Analog Electronics

Practice Questions

1) A load requires a constant current of 5mA and the voltage across the load can range from 0V
to 12V. An op-amp-based current source circuit as shown in Fig. 1. , needs to be used for this
purpose. If the op-amp can provide rail-to-rail output voltages. Determine the values of Vin
and R to operate the circuit.

Fig. 1.
𝑽
𝒊𝒏
Ans(Vin<3V, R=𝟓𝒎𝑨 )

2) a) Whether the circuit shown in Fig. 2 will work as a current source for the load or not? If not
then state the reason and suggest necessary changes required to make the circuit work as a
current source.
b) If the load requires a constant current of 10mA and it’s operating voltage can range from
0V to 10V then choose values of R2 and R3 and assume 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑠𝑎𝑡 for BJTs =1V.

Fig.2
Ans(R2=40kΩ, R3=400Ω)
3) a) For the circuit shown in Fig.3 , what should be the range of load resistance RL if the Op-
Amp can supply a max output current of 10mA ?
b) What will be the output voltage for the given circuit if Vin = -2.5V and why?

Fig. 3
Ans((a)330Ω<RL, b)0V)

4) A voltage regulator circuit needs to be designed as shown in Fig. 4 which provides a

regulated output voltage of 12V. The input voltage to circuit varies from 24V to 30V.
A Zener diode of VZ =3.3V is used for providing the control voltage.
a) Determine the values of R1 & R2 such that Vout =12V and not more than 4mW of power
is dissipated across the series combination of R1 & R2.
b) If the Zener diode can dissipate max 50mW of power then determine the min. value of
RZ for the given circuit.
c) For a max. load current of 2A , determine the max. power loss in transistor Q1.

Fig. 4

Ans((a)R2=9.9kΩ,R3=26.1kΩ b)1.76kΩc)36W)
5) A circuit is shown in Fig. 5 which is to be used to measure the current flowing through the
10mΩ shunt resistor. Determine the values of R3 & R4 such that the circuit gives an output
voltage =100mV when 1A of current flows through the shunt.

Fig. 5

Ans(R3=100kΩ,R4=100kΩ)

6) For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, if the input voltage is as shown below then find out the
voltage gain of this circuit and draw the waveform of the output voltage for the given input.

Fig. 6 Ans(Gain=-0.468V/V)
7) For the circuit shown in Fig. 7, find out the values of R1, R2 , R3 & R4 such that

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 0.5𝑉1 + 0.1𝑉2 + 2.5𝑉3 + 1.25𝑉4 = 0

Fig. 7
Ans(R1=44kΩ,R2=220kΩ,R3=8.8kΩ,R4=17.6kΩ)

8) a) For the circuit shown in Fig. 8 , what will be the output voltage and why?
b) Find the output voltage if the positions of R1 & R2 are swapped in the circuit.

Fig. 8

Ans( a)15V b)4V)

 𝑅1
9) Determine the ratio 𝑅2
if it is required that the upper threshold voltage 𝑉𝑈𝑇 = 0.6𝑉 and
lower threshold voltage 𝑉𝐿𝑇 = −0.6𝑉 for the Schmitt trigger circuit shown in Fig. 9

𝑹𝟏 𝟏
Fig. 9 Ans( = )
𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟗

10) For the circuit shown in Fig. 10 , find out the relation between Vout and Vin . Also draw the
output voltage waveform for the given Vin.

𝟏
Fig. 10 Ans(𝐕𝐨𝐮𝐭 = − 𝐑𝐂 ∫ 𝐕𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐭)
11) Considering silicon-based diodes for the two circuits shown in Fig. 11 , draw the output
voltage waveforms for both of them if the input voltage has a waveform as shown. Is there
any difference between the output voltages of both the circuits?

Fig. 11

12) Find out the relation between Vout and Vin for the circuit shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12
𝐝𝐕𝐢𝐧
Ans(𝐕𝐨𝐮𝐭 = −𝐑𝐂 )
𝐝𝐭
13) Find the output voltage for the circuit shown in Fig. 13

Fig. 13

Ans(𝐕𝐨𝐮𝐭 = 𝟖𝐕)

14) Find out the expression for Vout in terms of V1 & V2 for the circuit shown in Fig. 14

Fig. 14
𝟒
Ans(𝐕𝐨𝐮𝐭 = −𝟔𝐕𝟏 − 𝟑 𝐕𝟐 )
15) For the circuit shown in Fig. 15 , find out the values of R1 & R2 such that 9V is obtained at
the output of the circuit.

Fig. 15
Ans(R1=R2=15kΩ)