban planning,
Shopping mall environmental protection Hanoi to guide sustainable development in the future.
Reference
Fanchette, S. 2009. Conservation of Traditional Villages: The Necessities in Urban Planning Projects in Hà Nội.
International Workshop on Hanoi: A Livable City for All, Hanoi, July 1-2, 2009.
Kim, A. M. 2009. The role of Decentralization and Discourse in Land Compensation Changes in Transitional
Vietnam. Property & Property Rights in Vietnam, Harvard University, May 23- 24, 2009.
Ledent, J. 2002. La population: évolution passée et développement futur. Hanoi: enjeux modernes d'une ville
millénaire. Charbonneau, F. and D. Hau (eds). Montréal, Trames: 64- 86.
Logan, W. S. 1994. Hanoi townscape: symbolic imagery in Vietnam's capital. Cultural Identity and urban change in
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