Answer

6. A. False: Calcium chloride is not directly listed in the periodic table. It is synthesized by neutralizing
hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide1. B. False: The chemical symbol for calcium chloride is CaCl₂,
which does not include sodium (Na) or any other elements. C. True: Chlorine (Cl) can indeed be broken
down into simpler forms, such as its elemental state or compounds. D. False: Calcium and chlorine do
not belong to the same group in the periodic table. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal Calcium is an
alkaline earth metal (Group 2), while chlorine is a halogen (Group 17).

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Chlorine may still be broken down into a simpler form

7. A. The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system) delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in
the body. It consists of the heart and the blood vessels running through the entire body. The arteries
carry blood away from the heart; the veins carry it back to the heart. The system of blood vessels
resembles a tree: The “trunk” – the main artery (aorta) – branches into large arteries, which lead to
smaller and smaller vessels. The smallest arteries end in a network of tiny vessels known as the capillary
network.

 Digestive system breaks down and absorbs food and nutrients, and how it processes waste.
 The excretory system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes and toxins from the body. In
humans, this system includes several organs:
Kidneys: These paired, bean-shaped organs filter urea and other waste products from the blood.
Each kidney contains numerous nephrons that perform the primary task of filtering blood and
removing waste. The kidneys also secrete hormones that regulate red blood cell production.
Bladder: The bladder stores urine produced by the kidneys until it is expelled from the body.
Liver: While not directly involved in urine production, the liver processes toxins and plays a role
in overall waste management.
Large Intestine: Solid wastes are expelled from the body through the large intestine.

he human reproductive system is a complex network of organs and

 Ovaries and Testes: The ovaries in females and the testes in males
produce germ cells (ova and spermatozoa, respectively) and hormones
that drive sexual development.
 Fallopian Tubes and Ducts: The fallopian tubes transport ova from
the ovaries to the uterus in females, while the male ducts carry
spermatozoa from the testes to the penis in males.
 Uterus and Scrotum: The uterus is where gestation occurs after
fertilization, and the scrotum houses the testes.
 Fertilization and Implantation: Internal fertilization of the ovum by
sperm cells leads to the formation of a blastocyst, which implants in
the uterine wall.
  Placenta and Gestation: The placenta nourishes the developing
embryo during pregnancy.
 Birth and Postnatal Care: After birth, maternal organs return to their
original state, and the child is cared for through suckling and other
means


8. D. Ears : Respiration. While eyes are used for seeing, the heart is responsible for blood circulation, and
kidneys filter waste, ears primarily serve the purpose of hearing rather than respiratory functions

9. A. Root System:

Function: The root system anchors the plant into the ground,
o
absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores extra food
for future use1.
o Importance: Without a healthy root system, plants would not be
able to access essential nutrients and water, leading to their
demise.
2. Shoot System:
o Function: The shoot system grows above ground and includes
leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. It absorbs light for
photosynthesis and carries out reproductive functions.
o Importance: Leaves capture sunlight, allowing plants to
produce energy through photosynthesis. Stems transport water,
nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant.
3. Working Together:
o Photosynthesis: The shoot system captures sunlight, while the
root system provides water and minerals. Together, they enable
photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy
into chemical energy (sugars).
o Stability: The root system anchors the plant, preventing it from
falling over. The shoot system, in turn, stands upright and
efficiently captures sunlight.
o Nutrient Uptake: The root system absorbs essential nutrients
from the soil, which are then transported by the shoot system to
various plant parts.
o Overall Survival: By working together, the root and shoot
systems ensure the plant’s survival, growth, and reproduction

10. b

Explanation:

a group of cells working together is defined as a tissue and several tissues working together comprise an
organ. The heart is used as an example of an organ which is made up from muscle and valve tissue.
Students can draw diagrams showing how cells, tissues and organs are different but connected.
11. The smallest level of organization in an organism where the characteristics of life can be carried out
is the cell. All living things are made of cells, and the cell itself is the fundamental unit of structure and
function in living organisms. It’s important to note that viruses, which are not considered living, do not
consist of cells1. So, the correct answer is D. Cell.

1. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an
organism’s body.
2. Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific
function. The word tissue comes from a form of an old French verb meaning “to weave”. There
are four different types of tissues in animals: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial. In
plants, tissues are divided into three types: vascular, ground, and epidermal. Groups of tissues
make up organs in the body such as the brain and heart.
3. An organ is a self-contained group of tissues that performs a specific function in the body. The
heart, liver, and stomach are examples of organs in humans

12. D. Organ System → Organ → Tissue → Cell1234.

Here’s a brief explanation of each level:

1. Organ System: A group of organs working together to perform specific functions (e.g., the
cardiovascular system).

2. Organ: A structure composed of different tissues that work together (e.g., the heart).

3. Tissue: A group of similar cells with a common function (e.g., muscle tissue).

4. Cell: The basic unit of life (e.g., red blood cells, neurons).

13. Answer: B. make food for the cell Explanation: Chloroplasts are present in the leaf and leaves
produce the food for the plant. So when the chloroplasts are damaged it will not be able to produce the
food,

1. immune system protects us

2. Excretory system . excrete waste materials

3. reproduction

14. B.

An eyepiece is a lens attached to telescopes and microscopes. It’s placed near the focal point of the
objective (either a lens or mirror) to magnify the image formed by the telescope. The eyepiece and the
eye together create the final image on the retina. Telescopes often have interchangeable eyepieces,
allowing users to adjust magnification and field of view12. The mirror in a telescope reflects light from
the objective (usually a primary mirror) towards the eyepiece, where the observer views the image 3.

Mirrors work by reflecting the light passing through the specimen or object observed under the
microscope. The first magnification is done by the objective lens. The image produced by the objective
lens is then magnified by the eyepiece, and the final image is produced
The primary function of the diaphragm is to change the angular aperture of the cone of light that is
produced after the light travels through the condenser. The size of this cone of light is important
because if there is a mismatch between the size of the cone of light and the optimal numerical aperture
on the objective

15. A. The characteristic that differentiates fungi, algae, and bacteria from the plants studied in Grades
3-6, aside from their small size, is that they do not have true roots, true leaves, true stems, fruits, and
flowers. Unlike plants, most of them do not produce their own food through photosynthesis. This sets
them apart in terms of structure and function.

16. The term “population” refers to D. Group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place and
at the same time12. It encompasses all the individuals of a particular species within a specific area or
habitat. For example, the world’s human population includes everyone living on Earth, while the bat
population in a region represents the total number of bats in that area.

17. Fungi, unlike plants, lack chlorophyll and cannot perform photosynthesis. Consequently, they cannot
generate their own food through energy from light. Instead, fungi are heterotrophs, relying on organic
material for nutrients. As decomposers, they break down and eliminate dead organisms, contributing to
the decomposition of living things 1. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. 😊

18. In asexual reproduction, structures like gametes (A) are not involved. Asexual
reproduction produces genetically identical offspring without the need for
fertilization. Instead, it relies on vegetative structures such as stems, tubers, and
roots. For example:

Stem tubers (like potatoes) can give rise to new plants.

19. B. Fertilization is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form
a zygote. The egg and sperm are haploid, which means they each contain one set of
chromosomes; upon fertilization, they will combine their genetic material to form a
zygote that is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. A zygote that has more
than two sets of chromosomes will not be viable; therefore, to ensure that the
offspring has only two sets of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one
egg.

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the male anther of a flower to the
female stigma. This essential step enables fertilization and the production of seeds.

Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs when an organism makes more of itself without
exchanging genetic information with another organism through sex.

In sexually reproducing organisms, the genomes of two parents are combined to create offspring with
unique genetic profiles. This is beneficial to the population because genetically diverse populations have
a higher chance of withstanding survival challenges such as disease and environmental changes.

Vegetative propagation, also known as vegetative reproduction, is an asexual method of plant

20. In sexual reproduction, the source of genetic material in a zygote is both an egg cell and a sperm cell.
When these two gametes fuse during fertilization, their DNA combines to form a diploid zygote with a
complete set of genetic material from both parents1. So the correct answer is D. An egg cell and a sperm
cell.

21. The species that can produce offspring genetically different from their parents is B. A species that
reproduces sexually. Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genetic material from two individuals,
resulting in offspring with unique combinations of genes12. In contrast, asexual reproduction produces
offspring that are genetically identical to the parent3. For example, some animals, like earthworms, are
hermaphroditic and can produce both sperm and eggs, but they still mate with other earthworms to
create genetically diverse offspring

22. The statement that a plant requires water, radiant energy, minerals, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to
live indicates that an organism depends on abiotic components1. These abiotic factors include non-living
elements like physical conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, salinity, sunlight) and chemical
agents (such as gases and mineral nutrients) within an ecosystem2. Biotic factors, on the other hand,
refer to living beings like plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms3. So, the correct answer is A.
Abiotic components.

23. An abiotic component of the environment is a non-living factor that affects living organisms and
ecosystems. Among the options provided, flowing lava is an example of an abiotic factor. It influences
the physical conditions of an environment. The other options—sprouting mongo seeds, dugong nursing
its young, and grass on mountain slopes—are biotic components, as they involve living organisms

24. The correct answer is B. The total distance traveled by the object is equal to 12 meters. Let’s break it
down:

Calculate the total distance traveled by adding the magnitudes of each movement:

The object travels 5 meters to the left.

Then it moves 2 meters up.

Finally, it travels another 5 meters to the right.

Add the distances together: 5m+2m+5m=12m

Therefore, the total distance traveled by the object is indeed 12 meters1. The displacement, which
considers both magnitude and direction, would be different, but in this case, we’re looking at the total
distance covered by the moving object. So option B is the correct choice!