COURSE CODE : CDI - 8

COURSE TITLE : DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

COURSE DESCRIPTION :

This course studies the drug abuse prevention and education program of

the government that includes recognition, nature and extent of drug problems, causes and
influences of drug abuse, origin, identification and classification of

commonly abused drugs, prohibited and regulated drugs and symptoms of drug

abuse. This course also includes preventive drug abuse education and

information program in schools and communities; and treatment and

rehabilitation program for drug dependents.

Instructor

Student

PRELIM COVERAGE

TERMS TO PONDER IN THE STUDY OF DRUG ABUSE

Administer. The act of introducing any dangerous into the body of any person

with or without his knowledge.

Chemical. It is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the

mind and the body work.

Chemical Abuse. It is an instance when the use of chemical has produced

negative or harmful consequences.

Cultivate. It means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or permitting

the planting, growing, raising of any plant which is the source of a prohibited drugs.

Drug. Traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the

making of medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse.

Drugs. In its criminological meaning, refers to substance, other than food and

water that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining

or controlling recipient’s physical, mental or emotional state.

Drug Abuse. It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.

Drug Addiction. It refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced

by the repeated consumption of a drug.

Drug Dependence. It refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or

both on dangerous drugs following the administration or use of that drug. Who defines

it as the periodic, continuous, repeated administration of a drug.

Drug Experimenter. One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic

substances for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or other similar reasons.

Drug Syndicate. It is a network of illegal drug operations operated and manned

carefully by groups of criminals who knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for

personal or group profit.

Manufacture. The production, preparation, compounding or processing a

dangerous drug either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural

origin or by chemical synthesis.

Narcotic Drug. It refers to illegal used drugs or dangerous drugs which are either

prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor and

relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. The tern

Narcotic comes from the Greek word “Narcotikos” . It is sometimes known as “Opiates”.
Physical Dependence. It is an adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that

reveals it self by development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped

(Withdrawal syndrome).

Psychological Dependence. It is an attachment to drug use which arises from a

drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality needs of an individual.

Pusher. Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute, transport any
dangerous drug.

Rehabilitation. It is a dynamic process directed towards the changes of the

health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and

making him law abiding and productive member of the community without abusing

drugs.

Tolerance. It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same

effect in the body.

Treatment. It is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of his total condition related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological

and psychosocial complications arising from drug abuse.

Use. The act of injecting, consuming any dangerous drugs. The means of

introducing the dangerous drug into the physiological system of the body.

WHAT ARE DRUGS

A drug, as defined, is a substance used as a medicine or in making medicines, which affects

the body and mind and have potential for abuse. Without an advice or prescription from a physician,
drugs can be harmful.

Hundreds of pure chemicals have been developed from plants and put into pills, capsules or
liquid medicines.

There are also two forms of Drugs;

1. Natural Drugs – include natural plant leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashis, opium and
marijuana.

2. Synthetic/Artificial Drugs – are produced by clandestine laboratories which

include those drugs that are controlled by law because they are used in the

medical practice. Physician prescribed them and are purchased in the

legitimate outlets like drugstores.

 Drugs also help the human body and mind to function better during an illness. But drugs
have to taken correctly in order to do these things. The wrong drug or the

wrong amount of the right one can make an illness, worse, destroy blood cells, damage

the body and many cause death. For this reason, most drugs can be legally purchased

only with doctor’s written order called prescription. Only a medical doctor can

prescribed drugs. These prescribed drugs could be dangerous and must be used with

care and according to the doctor’s prescription.

The Prescriptive Drugs

These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase. They are
prescribed according to the individual’s age, weight and height and should not

be taken by anyone else. It is a personal requirement and self-medication that should be

strictly avoided. The pharmacist should never allow the consumer to request them

knowingly without first consulting a doctor.

The Over- the-Counter Drugs (OTC)

The OTC drugs are non-prescription medicines, which may be purchased FROM

ANY PHARMACY OR DRUGSTORE WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION FROM A

DOCTOR. They are use to treat minor and short term illnesses and any persistent

condition should be immediately referred to a physician. It should be strongly

emphasized that “directions” be closely followed and all precautions necessarily taken

to avoid complications.

OTC drugs are used for the prevention and symptomatic relief of minor

ailments. The precautions that must be observed when dispensing OTC’s are the

following:

1. The correct drug with the correct drug content is given to the correct patient in

the correct dosage form;

2. The pharmacist must counsel the patient to make sure that he/she takes the

drugs correctly; and

3. The pharmacist must be aware of and know about the possible toxicity’s

possessed by the OTC drugs to avoid food/drug incompatibilities and overdoses.

OTCs must be used properly in order to:

1. Avoid the dispensing of OTC to known identified habitual drug users.

2. Avoid complications, this is done by inquiring from the buyer of the drugs as to

the identity of the patient, the patient’s age and other information such as

pregnancy, hypertension, etc. and

3. Counseling the patient so as to avoid the “Self –medication” syndrome by

inquiring about the buyer’s source of information about the drug.

What is “ Self-Medication Syndrome”

The “Self-Medication” syndrome is found in users and would be users of drugs

whose source of information are people or literature other than doctors, pharmacists

and health workers. These could be members of the family, relatives, and /or neighbors, all of whom
may have previously used the drug for their specific diseases, or disorder. Self-medication may work
against the good of the user because it can be lead to intoxication and other adverse reactions.

The Possible outcomes of self-medication are:

1. Adverse reaction towards the drug, such as allergies which may be mild or severe.

2. Possible non-response of the patient to the drug effectively due to incorrect drug

usage.

3. Possible drug toxicities, through overdose which may lead to severe reactions

such as nausea, vomiting, rashes, etc.

4. Possible habit-forming characteristics due to periodic use of the drug even when

such are no longer needed.

THE PHYSIOLOGIGY OF DRUGS

How Drug Works?

Most drugs act within a cell, rather than on the surface of a cell or in the extra- cellular fluids
of the body. Similar to normal body chemicals, a drug enters a cell and

participates in a few steps of the normal sequence of a cellular process. Thus, drugs

may later, interfere with or replace chemicals of normal cellular life, hopefully for the

betterment of the person. The actual action of a particular drug depends on its chemical

make-up.
 When two drugs are taken together or within a few hours of each other they may

interact with unexpected results. This is one reason a physician should always know the

names of all drugs one is using. A dose of drug ids the amount taken at one time. The

doses taken become an extremely important part of drug abuse. The amount of drug in

a dose can be described as:

1. Minimal Dose – the amount needed to treat or heal, that is the smallest

amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.

2. Maximal Dose – the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired

therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.

3. Toxic Dose – the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or

symptoms of poisoning.

4. Abuse Dose – the amount needed to produce to produce the side effects and

action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.

5. Lethal Dose – the amount of drug that will cause death.

How Drugs are Administered ?

The common methods of drug administration are as follows:

1. Oral – this is the smallest most convenient and economical route whenever

possible. There are however, drugs which cannot be administered this way

because the digestive juices readily destroy them or because they irritate the

mucous lining of the gastro-intestinal tract AND INDUCE VOMITING.

2. Injection – this is form of drug administration offers a faster response than

the oral method. It makes use of a needle or other device to deliver the drugs

directly into the body tissue and blood circulation.

3. Inhalation – this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs which are

inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the mucous membrane.

4. Iontophoresis – the introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin by

the use of special type of electric current for local effect.

What is Toxicology?

Toxicology is commonly known as the science of poisons, their effects and

antidotes. In connection, drugs may cause dangerous effects because of any of the

following:

1. Overdose – when too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of

the human body, there may be an over extension of its effects.

2. Allergy – some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic

symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure, suffocation and

death.

3. Idiosyncrasy – it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food etc. for

unexplained reasons. Morphine for example, which sedates all men, stimulates

and renders some women maniacal behaviors.

4. Poisonous Property – drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property

of being general protoplasmic poisons.

5. Side Effects – some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other

organs as well. The effect in the other organs may constitute a side effect, which

are most of the time unwanted.

Importance of Drugs

Drugs are medicine and the best use of medicine depends upon the physician, the user of patient,
and the pharmacist. This idea was subscribed to by both Metro

Manila Physicians (PNC Health Education Survey, 1983) and the Pharmaceutical

Manufacturer’s Association of Washington, D.C. ( U.P., MEC, DDB 1979). Their common

agreements on the intelligent use of drugs are presented as follows:

1. Take medicines on doctor’s advice. In prescribing medicine, the doctor considers

factors like age and weight, prevalent of laboratory signs and symptoms, severity

of the disease, results of laboratory examinations, route of administration

tolerated by patient, and presence of impairment in the organ or system. The

physician has always a reason for his orders.

2. When taking prescribed medicines, remember carefully the dosage, manner of

administration, frequency and time when to take it. Patient must not trust his

memory when taking medicine. The label of the medicine should be read three
times- once when medicine is remove from cabinet, again before medicine is

taken and a third time after it is taken. Medicine should not be taken in the dark

even if patient knows its location.

3. If patient goes to more than one doctor, each one of them must know about all

the drugs being taken.

4. Avoid self-medication. Patient should not try to guess what is wrong with him or

to select his own medicines even if his symptoms seem to be familiar to those of

his neighbors.

5. Report any untoward effects of medicine to the physician. After taking medicine, tell the doctor if
any symptoms develop.

6. Patient should not take additional drugs without asking his physician.

7. See whether the medicine has expired or not.

8. Be sure that the label stays on a prescription container until all is used.

9. Store medicine in a safe, cool and dry place and out of reach of children.

10.Some people just purchase and use common drugs without knowing their

functions and contradictions. Thus, instead of being relieved of some symptoms, their conditions are
aggravated. Physicians share the same opinion that the

following drugs are better used under medical supervision to avoid harmful

consequences and habit formation.

What are the Medical Uses of Drugs?

The following are some of the many medical uses of drugs:

1. Analgesics – are drugs that relieve pain. However, they may produce the

opposite effects on somebody who suffers from peptic ulcer or gastric irritation.

2. Antibiotics – are drugs that combat or control infectious organisms. Ingesting

the same antibiotics for a long time can result in allergic reactions and cause

resistance to the drug.

3. Antipyretics – those that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.

4. Antihistamines – those that control or combat allergic reactions. People who on

antihistamine therapy must not operate or drive vehicles since these drugs can

cause drowsiness.

5. Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell
or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells. Pregnant women must not take

birth control pills to avoid congenital abnormalities. This advice also applies to

women suffering from heart disease, varicose veins, breast limps, goiter and

anemia. The effectiveness of oral contraceptives may be reduced when taken

with antibiotic.

6. Decongestants – those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages. Prolonged

used of these decongestants might include nasal congestion upon withdrawal.

7. Expectorants – those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the

lungs and the throat. They are not drugs of choice for the newborn that not know

to cough the phlegm out.

8. Laxatives – those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement. They should not
given to pregnant women and those suffering from intestinal

obstruction. Taking purgatives (Stronger than laxatives) unnecessary might

result in rupture of the intestine or appendix if there is an obstruction. Consultant

use might make the intestine sluggish.

9. Sedative and Tranquilizers – are those that can calm and quite the nerves and

relieve anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind. Precautions

must be taken in the use of tranquilizers since they can cause impairment of

judgment and dexterity.

10. Vitamins – those substances necessary for normal growth and development and

proper functioning of the body. A person who eats a balanced diet does not need

supplements. If they are found necessary, vitamin preparations should be taken

with meals. Vitamins should be treated as drugs since the body does not

manufacture them. Excessive dosage of Vitamins A and D can be dangerous and

harmful to health. Excess of Vitamin D can lead to nausea, diarrhea, and weight

loss, calcification and heart and kidney troubles. Too much vitamin A might

result in symptoms of a disease of the liver.

THE DANGEROUS DRUGS IDENTITIES

Dangerous drugs refer to the categories or classes of controlled substances are

generally grouped according to pharmacological classifications, effects and as to their

legal criteria.

Under the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law in the Philippines (RA 9165), dangerous
drugs includes those listed in the schedules annexed to the 1961 Single

Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the schedules

annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Art 1, Sec 3). As

an example: MMDA – Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (known as Ecstacy), Tetrahydrocannabinol

(MJ); Mescaline (Peyote).

GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION

A. According to Effects, the dangerous drugs are classified as:

1. Depressants – are grouped of drugs that has the effect of depressing the

Central Nervous System.

2. Stimulants – are group of drugs having the effects of stimulating the Central

Nervous system.

3. Hallucinogens – refers to the group of drugs that are considered to be mind

altering drugs and give the general effect of mood distortion.

B. According to Medical Pharmacology, dangerous drugs are classified as :

1. STIMULANT – it is a psychoactive drug which induces temporary improvements in

either mental or physical function or both. It is also known as UPPERS that

affects the central nervous system. Its possible results are alertness, wakefulness, locomotion, and
excitation.

a) METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (SHABU) – stimulates and alerts

the body. It is referred to as POOR MAN’S COCAINE because it is cheap.

- It is the first synthetic stimulant drug developed by the Japanese, originally

called as KAKUZEIZAI, a Japanese term which means KAKUZEI “waking” and ZAI “drugs”.

- It is white colorless drug that is bitter and results into a numb ling face.

- It is can be inhaled, injected, or orally taken – intravenously or muscular

  Immediate Effects:

1) Produces anxiety, irritability, irrational behavior, talkativeness and loss

of self-control

2) Loss of appetite and inability to sleep

3) Produces violent and destructive behavior and recklessness

4) Produces chest pain, irregularity of heart beat and hypertension

 Long Term Effects:

1) Psychosis

2) Convulsion

3) Death from cardiac arrest

b) COCAINE – it is odorless white crystalline powder also known as COKE, SNOW, FLAKE, WHITE,
BLOW, NOSE, CANDY, SNOWBIRD, LADY

and BIG C.

- most popularly known as KING’S HABIT because it is expensive.

- It has been structured in 1814 from Brazilian Coca Leaves –

Erythroxylon Coca that is medically used in tropical, local and anesthetic.

- When ingested, the person becomes high for 15-30 minutes. – When injected, the person
becomes high for 45-90 minutes

- It can be also applied to sex organ during sexual intercourse.

 Kinds of Cocaine

1) Cocaine Hydrochloric – it is an odorless fine white crystalline that is most readily available formed
which is medically used as anesthetic.

2) Street or Rock – it is the large pieces of cocaine hydrochloride.

3) Free Base – it is the purified substance of rocks that is strongly addictive cocaine.

4) Coca Paste – it is a crude product smoke used in South America, considered

as the most dangerous drug because it has contaminants such as kerosene.

 Immediate Effects:

1) Dilated pupils

2) Elevated blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature

3) Euphoric effect or light feeling

4) Feeling of being energetic and alert

5) Loss of appetite and slurred speech

 Long term Effects:

1) Psychosis

2) Lung damage

3) Occasional or runny nose

4) Ulcerate the mucous membrane of the nose

5) Confusion

c) METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE (MDMA) – it is a designer drug, also known as ECSTACY,

PARTY DRUG or X.  Immediate Effects:

1) Euphoria

2) Feeling energetic and hyperactive

3) Sense of well being

 Long Term Effects:

1) Brain damages

2) Hard complication

3) Death

D) Caffeine - it is p[resent in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some wake- up pills.

E) Nicotine - an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulants of the central
nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person.

2. DEPRESSANTS – it depresses and weakens the body. It is also known as

DOWNERS, HYPNOTIC DRUG and SEDATIVES that affects the central nervous

system.

a) BARBITURATES - 1863 Adolph Von Baeyer synthesized malonyl carbonide

known as BARBITUTIC ACID - 1903 Emil Fisher and Joseph Bon

Mering synthesized di-ethyl barbituric acid compound with hypnotic

qualities known as BARBITONE that comes form eurea and malonic

acid that is marketed on the trade name of VERONAL that comes in the

form of tablet and capsule.

 Commonly Abused Barbiturates:

1) Pento Barbital Sodium – it is a solid yellow capsule form known by

abusers as YELLOW JACKETS or NIMIES.

2) Seco Barbital Sodium – it is a red capsule form known by abusers as

REDS, RED BIRDS, RED DEVIL and SEGGY.

3) Amo Barbital Sodium – it is a blue capsule form known by abusers as

BLUE BIRDS, BLUE DEVIL and BLUE HEAVENS.

4) Amo Barbital Sodium combined with Seco Barbital Sodium – it is red

and blue capsule form known as RAINBOWS, RED & BLUE and DOUBLE TROUBLE.

 Symptoms of Abuse:

1) Drunkenness without alcoholic threats

2) Slurred speech

3) Impaired judgment

4) Stagery

5) Altered perception and coordination

 Immediate Effects:

1) Psychological and physical dependence

2) Unconsciousness

3) Tuberculosis

4) Death from withdrawal and overdose b) METAQUALONE – known as

TABLET or MAX and CAPSULE or BLUE. - It is used to induce sleep which is bitter

in taste and odorless that is taken orally.

 Local Terms:

1) Korta;

2) Ekis

3) Kulit
4) Pety

5) Yanga

 Symptoms of Abuse:

1) Drunkenness without alcoholic threats

2) Cloudy thinking

11

3) Staggering

4) Loss of appetite

5) Numbness of body

 Immediate Effects:

1) Psychological dependence

2) Proneness to accident due to intoxicant

3. HALLUCINOGENS – it affects the way we think, the sensation, self-awareness and

emotions that causes hallucination and delusions to the person taking drugs. It is also

known as PSYCHEDELICS and DISSOCIATIVES that affects the central nervous system.

a) MARIJUANA – most popularly known as 5 FINGERS, GRASS, TUNGKI, GANJA, BHANG, DAMO,
MARY JANE, ACAPULCO GOLD

- All parts of the plants whether growing or not the seeds thereof, the resin

extracted from any parts of such plant every compound salt derivative, mixture or

preparation of such plant.

- It scientific name is Cannabis Sativa Linn

 Major Components:

1) Tetra Hydro Cannabenol – it is purple and most active alkaloid and one

causing hallucinogenic effect.

2) Cannabenol – it is red and physiologically inactive.

3) Cannabidiol – it is pink and physiologically inactive.

 Forms of Marijuana
1) Marijuana Joints or Cigarettes – came from dried leaves, tops and most

available form of marijuana.

2) Hashish or Hash – it is the resin extracted of the plant usually granular or

solid chunky in form ranging from mustardy yellow to dark brown. It is stronger than

crude marijuana and maybe smoked or eaten.

3) Hashish Oil – it is the highest form of marijuana that is not usually available

because it is expensive. Is it brown in color and considered as concentrated cannabis.

 Immediate Effects:

1) Faster heartbeat and pulse rate

2) Blood shut eyes

3) Dry mouth and throat

4) Altered sense of time and disorientation

5) Forgetfulness

6) Inability for coordination and lower reflexes

 Long Term Effects:

1) Chest pain

2) Irregularity of menstrual cycle

3) Temporary loss of fertility of both sexes

4) Premature babies and low birth weights

5) Cancer of the lungs

b) LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD) – it is the most powerful of all hallucinogens

that is 100 times stronger than cocaine or peyote. It came from the Rye Ergot or cereal

fungus that is odorless, colorless, tasteless organic compound.

- It became popular during 60’s – 70’s as the height of the hippies culture.

- It can be orally injected or liquid drop in the eyes.

 Immediate Effects:
1) Cause hallucinations and trans-like stage

2) Dilated pupils, elevated temperature and tremors

3) Increase in blood pressure and heart rate

4) Sweating, chills and trembling of hands

5) Distortion of perception

 Long Term Effects:

1) Psychological dependence

2) Psychosis

3) Promosumal damage

c) MESCALINE – trimethoxyphenethyiomine

- It is the primary ingredients of peyote cactus in plants known as as Lophophora

William Si in US and Mexico.

- Also known as BUTTONS, CACTUS, MESC

- Used by American Indians in inter-religious ceremonies.

- When it is consumed in 350 – 500mg, it will produce delusion and hallucination

for 5-12 hours.

- Can be ingested or taken orally, chewed or placed in capsule and even brewed

in tea.

 Immediate Effect:

1) Induces sense of well being

2) Visions in color

3) Hallucination or trans-like

 Long Term Effects:

1) Psychological dependence

d) PSILOCYN and PSILOCYBIN – came from Mexico PSILOCYBE mushroom. - Known as MAJIC
MUSHROOM that is use in Indian rites for centuries
- Usually chewed and swallowed

- When consumed with 4-8 mg, it will last for 4-6 hours

 Immediate Effect:

4) Induces sense of well being

5) Visions in color

6) Hallucination or trans-like

 Long Term Effects:

2) Psychological dependence

e) KETAMINE – its chemical name is KETAMINE HYDROCHOLORIDE

- Its common name are SPECIAL K or K

- Use as human anesthetics

- It is used as general anesthetic for children, people of poor health and

veterinary medicine. - It is a liquid bought in pharmacy that is cooked into a powder or snorting. -
Lower dosage will cause mild creamy feeling of numbness and extremities

- High dosage will produce hallucinogenic effect and may cause the user very far

from his body. - The experience will be called entering “K” hole - If snorted, effects comes to 5- 10
minutes - If injected intramuscular, effects comes in 4 minutes, it can never be

injected to the vein. - If ingested, can be feel within 10-20 minutes

f) MORNING GLORY KEEPERS or SEEDS – commonly abuse because of its

hallucinogenic effect that caused behavioral changes having an active principal

component of the seeds closely related with LSD.

4. NARCOTICS – a drug that produces insensibility, stupor and produces sleep due to

depressant effect.

a) OPIUM – derived from the plant opium poppy with botanical name PAPAVER
SOMNIFERUM

- Also called as PARIGORIC, DOVER’S POWDER, PAREPECTULIN - The word

“papaver” comes from the Greek means “poppy”

- The word “somniferum” comes from the Latin means “dream or induce sleep”

- It is called as the plant of joy

- It grows from 3-6 ft, roots and flowers of different colors

- Greek physician Hippocrates prescribed juice of opium poppy as a treatment for

sickness as early of 500 BC

- It can be smoked or eaten - Opium is obtained by incision or cutting of blunt

instrument either vertically or horizontally which allows the milky juice to

seep from the plant.

- Thee refined opium will turn into morphine.

b) MORPHINE – it is a derivative from opium, most commonl;y used and best used

opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times potent than opium, with a high dependence

producing potential. Morphine exerts action characterized by analgesia, drowsiness, mood changes,
and mental clouding. - It is a raw opium named after Mopphius (Greek)

- Referred to as a dream for sleep

- Also called as PECTORAL SYRUP and SWEET MORPHEOUS - It can be

injected taken orally and even smoked

- 10 kg of raw opium will produced 1kg of morphine

- Small dosage will cause euphoria and tolerance rapidly

c) HEROINE – it is another derivative from opium, is three to five times more powerful

than morphine from which is derived and the most addicting opium derivative with

continued use, addiction occurs within 14 days. - Referred to as the strongest of all opium derivatives
because it is sensitized

from morphine

- Derived from the word HERO

- It suggest courage, daring and impressive power

- Its chemical name is diacetyl morphine also known as smack, horse, brown

sugar, junk, mud, bid H, Hab Tar

- It can be injected, inhaled through nasal passage or smoke

d) CODEINE – it is a synthetic drug

- Another opium derived from morphine that is intended to cure morphine heroine

opium addicts

- It is widely use using to cup syrup a day - It can be taken orally or injected

e) METADONE or DEMORAL – it is known as DOLLY, DOLOPHINE, METHADOSE, AMIDONE

- It is a synthetic opiates which synthesized medically to reduce heroin addiction

- It is the most commonly abuse by hard core addicts

5. TRANQUILIZERS – it has the ability to sedate or calm without producing sleep also

known as SEDATIVES that affects the central nervous system. a) PHENOTHIAZINES and RESERPHINE –
it is considered as a potent

tranquilizer but it does not cause dependency. It is also anti-psychotic and a feeling

being relief. b) MOPROBOMATE and CHLODIAZEPOXIDE – it is a minor tranquilizer and

chronic abuse will lead to psychic and physical dependence

6. SOLVENTS – it produces intoxication also known as DELIRIANTS.

a) GLUE – produce dizziness, stupor, vomiting and unconsciousness

b) LIGHTER FLUID – induce euphoria

c) GASOLINE – it is more toxic than lighter fluid but effects are the same

d) ETHER – it is the distilled or diluted alcohol and highly flammable. It is also

difficult for users to obtained, produces symptoms of euphoria

C. According to Legal Categories ( In accordance to R.A. 6425). Pursuant to

Republic Act No 6425, the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, the dangerous drugs

are classified as:

1. Prohibited Drugs

a. Narcotics – refers to the group of the drug opium and its derivatives,

Morphine, Heroin, Codeine, etc. including synthetic opiates.

b. Stimulants – refers to the group of the drug Cocaine, Alpha and Beta

Eucaine, etc.

c. Hallucinogens – refers to the group of drugs like Marijuana, LSD (lysergic

acid diethylamide) mescaline, etc.

2. Regulated Drugs

a. Barbiturates – refers to the group of depressants drug known as “Veronal”

like luminal, Amytal, Nembutal, Surital, Butisol, Penthontal, Seconal, etc.

b. Hypnotics – are group of drugs such as Mandrax, Quaalude, Fadormir, and

others.

c. Amphetamines – are group of stimulant drugs like Benzedrine, Dexedrine, Methedrine, Preludin,
etc.

3. Volatile Substance (P.D. 1619)

The group of liquid, solid or mixed substances having the property of

releasing toxic vapors or fumes which when sniffed, smelled, inhaled or

introduced into the physiological system of the body produces or induces

a condition of intoxication, excitement or dulling of the brain or nervous

system. Examples of these drugs are Glue, Gasoline, Kerosene, ether, Paint, Thinner, Lacquer, etc.

Note : The passage of Republic Act 9165, Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Law

declassified the above to include their essential ingredients and precursors or chemical

elements.

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