Long Exam in Clinical Parasitology Lecture (Prelim)

Directions: Shade the letter of your answer. Erasures are not allowed.
10. What is the characteristic shape of the trophozoite form of Entamoeba
Part I: Multiple Choice Questions (1-20) histolytica under microscopic examination?
A. Oval with a single nucleus
1. What is the term used to describe an organism that harbors the adult stage B. Rounded with cilia
of a parasite? C. Irregular, with a single nucleus and pseudopodia
A. Intermediate host D. Spherical with flagella
B. Definitive host
C. Reservoir host 11. Which feature helps distinguish Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba
D. Paratenic host dispar during microscopic examination?
A. Presence of cysts with eight nuclei
2. Which of the following best defines a "vector" in parasitology? B. Presence of ingested red blood cells in trophozoites
A. A host that transmits a parasite from one organism to another C. Cysts with chromatoid bars
B. An organism in which parasites undergo asexual reproduction D. Trophozoites with cilia
C. A host that harbors the larval stage of a parasite
D. An animal that serves as a source of infection 12. Parasitic life cycle components (shade all that apply): (Zeibig)
A. Mode of transmission
3. Primary amoebic encephalitis is caused by: B. Infective stage
A. Entamoebi coli C. Diagnostic stage
B. Dientamoeba fragilis D. Dormant stage
C. Endolimax nana
D. Naegleria fowleri 13. Major body areas associated with parasitic disease (shade all that apply) :
(Zeibig)
4. The advantage of thick blood smears for malarial parasites is to: A. GI tract
A. Improve staining of the organisms B. Blood and tissue
B. Improve detection of the organisms C. Liver and lungs
C. Remove RBC artifacts D. Hair
D. Remove platelets
14. Which of the following STH species is the most common intestinal
5. A patient is suspected of having amebic dysentery. Upon microscopic roundworm in humans?
examination of a fresh fecal specimen fro ova and parasites, the following data A. Necator americanus
were obtained: (BOC) B. Ancylostoma duodenale
 A trophozoite of 25 micrometer C. Ascaris lumbricoides
 Progressive, unidirectional crawl D. Trichuris trichiura
 Evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
 Finely granular cytoplasm 15. . Which parasitic stage of hookworms is responsible for penetrating human
skin?
The information indicates: a. First-stage larva (L1)
A. Entamoeba coli b. Second-stage larva (L2)
B. Entamoeba histolytica c. Third-stage larva (L3)
C. Endolimax nana d. Adult worm
D. Iodamoeba bustchlii
16. Trichuris trichiura inhabits which part of the human body?
6. Paragonimus metacercaria in raw wild boar meat can pass through the a. Small intestine
intestinal wall of humans and complete its development. In this case, the wild b. Stomach
boar serves as a __________transferring the infective stage to humans. c. Large intestine (cecum)
(Belizario) d. Liver
A. Reservoir host
B. Paratenic host 17. What morphological feature is used to distinguish Ancylostoma duodenale
C. Final host from Necator americanus?
D. Intermediate host A. Buccal capsule with teeth in A. duodenale
B. Copulatory bursa size
7. This type of vector only transports the parasite. Example are flies and C. Presence of spicules
cockroaches. (Belizario) D. Egg size
A. Mechanical vector
B. Biologic vector 18. Which helminth infection is associated with the risk of rectal prolapse in
C. Phoretic vector severe cases?
D. Both a and c A. Hookworm infection
B. Trichuriasis
8. In enterobiasis, infection may occur through hand-to-mouth transmission. C. Ascariasis
Infective eggs may end up in the hands by scratching the perianal areas where D. Enterobiasis
the gravid females lay their eggs. This demonsrrates: (Belizario)
A. Direct infection 19. How long can adult hookworms survive in the human host?
B. Superinfection A. 1-2 years
C. Hyperinfection B. 3-5 years
D. Autoinfection C. 10-15 years
9. Which species of amoeba is the most pathogenic to humans and is primarily D. 20 years
responsible for causing amebic dysentery?
A. Entamoeba coli 20. Which of the following eggs can be differentiated based on the presence of
B. Entamoeba histolytica polar plugs?
C. Endolimax nana A. Ascaris lumbricoides
D. Iodamoeba butschlii B. Trichuris trichiura
Long Exam in Clinical Parasitology Lecture (Prelim)
C. Necator americanus Statement 2: The cyst form of Entamoeba histolytica can have up to four
D. Ancylostoma duodenale nuclei.

Part II. True or False . Shade A if the statement is true and shade B if the 37. Statement 1: Entamoeba histolytica can cause liver abscesses in severe
statement is false. (Items 21-35) cases.
Statement 2: Entamoeba gingivalis is a common commensal amoeba in the
21. True or False: Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar are human oral cavity and is non-pathogenic.
morphologically indistinguishable in both the cyst and trophozoite forms.
38. Statement 1: Infections with Entamoeba hartmanni are often asymptomatic
22. True or False: The presence of ingested red blood cells in the cytoplasm of and do not cause invasive disease.
trophozoites is a diagnostic feature that differentiates Entamoeba histolytica Statement 2: The presence of peripheral chromatin in trophozoites is a key
from other non-pathogenic amoebae. feature in differentiating Entamoeba dispar from Entamoeba histolytica.

23. True or False: Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba known to cause primary amebic 39. Statement 1: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs become infective after a period of
meningoencephalitis (PAM), primarily infects humans through ingestion of development in soil, typically within 2-3 weeks.
contaminated water. Statement 2: Heavy infections with Ascaris lumbricoides can result in intestinal
blockage, particularly in pediatric populations.
24. True or False: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs require a minimum of 3 days in the
soil to become embryonated and infective. 40. Statement 1: Adult Trichuris trichiura worms reside primarily in the small
intestine, where they burrow into the mucosa to feed on blood.
25. True or False: Chronic Trichuris trichiura infection can cause rectal prolapse, Statement 2: Infection with Trichuris trichiura can lead to chronic diarrhea and
particularly in children, due to inflammation and weakening of the rectal wall. rectal prolapse in severe cases.

26. True or False: The hookworm species Necator americanus is associated with 41. Statement 1: Hookworm infection can lead to iron-deficiency anemia due
the ingestion of infective larvae, which migrate through the lungs before to blood loss from feeding adult worms.
reaching the intestines. Statement 2: Hookworm larvae penetrate the skin and travel through the
lymphatic system to reach the lungs.
27. True or False: In hookworm infections, the primary mode of infection is skin
penetration by filariform larvae found in contaminated soil. 42. Statement 1: The larval stage of Ascaris lumbricoides undergoes migration
through the lungs before returning to the intestines to mature into adult
28. True or False: In the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides, the larvae undergo worms.
hepatic-tracheal migration, where they pass through the liver and lungs before Statement 2: In Trichuris trichiura, larval development occurs in the soil after
reaching the small intestine to mature into adult worms. the eggs are passed in human feces, and ingestion of embryonated eggs leads
to infection.
29. True or False: Both Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura have direct
life cycles, where eggs are immediately infective after being excreted in human 43. Statement 1: In the life cycle of hookworms, the infective stage is the
feces. rhabditiform larva that penetrates human skin.
Statement 2: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs can remain viable in soil for months,
30. True or False: Trichuris trichiura does not undergo extraintestinal migration, posing a risk for human infection.
meaning that the entire development from larva to adult occurs in the large
intestine. 44. Statement 1: The life cycle of Necator americanus includes a phase of lung
migration before the larvae are swallowed and establish themselves in the
31. True or False: In the life cycle of hookworms, larvae are passed in the feces small intestine.
and directly penetrate the skin of a new host, where they migrate to the lungs Statement 2: Hookworm infections are typically diagnosed by identifying adult
and are swallowed before reaching the intestines. worms in stool samples.

32. True or False: The exo-erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium species takes place 45. Statement 1: Plasmodium falciparum is associated with cerebral malaria, a
in the human liver, where sporozoites develop into schizonts, releasing severe and often fatal complication due to sequestration of infected red blood
merozoites that invade red blood cells. cells in the brain's microvasculature.
Statement 2: Hypnozoites are dormant liver-stage forms of Plasmodium vivax
33. True or False: Plasmodium falciparum is the only species of malaria parasite and Plasmodium ovale that can cause relapses months to years after the initial
that can cause relapse, due to the persistence of hypnozoites in the liver. infection.

34. True or False: The definitive host of the malaria parasite Plasmodium is the Part IV. Matching Type
Anopheles mosquito, while humans act as the intermediate host where asexual Directions: Choose the letter of your answer for each item. Shade the letter on
reproduction occurs. your answer sheet. (Shade all that apply for each item)

35. True or False: Acanthamoeba species can cause granulomatous amebic 46. Enterobius vermicularis A. Seatworm
encephalitis (GAE), which is primarily transmitted through contact with 47. Trichuris trichiura B. Pinworm
contaminated water or soil. 48. Strongyloides stercoralis C. Giant intestinal roundworm
49. Necator americanus D. Threadworm
Part III. Modified True or False (Items 36-45) 50. Ascaris lumbricoides E. Whipworm
F. Hookworm
Directions: G. Tapeworm
Shade A, if only statement 1 is correct.
Shade B, if only statement 2 is correct.
Shade C if both statements are correct.
Shade D if both statements are incorrect.

36. Statement 1: Entamoeba coli trophozoites may contain ingested red blood
cells similar to Entamoeba histolytica.