*1.

Vocabulary for Understanding Opinions & Views (True/False/Not Given)*

- *Assert* – The author asserts that…

- *Contend* – The passage contends that…

- *Imply* – The writer implies that…

- *Suggest* – The study suggests that…

- *Contradict* – This statement contradicts the previous claim…

- *Reinforce* – The data reinforces the argument that…

### *2. Vocabulary for Identifying Main Ideas & Summarizing*

- *Emphasize* – The passage emphasizes the importance of…

- *Highlight* – The author highlights the role of…

- *Significance* – The significance of this finding is…

- *Fundamental* – A fundamental concept discussed is…

- *Revolve around* – The discussion revolves around…

- *Underpin* – The theory underpins the research…

### *3. Vocabulary for Cause & Effect Questions*

- *Leads to* – This phenomenon leads to…

- *Results in* – The experiment results in…

- *Contributes to* – The factor contributes to…

- *Due to* – The change occurred due to…

- *Stems from* – The issue stems from…

- *Triggers* – The policy triggers a rise in…

### *4. Vocabulary for Comparing & Contrasting Information*

- *In contrast to* – In contrast to previous findings…

- *Whereas* – The first theory suggests X, whereas the second theory argues Y…

- *Similarly* – Similarly, another study found that…

- *Unlike* – Unlike conventional beliefs…

- *On the other hand* – On the other hand, the data shows…

### *5. Vocabulary for Describing Data & Trends (Useful for Matching
Information Questions)*

- *Increase / Surge / Soar* – The rate of X has surged in recent years…

- *Decline / Decrease / Plummet* – The numbers have significantly declined…

- *Stable / Consistent* – The pattern has remained stable over time…

- *Fluctuate* – The trend fluctuates seasonally…

- *Peak / Plateau* – The value peaked at 10% before plateauing…

### *6. Vocabulary for Classification & Matching Questions*

- *Categorized as* – The findings are categorized as…

- *Grouped into* – The species are grouped into…

- *Belong to* – This method belongs to a broader category of…

- *Distinguished by* – These elements are distinguished by…

### *7. Vocabulary for Understanding the Writer’s Purpose & Tone*
- *Advocates* – The writer advocates for…

- *Criticizes* – The author criticizes the notion that…

- *Neutral / Objective / Biased* – The passage maintains a neutral tone…

- *Skeptical / Doubtful* – The writer is skeptical about…

- *Persuasive / Convincing* – The argument is persuasive because…

IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic-Specific Vocabulary

1. Education

- Curriculum - Pedagogy - Holistic development - Vocational training -

Traditional vs modern education - Interactive learning - Distance learning -
Academic performance - Standardized testing - Critical thinking - Knowledge
retention - Higher education - Educational disparity - Extracurricular activities
- Lifelong learning

2. Environment

- Climate change - Global warming - Carbon footprint - Renewable energy -

Fossil fuels - Deforestation - Biodiversity loss - Sustainable development -
Greenhouse gases - Environmental conservation - Pollution control - Waste
management - Water scarcity - Ecological balance - Natural resources

3. Technology

- Artificial intelligence - Automation - Cybersecurity - Digital divide -

Technological advancements - E commerce - Online communication - Social
media influence - Privacy concerns - Data protection - Virtual reality -
Robotics - Smart devices - Cloud computing - Digital literacy

4. Health

- Preventive healthcare - Public health - Mental well being - Sedentary lifestyle

- Nutritional value - Medical advancements - Obesity epidemic - Healthcare
accessibility - Alternative medicine - Immunization - Life expectancy -
Chronic diseases - Pandemic response - Balanced diet - Physical fitness

5. Society and Culture

- Cultural diversity - Gender equality - Social norms - Consumerism - Mass

media - Globalization - Traditional values - Urbanization - Socioeconomic
status - Social mobility - Work life balance - Community engagement -
Ethical dilemmas - Civic responsibility - Interpersonal relationships

6. Government and Law

- Legislation - Policy making - Law enforcement - Crime prevention - Judicial

system - Human rights - Democracy - Public administration - Corruption -
Bureaucracy - Social welfare - Political stability - Censorship - Freedom of
speech - Taxation policies

7. Economy and Employment

- Economic growth - Inflation rate - Unemployment - Minimum wage - Labor

market - Industrialization - Gig economy - Entrepreneurship - Wealth
distribution - Financial stability - Foreign investment - Economic policies -
Trade deficit - Consumer spending - Income disparity

8. Crime and Punishment

- Criminal justice system - Rehabilitation programs - Juvenile delinquency -

Capital punishment - Cybercrime - White collar crime - Forensic investigation
- Recidivism rate - Community service - Law enforcement agencies - Drug
trafficking - Organized crime - Human trafficking - Deterrence - Legal
proceedings

9. Transportation

- Public transport - Traffic congestion - Road infrastructure - Urban planning -

Sustainable transport - Electric vehicles - Fuel efficiency - Pedestrian safety -
Commuting patterns - Aviation industry - Car dependency - Traffic regulations
- Transport accessibility - High speed rail - Infrastructure development

10. Science and Innovation

- Scientific research - Breakthrough discoveries - Genetic engineering - Space
exploration - Renewable energy sources - Biotechnology - Ethical
considerations - Medical innovations - Artificial intelligence - Technological
disruption - Research funding - Experimentation - Innovation hubs - Climate
science - Scientific literacy

IELTS Writing Paraphrasing Vocabulary

1. Show

- Demonstrate - Indicate - Reveal - Illustrate - Highlight - Display - Present

- Express - Convey

2. Important

Significant - Crucial - Vital - Essential - Fundamental - Key - Critical -

Major - Notable

3. Good

- Beneficial - Positive - Advantageous - Effective - Valuable - Constructive

- Favorable - Desirable - Worthwhile

4. Bad

- Negative - Harmful - Detrimental - Adverse - Unfavorable - Destructive -

Unhealthy - Undesirable - Disadvantageous

5. Increase

- Rise - Grow - Surge - Escalate - Boost - Expand - Amplify - Enhance -

Heighten

6. Decrease
- Decline - Drop - Diminish - Lessen - Reduce - Lower - Shrink -
Alleviate - Cut

7. Cause

- Lead to - Result in - Contribute to - Bring about - Trigger - Produce -

Generate - Induce - Cause

8. Effect

- Impact - Influence - Result - Outcome - Consequence - Repercussion -

Ramification - Aftermath - Effect

9. People

- Individuals - Citizens - Society - Population - Residents - Public - People

- Community - Workforce

10. Change

- Alter - Modify - Transform - Adjust - Revise - Evolve - Shift - Convert

- Rework

11. Support

- Assist - Help - Aid - Back - Encourage - Endorse - Strengthen -

Advocate - Promote

12. Oppose

- Disagree - Resist - Challenge - Reject - Counter - Object to - Dissent -

Combat - Fight

13. Problem

- Issue - Challenge - Difficulty - Obstacle - Dilemma - Predicament -

Setback - Complication - Concern

14. Solution

- Answer - Resolution - Remedy - Fix - Solution - Approach - Strategy -

Way forward - Plan
15. Important Factors*

- Aspects - Elements - Features - Considerations - Variables - Components

- Points - Factors - Criteria

*A*

1. *Very Accurate* - Precise, Exact, Unimpeachable, Perfect, Flawless

2. *Very Aggressive* - Forceful, Overconfident, Insistent, Hardline

3. *Very Angry* - Annoyed, Furious, Irate, Enraged, Incensed, Fuming, Livid

4. *Very Annoying* - Irksome, Infuriating, Exasperating

5. *Very Awake* - Rested

### *B*

6. *Very Bad* - Horrendous, Atrocious, Horrible, Awful

7. *Very Beautiful* - Stunning, Astonishing, Charming, Magnificent, Exquisite,

Gorgeous, Ravishing, Mesmerizing, Picturesque, Breathtaking, Attractive, Good-
looking, Pretty

8. *Very Big* - Giant, Immense, Massive, Enormous, Huge, Tremendous,

Humongous

9. *Very Boring* - Dull

10. *Very Bright/Light* - Luminous, Dazzling

11. *Very Busy* - Swamped

### *C*

12. *Very Calm* - Serene

13. *Very Careful* - Prudent, Cautious

14. *Very Careless* - Reckless

15. *Very Charming* - Enchanting

16. *Very Cheap* - A bargain, Inexpensive, Low-Budget, Stingy

17. *Very Clean* - Spotless, Tidy

18. *Very Clear* - Obvious

19. *Very Cold* - Freezing

20. *Very Colorful* - Vibrant

21. *Very Competitive* - Cutthroat

22. *Very Complete* - Comprehensive

23. *Very Confused* - Indecisive, Perplexed

24. *Very Conventional* - Conservative

25. *Very Cool* - Impeccable, Incredible

26. *Very Creative* - Innovative

27. *Very Crowded* - Packed, Bustling

28. *Very Cute* - Adorable

### *D*

29. *Very Dangerous* - Perilous

30. *Very Dear* - Cherished

31. *Very Deep* - Profound

32. *Very Depressed* - Despondent

33. *Very Detailed* - Meticulous

34. *Very Different* - Disparate

35. *Very Dirty* - Squalid, Dingy, Filthy

36. *Very Disturbing* - Unnerving

37. *Very Dry* - Arid

38. *Very Dull* - Tedious

### *E*

39. *Very Easy* - Effortless

40. *Very Empty* - Desolate

41. *Very Evil* - Wicked

42. *Very Excited* - Thrilled

43. *Very Exciting* - Exhilarating

44. *Very Expensive* - Overpriced

### *F*

45. *Very Fancy* - Lavish

46. *Very Far* - Remote

47. *Very Fast* - Rapid, Quick

48. *Very Fat* - Obese

49. *Very Fierce* - Ferocious

50. *Very Friendly* - Amiable, Cheerful

51. *Very Frightened* - Alarmed

52. *Very Frightening* - Terrifying

53. *Very Funny* - Hilarious, Absurd, Ludicrous

### *G*

54. *Very Glad* - Overjoyed

55. *Very Good* - Superb, Marvelous, Excellent

### *H*

56. *Very Happy* - Jubilant, Delighted, Joyful, Overjoyed, Elated

57. *Very Hard* - Difficult, Challenging

58. *Very Hard-to-find* - Rare

59. *Very Heavy* - Leaden

60. *Very High* - Soaring

61. *Very Hot* - Scalding, Scorching, Sweltering

62. *Very Huge* - Colossal

63. *Very Hungry* - Ravenous, Starving, Famished

64. *Very Hurt* - Battered

### *I*

65. *Very Important* - Vital, Crucial, Essential, Pivotal, Integral, Indispensable,

Imperative

66. *Very Intelligent* - Sophisticated

67. *Very Interesting* - Intriguing, Fascinating, Captivating

68. *Very Kind* - Tender-hearted, Good-hearted, Compassionate

### *L*

69. *Very Large* - Colossal

70. *Very Lazy* - Indolent

71. *Very Lively* - Animated

72. *Very Lonely* - Isolated

73. *Very Long* - Extensive

74. *Very Long-term* - Enduring

75. *Very Loose* - Slack

76. *Very Loud* - Deafening, Thunderous

77. *Very Loved* - Adored

78. *Very Lovely* - Adorable

### *M*

79. *Very Mean* - Cruel

80. *Very Messy* - Slovenly

### *N*

81. *Very Neat* - Immaculate

82. *Very Necessary* - Essential

83. *Very Nervous* - Apprehensive

84. *Very Nice* - Kind, Lovely

85. *Very Noisy* - Deafening

### *O*

86. *Very Often* - Frequently

87. *Very Old* - Ancient

88. *Very Old-fashioned* - Archaic

89. *Very Open* - Transparent

### *P*

90. *Very Painful* - Excruciating

91. *Very Pale* - Ashen

92. *Very Peaceful* - Calm, Tranquil

93. *Very Perfect* - Flawless

94. *Very Polite* - Educated

95. *Very Poor* - Destitute

96. *Very Powerful* - Compelling

97. *Very Pretty* - Beautiful, Gorgeous

98. *Very Pricey* - Luxurious, Expensive, Priceless, Costly

### *Q*

99. *Very Quiet* - Hushed, Silent

### *R*

100. *Very Raining* - Pouring

101. *Very Rare* - Phenomenal

102. *Very Rich* - Wealthy, Affluent

103. *Very Risky* - Precarious, Perilous, Dangerous

104. *Very Roomy* - Spacious

105. *Very Rude* - Vulgar

### *S*

106. *Very Sad* - Heartbroken, Depressing, Miserable, Sorrowful, Melancholic,

Heavyhearted, Mournful, Doleful

107. *Very Scared* - Terrified, Frightened, Petrified

108. *Very Scary* - Chilling

109. *Very Serious* - Grave, Solemn

110. *Very Sharp* - Keen

111. *Very Shiny* - Gleaming

112. *Very Short* - Brief

113. *Very Shy* - Timid

114. *Very Silly* - Foolish

115. *Very Simple* - Plain, Straightforward, Basic

116. *Very Skillful* - Seasoned, Veteran, Handy

117. *Very Skinny* - Scrawny, Skeletal

118. *Very Sleepy* - Lethargic

119. *Very Slow* - Sluggish

120. *Very Small* - Tiny, Minuscule, Petite, Minute

121. *Very Smart* - Brilliant, Clever, Genius, Intelligent

122. *Very Smelly* - Pungent

123. *Very Smooth* - Sleek

124. *Very Soft* - Downy

125. *Very Sorry* - Apologetic

126. *Very Special* - Unique, Extraordinary, Exceptional

127. *Very Spectacular* - Splendid

128. *Very Strange* - Abnormal, Bizarre, Outlandish

129. *Very Strong* - Muscular, Forceful

130. *Very Stupid* - Idiotic

### *T*

131. *Very Suddenly and Quickly* - Spontaneously

132. *Very Sure* - Certain

133. *Very Surprised* - Amazed, Astounded, Flabbergasted, Astonished, Shocked

134. *Very Sweet* - Thoughtful

135. *Very Talented* - Gifted

136. *Very Tall* - Towering

137. *Very Tasty* - Heavenly, Delicious, Delectable

138. *Very Thin* - Lean, Slender, Gaunt

139. *Very Thirsty* - Parched

140. *Very Tight* - Cramped, Constricting

141. *Very Tired* - Exhausted

### *U - Z*

142. *Very Ugly* - Grotesque, Hideous

143. *Very Unhappy* - Miserable

144. *Very Upset* - Distraught

145. *Very Valuable* - Precious

146. *Very Warm* - Hot

147. *Very Weak* - Feeble, Frail

148. *Very Weird* - Bizarre

149. *Very Wet* - Soaked

150. *Very Wise* - Enlightened, Sagacious, Sage

151. *Very Worried* - Anxious, Dismayed, Apprehensive, Restless, Fretful,