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SUMMER TASK
GRADE: SIX
SUBJECT: SCIENCE

Chapter#1

Answer the short questions

1.Define a microscope.

Microscope is used to see very small things that cannot be seen with naked eyes. When we look
at something through a microscope it appears larger.

2.Give the names of cell organelles.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Golgi Bodies

Vacuoles

Centrioles

3.What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organism?

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one type of cells. Multicellular organisms are made
up of more than one cell.

4.What are the major plant organ systems?

Plants have two main organ systems:

1.Root system

2.Shoot system

Root system comprises of root and its branches.Roots holds the plant in the soil.This system
helps the plant to absorb water and salts from the soil.
Shoot system comprises of the plants part outside the ground.It consists of a main
stem,leaves,branches and flowers.This system performs many functions such as movement of
water ,food and production of seeds,etc.

5.What are the major animal organ systems?

There are some examples of animal organs:

Heart

Heart pumps the blood in blood vessels which carry it to all parts of the body.

Liver

Liver helps in food digestion. It also performs many other important functions.

Ear

The ear is not just the hearing organ. It also makes it possible for humans to walk.

Answers the following questions in detail.

1.Describe the structures of plant and animal cell.

A plant cell

An animal cell on page 4

2.Write the difference between plant and animal cell.

Plant cell

Cell wall is present.

Chloroplasts are present.

Single large vacuole is present.

Nucleus lies near the cell wall.

Centrioles is absent.

Animal cell

Cell wall is absent.

Chloroplasts are absent .

Many small vacuoles are present.

Nucleus lies in the centre of the cell.

Centrioles is present.

3.Define cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism.

Cell: Cell is the building block of life. It is the basic unit of all living organisms.

Tissue: A group of same cells performing same function is called a tissue.

Organ: Our body is made up of a number of different organs such as heart, liver, lungs, ear,
tongue etc.

Organ system: An organ system is a group of organs which work together. Different organ
systems do one or more than one special function.

Organisms: The highest level of organization in living things is the organism. An organism is a
combination of different organs or organ systems which work in coordination.

Book work and MCQs on page 11

Chapter#2

Write short answers of the following questions.

1.How many senses we have? Name them.

Eye (Sense of sight)

Ear (sense of hearing)

Skin (Sense of touch)

Nose (Sense of smell)

Tongue(Sense of taste)

2.Write the main parts of human eye.

There are two main parts of human eye.

Cornea is the transparent part in the front of the eye. Light rays enter the eye through the cornea.

Iris is the coloured portion of the eye under the cornea.

3.How many parts a human ear has? Write their names.

Human ear has three parts.

1.Outer Ear

2.Middle Ear

3.Inner Ear

4.What are the functions of outer layer and inner layer of human skin?

Outer Layer has colour pigment and protects the skin from harmfull rays of the sun.

Inner Layer is the sensitive part of the skin that has blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and
hair roots. When we touch something, sensitive cells of the skin receive messages and send them
to the brain. Then we feel sense of touch.

Answers the following questions in details.

1.Describe the structure of human eye.

Structure of human eye on page 12 second diagram of eye .

2.Describe the structure of human ear.

Structure of human ear on page 12.

3.Write a note on sense of touch.

It is the largest organ in our body which covers every part of the body. Skin protects the inner
parts in our body. It contains several kinds of cells that detectpain, heat, pressure, cold, and
touch.

Outer Layer has colour pigment and protects the skin from harmfull rays of the sun.

Inner Layer is the sensitive part of the skin that has blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and
hair roots. When we touch something, sensitive cells of the skin receive messages and send them
to the brain. Then we feel sense of touch.

4.Write a note on the sense of smell.

Nose is a hollow air passage. It has two openings called nostrils. In each side of the nose is an air
chamber. The roof of the nose has lining of nerve cells to sense smell. Certain odour of
chemicals present in air enter in the nose and touch the olfactory cells. These cells pass the
message to the brain through olfactory nerves. Brain tells whether the odour is pleasant or
unpleasant.

5.What is importance of the tongue?

Tongue helps to detects the flavor of food. Tongue can derect sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes.
The upper surface of the tongue is covered with many pimple like limps, between which taste
buds are present .Each taste bud has many nerve cells. When food particles touch the taste buds,
nerves send signals of taste to the brain. Different parts of tongue feel different tastes. The tip of
the tongue has taste buds to detect sweetness. The sides of the tongue detect salty and sour tastes.
The back of the tongue detects bitter taste.

Book work and MCQs on page 15.

Chapter#3

1.Which two processes are important for plants to live alive?

1.Food making process →Photosynthesis.

2.Energy producing process→Respiration.

2.What is the meaning of photosynthesis?

Meaning :The word „photosynthesis‟ is a combination of two greek words: “photo” and
„synthesis‟.Photo means light ,stnthesis means putting together.Photosynthesis means „putting
together using light”.

3.Write down the equation of photosynthesis.

Equation : Sunlight

Carbon dioxide +Water →→→ Glucose+Oxygen

Chlorophyll

4.What is the importance of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is one of the most important chemical changes without which nearly all living
things would die.Glucose and Oxygen are Products of Photosynthesis.

Answer the following questions of detail.

1.Describe the internal Structure of leaf.

A leaf contains three main internl parts.

(i)Epidermis :The upper layer of leaf is called "upper epidermis" and the lower layer of leaf is
called "lower epidermis Lower epidermis has many pores, called stomata. Each stoma has an
opening between two bean-shaped guard cells. Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water
vapours between leaf cells and air takes place through stomata
(ii) Mesophyll

Between the upper and lower epidermis is the mesophyll, which is made of cells that contain
chloroplasts. A green pigment chlorophyll is present in chloroplasts. Chlorophy traps light
energy for food preparation. Mesophyll is the region where photosynthesis takes place

(iii) Vascular Bundle

The central part of the mesophyll tissue is made up of vascular bundle. Two types of tissues
(xylem, phloem) are present in vascular bundle .

2.Describe the factors which are necessary for photosynthesis.

Light: Plants trap sunlight to make food by photosynthesis/Rate of photosynthests

increases as the light intensity increases .

Temperature: Normally plants grow well between 25-35°C) The higher the temperature, the
faster the process of photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide: Plants absorb carbon dioxide from air to use as a raw material for
photosynthesis, The rate of photosynthesis increases with increasing carbon dioxide level in the
air.

Chlorophyll: It gives green colour to the leaves, which trap sunlight for photosynthesis.

Water: It is also a raw material for photosynthesis. It is required according to every plant's need.

3.How the structure of a leaf helps theprocess of photosynthesis

Mostly photosynthesis occurs in green leaves because their structure is suitable for it

i)A Most leaves have a flat large blade to absorb maximum light energy

ii) Thin structure of leaves help carbon dioxide and light to reach the inner cells easily.

(ii) Leaves have a large number of stomata in the lower epidermis to facilitate the exchange of
carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapours.

(iv) Vascular bundle in the leaf spreads its veins in a network to carry water to photosynthesizing
cells and glucose to stems, fruits and roots.

(v) Thick layer of mesophyll cells makes enough food for the plant.

4.How does respiration occur in plants?

Respiration is the energy producing process in which plants use oxygen to break down glucose
into water, carbon dioxide and energy. The process of respiration is explained this equation:
Glucose +Oxygen →Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Exchange of gases takes place in two different steps:

Respiration and Photosynthesis

During daytime, plants photosynthesize and produce glucose and oxygen. Plants use glucose and
oxygen in respiration, while carbon dioxide and water are produced. These products are used in
photosynthesis. At night, photosynthesis stops but plants take in oxygen from the air and give out
carbon dioxide and water in respiration.

5.Give a Comparison of Respiration and Photosynthesis

Respiration and photosynthesis are reverse to each other, as they are two different processe

Photosynthesis

It occurs in plants.

It is a food-making process.

It traps energy to produce glucose.

Light energy

→ → →

Carbon dioxide + Water chlorophyll Glucose + Oxygen

Respiration

It occurs in all living organisms.

It is a food-using process.

It breaks glucose to release energy

Glucose + Oxygen→Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Book work and Mcqs on page 19.