ESSENTIAL SCIENCE
JIYAS SHOUKATH
1. What are the things that living organisms do or need?
Ans:
Movement
Nutrition
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Respiration
2. What is the importance of food or nutrition for living organisms?
Ans:
All living organisms need to make or take in food, which gives them energy which
needs to live.
3. What is the difference between plants and animals to obtain food?
Ans:
Plants don’t need to eat food. They use light, carbon dioxide and water to make
their own food. They make sugar, and oxygen is their waste product. They need
to take minerals from soil as well.
But animals cannot make their own food. They have to eat other organisms.
4. How some plants are exceptional from other plants to obtain food?
Ans:
Some plants trap and digest animals. These plants cannot get the minerals they
need from soil and so they eat animals instead.
E.g. : 1. Pitcher Plant , Venus Flytrap , Yellow Pitcher Plant , Cobra Lily Butterwort
, Monkey Cup , Australian Sundew , Big Floating Bladderwort
5. What is the importance of respiration for living organisms?
Ans:
Living organisms respire to get energy from their food. When organisms respire
they often use oxygen to break down their food. They produce carbon dioxide and
water as waste products. They also produce heat. Getting rid of the carbon
dioxide that is made during respiration is also excretion.
6. Give a method to identify the presence of carbon dioxide?
Ans:
If we bubble carbon dioxide through limewater, it turns cloudy white in colour.
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[email protected] 7. What is the importance of sensitivity for living organisms?
Ans:
All living organisms need to know about the changes of their surroundings to find
food and keep out of danger.
8. What are the differences between growth and reproduction?
Ans:
Both often take a long time. Growth means gets bigger and stays bigger.
Reproduction means make more of the same produces offspring.
9. What is the importance of movement for living organisms?
Ans:
It is vital for living organisms to survive. Animals need to find food, find shelter
and avoid danger. Plants need as much light as possible if they are to make food.
10. Explain the functions of each parts of the plant.
Ans:
Leaves: To make food in a process called photosynthesis. The green colour of
leave trap sunlight to make food. It also let the plants take oxygen and lose
carbon dioxide at night.
Flowers: They are the reproductive organ of the plant. They may be sensitive to
the light and close up when it gets dark.
Stem: It supports plant; hold up the flowers which help in pollination. It is
sensitive to the light and moves by bending so that leaves are exposed to as
much light as possible.
Root: Hold the plants into the ground which take up water and minerals from
the soil. It may store food to help the plant reproduce.
11. What is an organ system?
Ans:
Several organs together to perform a particular job in the body are called as an
organ system. Organ systems in mammals include the respiratory system, the
digestive system, the nervous system and the excretory system.
12. Which are the organs included in circulatory system?
Ans:
Heart, Aorta, Vena cava, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries etc.
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[email protected] 13. Which are the organs included in digestive system?
Ans:
Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Small intestine, Large intestine,
Anus etc.
14. Which are the organs included in nervous system?
Ans:
Brain, Spinal cord, Ganglion, Nerves etc.
15. Which are the organs included in respiratory system?
Ans:
Nose, Trachea, Lungs etc.
16. What is a microscope?
Ans:
A microscope makes small things look bigger which is like a complicated magnifying
glass. It can make things look 4X, 10X, 100X or even 400X bigger than they really
are. A microscope has an eyepiece lens, a stage, a clip to hold the specimen in
place, an objective lens, a mirror or light source and focusing knobs.
17. What are the main parts of animal cell? Explain the function of each part.
Ans:
Nucleus: It is the control centre of the cell. It contains all the plans of making
new cells and new animals’
Cell membrane: It is the outer layer of the cell. Substance move in and out
through the membrane.
Cytoplasm: It is a jelly substance where all the important jobs in the cell are
done, such as using the substance from food for growing.
18. What are the main parts of plant cell? Explain the function of each part.
Ans:
A simple plant cell has a nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm like animal cell.
The other parts in plant cell include,
Cell wall: It is a tough wall which helps the plant to stay upright.
Vacuole: It is a membrane lined space filled with fluid
Chloroplast: It is a green structure that carries out photosynthesis. It
contains a green substance called chlorophyll.
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[email protected] 19. How tissues and organs and organ system connected together to form a
complex organism?
Ans:
Lots of specialised cells together make up a tissue. Several tissues working
together in the body form an organ. Several different organs work together to
carry out a specialised job in the body. They form an organ system. Organ
systems are needed to form complex organisms.
20. What are specialised cells in human or animal? Give examples.
Ans:
They are the specific cells in a multicellular organism to carry out a specified job.
Different specialised cells have different features so they can do different job
in the body.
E.g. Nerve cell, Red blood cell, Sperm cell, ciliated epithelial cells.
21. Explain the function of each specialised cell of animal that given below.
a) Nerve cell b) Red blood cell c) Sperm cell d) Ciliated epithelial cell
Ans:
a) Nerve cell (neurone): Long cells to carry electrical messages around the
body. They have branches to connect to many other nerve cells.
b) Red blood cell: It has special shape of large surface area to carry oxygen. It
has no nucleus so it has only short life span.
c) Sperm cell: It carries genetic information to the egg. It is specialised to get
to the egg cell with its tail and the energy releasing middle region and then to
break into the egg with its head.
d) Ciliated epithelial cell: It is covered with tiny, hair like cilia which beat to
move things about in the body. They use a lot of energy. E.g. mucus from the
lungs.
22. Explain the function of each specialised cell of plant that given below.
a) Leaf cell b) Root hair cell
Ans:
a) Leaf cell: It contains a lot of special green structure called chloroplast
which contains a green substance called chlorophyll. It captures the solar
energy, which is need by the plants to make sugar. These cells are together
to make specialised palisade tissue, which is where the most of the
photosynthesis takes place.
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[email protected] b) Root hair cell: It can be found close to the tips of growing roots and to the
transport tissue. They give the plants microscopic hairs on the root which
help to take in much water.
23. What is Skeleton system?
Ans:
Humans are vertebrates with skeleton inside the body. The human skeleton is
made up of many bones together called as Skeleton system.
24. What are the functions of skeleton?
Ans:
It support the body
It protects delicate organs such as our brain and our heart, which are
protected by skull and ribcage respectively.
It is joined so we can move easily.
25. What is the importance of joints in our body?
Ans:
The place where two bones meet is called a joint. The joints between the bones
allow us plenty of movements. They have special tissues such as cartilage and a
fluid called synovial fluid, which make them smooth and cushioned without
grinding against each other.
26. What are the muscles?
Ans:
Muscles are the bundles of fibres which help to move our bones. It can contract
and shorten. Each end of a muscle is joined to a different bone by non-stretchy
tissue called tendons. When a muscle contract, it shortens to pull a bone into a
different position.
27. Why some muscles are called antagonistic?
Ans:
Muscles that work in pair. One will helps to pull bones to a specific position and
the other one helps to push back to its initial position. To pull the bone, one
muscle must contract mean while the other one will relax and vice versa
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