1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

a) Producing energy
b) Controlling what enters and exits the cell
c) Storing genetic information
d) Providing structural support
2. What component provides rigidity to the plant cell wall?
a) Cellulose
b) Chlorophyll
c) Lipids
d) Proteins
3. What is the main function of mitochondria?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production
c) Storing nutrients
d) Photosynthesis
4. What organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Chloroplasts
d) Ribosomes
5. Where can chloroplasts be found in plants?
a) Roots
b) Stems and leaves
c) Seeds
d) None of the above
6. What is the gel-like substance inside the cell called?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Chlorophyll
c) Nucleoplasm
d) Vacuole
7. Name one primary function of the cell wall.
a) Transporting oxygen
b) Providing structural support
c) Storing food
d) Controlling cell division
8. Which organelle stores water, food, and metabolic waste?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Vacuole
d) Ribosome
9. What does "cyto" mean in the context of cytoplasm?
a) Cell
b) Liquid
c) Structure
d) Function
10. Why are cells considered the basic unit of life in all organisms?
a) Because all living things are made of cells
b) Because cells contain DNA
c) Because cells can move independently
d) Because cells always function alone
11. Explain why plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not.
a) To help plants survive in harsh environments
b) Because animals move and do not need a rigid structure
c) Because plants require extra layers for nutrient absorption
d) Because animal cells have an internal support system
12. What role does the cytoplasm play in cellular function?
a) Helps in photosynthesis
b) Stores waste materials
c) Supports and transports materials within the cell
d) Controls cell division
13. Describe the process by which cells assist in organism growth.
a) Cell division (mitosis) and differentiation
b) Energy production by mitochondria
c) Photosynthesis in plant cells
d) Water absorption in vacuoles
14. How does the cell membrane contribute to cellular homeostasis?
a) It regulates what enters and exits the cell
b) It breaks down food for energy
c) It transports oxygen in the blood
d) It provides energy for the cell
15. How does chloroplast function benefit plant cells?
a) It produces oxygen for the plant
b) It generates energy through photosynthesis
c) It protects the cell from damage
d) It stores water and nutrients
16. Why do mitochondria play a critical role in cellular activities?
a) They create proteins for the cell
b) They generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell
c) They transport waste out of the cell
d) They store genetic material
17. In what ways do vacuoles contribute to the structural stability of plant cells?
a) By storing food
b) By producing proteins
c) By maintaining turgor pressure
d) By breaking down toxins
18. How does the nucleus regulate cellular activities?
a) By controlling water levels
b) By storing and regulating genetic information (DNA)
c) By producing energy for the cell
d) By digesting food particles
13. What is the significance of stem cells being unspecialized?
a) They can transform into different cell types
b) They produce chlorophyll
c) They transport oxygen in the body
d) They produce energy for the cell
14. Why is cell specialization important for multicellular organisms?
a) It allows cells to perform different functions
b) It prevents cells from dying
c) It increases cell division speed
d) It allows all cells to be identical
15. Explain how cells combine to form tissues, and why this is essential for organ
development.
a) Cells group together to perform similar functions, forming tissues that develop
into organs
b) Cells multiply randomly and eventually become tissues
c) Cells store energy to produce larger organs
d) Cells dissolve and reform into different body parts
16. Evaluate the impact of mitochondria malfunctioning on cellular health and
functionality.
a) It would cause reduced energy production, leading to cell dysfunction
b) It would increase protein production
c) It would improve cell division rates
d) It would have no effect
17. Compare and contrast the roles of the cell wall in plant cells and the extracellular
matrix in animal cells.
a) The cell wall provides structure, while the extracellular matrix provides support
and communication
b) Both provide identical functions in all cells
c) The extracellular matrix produces energy, while the cell wall controls nutrients
d) The cell wall helps in protein synthesis, while the extracellular matrix stores
DNA
18. Analyze the process of photosynthesis in terms of its importance to both the cell
and the larger ecosystem.
a) Photosynthesis produces food and oxygen, which are essential for life
b) It only benefits plant cells
c) It helps plants grow but does not impact other organisms
d) It produces waste materials for the cell
19. Discuss the significance of stem cells in tissue repair and regenerative medicine.
a) Stem cells can become different cell types and help in healing injuries
b) Stem cells break down damaged tissues
c) Stem cells prevent infections in the body
d) Stem cells create new viruses for tissue growth
20. Assess how the structural differences between plant and animal cells relate to
their respective functions in different environments.
a) Plant cells have rigid walls for support, while animal cells are flexible for
movement
b) Both plant and animal cells are structurally identical
c) Animal cells have a cell wall to protect against dehydration
d) Plant cells do not need energy, while animal cells do
21. What is the main function of the nervous system?
a) Producing energy for the body
b) Controlling and coordinating body activities and responses
c) Breaking down food for digestion
d) Transporting oxygen in the blood
22. What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?
a) Brain and spinal cord
b) Heart and lungs
c) Stomach and intestines
d) Nerves and blood vessels
23. Which organ in the central nervous system resembles a cable made up of
nerves?
a) Brain
 b) Heart
c) Spinal cord
d) Lungs
24. What process allows the body to feel, taste, smell, and hear?
a) Respiration
b) Sensory perception
c) Digestion
d) Circulation
25. What role does the brain play in the nervous system?
a) It stores nutrients for the body
b) It pumps blood to the muscles
c) It processes information and controls body functions
d) It filters toxins from the blood
26. How does the nervous system warn the body of possible danger?
a) By increasing digestion speed
b) By sending electrical signals through nerves to trigger a response
c) By stopping all body movements
d) By reducing the heartbeat
27. Explain how the spinal cord and brain work together in the central nervous
system.
a) The spinal cord transmits signals between the body and brain for processing
and response
b) The brain moves nutrients to the spinal cord for energy
c) The spinal cord controls breathing, while the brain regulates digestion
d) They work separately without interacting

28. Why is the brain often compared to a computer in the nervous system?
a) It is made of electrical wires
b) It stores data and processes information to control body functions
 c) It has a hard drive for memory storage
d) It produces electricity for the body
29. Describe how the nervous system is involved in regulating body temperature.
a) The brain sends signals to sweat glands or muscles to cool or warm the body
b) The spinal cord absorbs heat and releases it when necessary
c) The nerves create energy that heats the body
d) The body temperature is controlled only by blood circulation
30. What is the significance of neurons in the nervous system?
a) They store oxygen for the body
b) They act as messengers, transmitting signals throughout the body
c) They filter waste from the bloodstream
d) They digest food in the intestines
31. How does the nervous system help with the sense of smell?
a) The spinal cord processes scent particles
b) Nerves in the nose detect smells and send signals to the brain for
interpretation
c) The lungs filter the air and detect scents
d) The stomach absorbs and identifies different odors
32. In what way does the nervous system enable us to feel sensations like touch and
pain?
a) The skin directly sends information to the spinal cord
b) Sensory neurons detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain for processing
c) The muscles control all sensory responses
d) The bloodstream carries pain signals throughout the body
33. Evaluate the importance of the spinal cord in maintaining communication
between the brain and the body.
a) It acts as a bridge, transmitting messages between the brain and body for
movement and sensation
b) It stores extra blood for emergencies
c) It pumps oxygen to the brain to help with thinking
d) It filters harmful toxins from the body
34. Analyze the impact of a damaged nervous system on body functions.
a) It may cause loss of sensation, movement, or organ control, leading to severe
health issues
b) It makes digestion faster but does not affect movement
c) It only affects the muscles, leaving other functions normal
d) It does not impact daily activities at all
35. What two systems make up the musculoskeletal system?
a) Nervous and circulatory systems
b) Skeletal and muscular systems
c) Digestive and respiratory systems
d) Endocrine and immune systems
36. What are the two types of tissues in the musculoskeletal system?
a) Hard and soft tissues
b) Nervous and epithelial tissues
c) Connective and digestive tissues
d) Cardiac and endocrine tissues
37. Name two minerals stored in the musculoskeletal system.
a) Iron and copper
b) Calcium and phosphorus
c) Sodium and potassium
d) Zinc and magnesium
38. What body parts does the musculoskeletal system help protect?
a) Brain, heart, and lungs
b) Eyes, ears, and nose
c) Skin and hair
d) Intestines and stomach
39. How does the musculoskeletal system contribute to body movement?
a) Muscles contract and work with bones to produce movement
b) The brain moves the bones without muscle involvement
c) The heart pumps blood to make the body move
d) The digestive system provides energy for movement
40. Why is the skeletal system important for protecting internal organs?
a) It produces red blood cells
b) It forms a rigid structure around vital organs
c) It helps digest food efficiently
d) It increases oxygen flow to tissues
41. How do soft and hard tissues function together in the musculoskeletal system?
a) Hard tissues like bones provide structure, while soft tissues like muscles allow
movement
b) Soft tissues store calcium, and hard tissues supply oxygen
c) Soft tissues protect bones from breaking
d) Hard tissues produce energy, and soft tissues distribute it
42. How do bones serve as a storage site for minerals?
a) They produce minerals in the bone marrow
b) They absorb minerals from food and store them for later use
c) They transport minerals through the blood
d) They break down food to release minerals
43. What role do ligaments play in the musculoskeletal system?
a) They connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints
b) They produce red blood cells
c) They store energy for muscle contractions
d) They provide oxygen to tissues
44. How does the musculoskeletal system help maintain the body’s shape?
a) Bones provide structure, while muscles give shape and support
b) The heart pumps blood to different body parts
c) The digestive system processes nutrients for body growth
d) The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the body
45. Why is cartilage important in the musculoskeletal system?
a) It produces energy for bones
b) It cushions joints and prevents bones from rubbing together
c) It carries oxygen to muscles
d) It stores water for hydration
46. In what way do muscles and tendons work together?
a) Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing movement
b) Tendons produce energy for muscle contraction
c) Muscles absorb oxygen from tendons
d) Muscles break down tendons for nutrients
47. Why is calcium storage in bones important for overall health?
a) It helps regulate nerve function, muscle contractions, and bone strength
b) It improves digestion and immune response
c) It increases blood circulation to muscles
d) It enhances skin hydration
48. What are the consequences of damage to soft tissues like tendons and
ligaments?
a) Reduced joint stability and difficulty in movement
b) Faster healing of broken bones
c) Improved muscle growth
d) Increased bone density
49. What is the excretory system?
a) The system responsible for breaking down food
b) The system that removes waste products from the body
c) The system that transports oxygen through the blood
d) The system that controls movement and coordination
50. What is the role of the excretory system?
a) To digest food and absorb nutrients
b) To remove metabolic waste and maintain the body's fluid balance
c) To circulate blood throughout the body
d) To produce energy for muscles
51. How does the excretory system deal with excess water in the body?
a) It stores the water in the bones for later use
b) It releases water through urine, sweat, and breath
c) It converts water into fat for energy
d) It transports water to the digestive system for breakdown
52. Which four organs are part of the excretory system?
a) Brain, heart, lungs, intestines
b) Kidneys, lungs, skin, liver
c) Stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines
d) Muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments
53. What wastes are secreted by the four excretory organs?
a) Carbon dioxide by the lungs, urea by the kidneys, sweat by the skin, and bile
by the liver
b) Oxygen by the lungs, proteins by the liver, sugar by the kidneys, and salt by
the skin
c) Fat by the skin, calcium by the kidneys, carbon monoxide by the lungs, and
vitamins by the liver
d) Water by the liver, minerals by the lungs, and carbohydrates by the kidneys
54. What is the excretory system?
a) The system responsible for digesting food
b) The system that removes waste products from the body
c) The system that helps with movement and coordination
d) The system that circulates oxygen in the body
55. What is the primary role of the excretory system?
a) To break down food into nutrients
b) To remove metabolic waste and maintain fluid balance
c) To transport oxygen to cells
d) To produce hormones for growth
56. How does the excretory system remove excess water from the body?
a) By absorbing it into the bones for storage
b) By releasing it through urine, sweat, and breathing
c) By converting it into fat for energy
d) By sending it back into the bloodstream
57. Which of the following organs are part of the excretory system?
a) Brain, heart, intestines, stomach
b) Kidneys, lungs, skin, liver
 c) Pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, spleen
d) Bones, muscles, tendons, joints
58. What waste products are removed by the excretory organs?
a) Oxygen by the lungs, proteins by the liver, sugar by the kidneys, salt by the
skin
b) Carbon dioxide by the lungs, urea by the kidneys, sweat by the skin, bile by
the liver
c) Fat by the skin, calcium by the kidneys, carbon monoxide by the lungs,
vitamins by the liver
d) Water by the liver, minerals by the lungs, carbohydrates by the kidneys
59. Which of the following are health issues related to the respiratory system?
a) Asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, asbestosis
b) Diabetes, hypertension, anemia, arthritis
c) Stroke, kidney failure, osteoporosis, flu
d) Appendicitis, gastritis, indigestion, food poisoning
60. What is asthma?
a) A bacterial infection that affects the lungs
b) A chronic disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways
c) A condition in which the lungs fill with fluid
d) A genetic disorder that affects breathing
61. How does an asthma attack occur?
a) The heart pumps too much blood to the lungs
b) The muscles around the airways tighten, and the airways become swollen and
produce excess mucus
c) The lungs stop functioning completely
d) The immune system shuts down, preventing oxygen absorption
62. What is lung cancer?
a) A type of cancer that starts in the lungs and can spread to other parts of the
body
b) A bacterial infection that causes severe coughing
 c) A condition where the lungs collapse due to air leakage
d) A disease caused by excess fluid in the lungs
63. What are possible causes of lung cancer?
a) Smoking, exposure to air pollution, and genetic factors
b) Eating too much sugar and consuming alcohol
c) Lack of exercise and poor posture
d) Viral infections and dehydration
64. What is bronchitis?
a) Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to coughing and difficulty
breathing
b) A condition in which the lungs stop working temporarily
c) A viral infection that affects the digestive system
d) A disease that only affects newborn babies
65. Who is most likely to get bronchitis?
a) People who smoke, those exposed to air pollution, and individuals with weak
immune systems
b) People who exercise regularly and have a healthy diet
c) People who drink too much water
d) Individuals who have broken bones or muscle injuries
66. What is asbestosis?
a) A lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos fibers
b) A condition where the lungs overproduce mucus due to an allergy
c) A viral infection that causes the lungs to swell
d) A genetic disorder affecting lung function
67. What is the main purpose of reproduction?
a) To ensure the continuation of a species
b) To help organisms grow taller
c) To increase an individual’s strength
d) To improve food digestion
68. What is puberty?
a) A disease that affects teenagers
b) The stage of development when the body matures sexually
c) A process where only males grow facial hair
d) A time when the body stops growing completely
69. Where are the hormones testosterone and oestrogen produced?
a) Testosterone is produced in the pancreas, and oestrogen is produced in the
liver
b) Testosterone is produced in the testes, and oestrogen is produced in the
ovaries
c) Testosterone and oestrogen are both produced in the heart
d) Testosterone is produced in the kidneys, and oestrogen is produced in the
lungs
70. Which of the following are male reproductive organs?
a) Testes, penis, prostate, epididymis
b) Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix
c) Kidneys, bladder, ureters, liver
d) Lungs, heart, brain, stomach
71. What is the role of the prostate gland?
a) To store urine before excretion
b) To produce sperm cells
c) To produce fluid that nourishes and transports sperm
d) To regulate hormone levels in the body
72. Where are sperm cells produced?
a) Epididymis
b) Seminal vesicle
c) Testes
d) Urethra
73. What is the primary purpose of reproduction in humans?
a) To create genetic diversity and ensure the survival of the species
b) To develop more complex organs
 c) To increase body size and strength
d) To maintain the energy balance in the body
74. What are the sex hormones in females and males?
a) Estrogen in females; testosterone in males
b) Cortisol in both; adrenaline in males
c) Insulin in females; estrogen in males
d) Testosterone and estrogen in both males and females
75. Where does fertilization occur in the female reproductive system?
a) Uterus
b) Ovary
c) Fallopian tube
d) Cervix
76. What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?
a) To produce sperm and eggs
b) To allow communication between the mother and fetus for nutrient and gas
exchange
c) To regulate the release of hormones during ovulation
d) To support the fetus by providing a fluid-filled environment

Section B
1. What is the alimentary canal?
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2. What are the activities taking place in the mouth during digestion?
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3. What happens in the oesophagus during digestion?
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4. How does food move through the oesophagus?
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5. Mention at least three digestive juices.
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6. What are the three parts of the small intestine?
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7. What is digestion?
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8. Discuss the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion.
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